Comunicación gubernamental en tiempo de crisis de legitimidad

The relationship between communication and politics is becoming increasingly narrow and it is impossible to separate both. In the present article a study of what through time has been called political communication is developed, and in most academic sections of the region, it is usually divided into three fields: electoral, governmental and crisis; reaching the present times with the development of political communication in networks, used by politicians and governors to reach the general public.La relación que existe entre comunicación y política, se hace cada vez, más estrecha y es imposible separar ambas. En el presente artículo se desarrolla un estudio de lo que a través de los tiempos se ha llegado a denominar comunicación política, y en la mayoría de apartados académicos de la región, suele dividirse en tres campos: electoral, gubernamental y de crisis; llegando a los tiempos actuales con el desarrollo de la comunicación política en redes, utilizada por políticos y gobernantes para llegar al público en general

Higher COVID-19 pneumonia risk associated with anti-IFN-α than with anti-IFN-ω auto-Abs in children

We found that 19 (10.4%) of 183 unvaccinated children hospitalized for COVID-19 pneumonia had autoantibodies (auto-Abs) neutralizing type I IFNs (IFN-alpha 2 in 10 patients: IFN-alpha 2 only in three, IFN-alpha 2 plus IFN-omega in five, and IFN-alpha 2, IFN-omega plus IFN-beta in two; IFN-omega only in nine patients). Seven children (3.8%) had Abs neutralizing at least 10 ng/ml of one IFN, whereas the other 12 (6.6%) had Abs neutralizing only 100 pg/ml. The auto-Abs neutralized both unglycosylated and glycosylated IFNs. We also detected auto-Abs neutralizing 100 pg/ml IFN-alpha 2 in 4 of 2,267 uninfected children (0.2%) and auto-Abs neutralizing IFN-omega in 45 children (2%). The odds ratios (ORs) for life-threatening COVID-19 pneumonia were, therefore, higher for auto-Abs neutralizing IFN-alpha 2 only (OR [95% CI] = 67.6 [5.7-9,196.6]) than for auto-Abs neutralizing IFN-. only (OR [95% CI] = 2.6 [1.2-5.3]). ORs were also higher for auto-Abs neutralizing high concentrations (OR [95% CI] = 12.9 [4.6-35.9]) than for those neutralizing low concentrations (OR [95% CI] = 5.5 [3.1-9.6]) of IFN-omega and/or IFN-alpha 2

Genomic investigations of unexplained acute hepatitis in children

Since its first identification in Scotland, over 1,000 cases of unexplained paediatric hepatitis in children have been reported worldwide, including 278 cases in the UK1. Here we report an investigation of 38 cases, 66 age-matched immunocompetent controls and 21 immunocompromised comparator participants, using a combination of genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic and immunohistochemical methods. We detected high levels of adeno-associated virus 2 (AAV2) DNA in the liver, blood, plasma or stool from 27 of 28 cases. We found low levels of adenovirus (HAdV) and human herpesvirus 6B (HHV-6B) in 23 of 31 and 16 of 23, respectively, of the cases tested. By contrast, AAV2 was infrequently detected and at low titre in the blood or the liver from control children with HAdV, even when profoundly immunosuppressed. AAV2, HAdV and HHV-6 phylogeny excluded the emergence of novel strains in cases. Histological analyses of explanted livers showed enrichment for T cells and B lineage cells. Proteomic comparison of liver tissue from cases and healthy controls identified increased expression of HLA class 2, immunoglobulin variable regions and complement proteins. HAdV and AAV2 proteins were not detected in the livers. Instead, we identified AAV2 DNA complexes reflecting both HAdV-mediated and HHV-6B-mediated replication. We hypothesize that high levels of abnormal AAV2 replication products aided by HAdV and, in severe cases, HHV-6B may have triggered immune-mediated hepatic disease in genetically and immunologically predisposed children

Un acercamiento filosófico a la Educación en valores y derechos humanos para la formación docente con ejemplos de Alemania y Costa Rica. Investigación: Las experiencias de la Universidad de Costa Rica, la Universidad Nacional y la Universidad de Osnabrück. Buenas prácticas

Este libro, como producto del proyecto inter-universitario “Educación en valores y derechos humanos en la formación docente”, con la participación de la Universidad de Costa Rica, Universidad Nacional y Universidad de Osnabrück y apoyado por el Servicio Académico de Intercambio Alemán (DAAD), se organiza en tres capítulos, el primero denominado: Un acercamiento filosófico para la formación docente con ejemplos de Alemania y Costa Rica, invita a reflexionar sobre la formación en derechos humanos y en valores en la educación superior y permite realizar un recorrido histórico sobre la concepción de los derechos humanos, su relación con la desigualdad y la exclusión, y cómo la educación intercultural surge como una alternativa para el garantizar el bien común. El segundo capítulo, Investigación, presenta los resultados en primer lugar sobre el análisis a los planes de estudios de las carreras de formación docente de las universidades de Costa Rica, Nacional y de Osnabrück, en cuanto a la inclusión de contenidos en educación en derechos humanos y valores; a la vez que se incluyen los resultados de las consultas sobre las perspectivas del estudiantado y profesorado sobre cómo es la formación en esos aspectos. El tercer y último capítulo, Buenas prácticas, explica qué es una buena práctica en educación en derechos humanos, brinda criterios para su reconocimiento y brinda ejemplos de las mismas.Servicio Alemán de Intercambio Académico (DAAD)Centro de Estudios Generale

Ciudades sostenibles: Un enfoque diferenciado del desarrollo de las ciudades

La innovación se ha posicionado como el motor que impulsa el desarrollo de las naciones. Desde las grandes economías de las potencias mundiales hasta economías emergentes propias de países en desarrollo, han implementado Innovación en sus procesos productivos, logrando con ello posicionar sus economías regional y mundialmente. La innovación se apoya en la I+D, y esta, a su vez, se fortalece con los recursos destinados por las naciones. En el caso de Colombia, es grande el reto en materia de investigación, es necesario la concientización de que, a mayor inversión, más número de investigadores realizando estudio, más modernizadas las empresas y un mayor crecimiento económico regional

A global metagenomic map of urban microbiomes and antimicrobial resistance

We present a global atlas of 4,728 metagenomic samples from mass-transit systems in 60 cities over 3 years, representing the first systematic, worldwide catalog of the urban microbial ecosystem. This atlas provides an annotated, geospatial profile of microbial strains, functional characteristics, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) markers, and genetic elements, including 10,928 viruses, 1,302 bacteria, 2 archaea, and 838,532 CRISPR arrays not found in reference databases. We identified 4,246 known species of urban microorganisms and a consistent set of 31 species found in 97% of samples that were distinct from human commensal organisms. Profiles of AMR genes varied widely in type and density across cities. Cities showed distinct microbial taxonomic signatures that were driven by climate and geographic differences. These results constitute a high-resolution global metagenomic atlas that enables discovery of organisms and genes, highlights potential public health and forensic applications, and provides a culture-independent view of AMR burden in cities.Funding: the Tri-I Program in Computational Biology and Medicine (CBM) funded by NIH grant 1T32GM083937; GitHub; Philip Blood and the Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment (XSEDE), supported by NSF grant number ACI-1548562 and NSF award number ACI-1445606; NASA (NNX14AH50G, NNX17AB26G), the NIH (R01AI151059, R25EB020393, R21AI129851, R35GM138152, U01DA053941); STARR Foundation (I13- 0052); LLS (MCL7001-18, LLS 9238-16, LLS-MCL7001-18); the NSF (1840275); the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (OPP1151054); the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation (G-2015-13964); Swiss National Science Foundation grant number 407540_167331; NIH award number UL1TR000457; the US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute under contract number DE-AC02-05CH11231; the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, supported by the Office of Science of the US Department of Energy; Stockholm Health Authority grant SLL 20160933; the Institut Pasteur Korea; an NRF Korea grant (NRF-2014K1A4A7A01074645, 2017M3A9G6068246); the CONICYT Fondecyt Iniciación grants 11140666 and 11160905; Keio University Funds for Individual Research; funds from the Yamagata prefectural government and the city of Tsuruoka; JSPS KAKENHI grant number 20K10436; the bilateral AT-UA collaboration fund (WTZ:UA 02/2019; Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine, UA:M/84-2019, M/126-2020); Kyiv Academic Univeristy; Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine project numbers 0118U100290 and 0120U101734; Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa 2013–2017; the CERCA Programme / Generalitat de Catalunya; the CRG-Novartis-Africa mobility program 2016; research funds from National Cheng Kung University and the Ministry of Science and Technology; Taiwan (MOST grant number 106-2321-B-006-016); we thank all the volunteers who made sampling NYC possible, Minciencias (project no. 639677758300), CNPq (EDN - 309973/2015-5), the Open Research Fund of Key Laboratory of Advanced Theory and Application in Statistics and Data Science – MOE, ECNU, the Research Grants Council of Hong Kong through project 11215017, National Key RD Project of China (2018YFE0201603), and Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project (2017SHZDZX01) (L.S.