Small innovative business development experience

The article deals with the study of the experience and impact of establishing micro, small and medium-sized businesses, including innovative enterprises, in developed countries of Europe, the USA, and Russia, their development dynamics, as well as tools ensuring government regulation of their effective functioning. In Russia, the right to establish small innovative enterprises was granted by Federal Law No. 217-FZ dated August 2, 2009. The article provides quantitative statistics of the accounting of small innovative enterprises operating in the scientific and educational sector of Russia’s economy and the economic indicators of their activities, obtained based on monitoring results. The article also analyzes the US legislation in the innovation field. The research allowed us to come to the following key conclusions: Micro, small, and medium-sized businesses play an important role in the European and American economies, being the most important source of innovation and new jobs. In Russia, further development of a mechanism for commercialization of intellectual results requires improvement in terms of harmonization with international rules. The foreign legislative experience with respect to micro, small and medium-sized businesses is of particular interest for the improvement of the regulatory framework that would ensure the effective operation of small innovative enterprises in Russia.peer-reviewe

Impact of the pandemic on retail trade in Ukraine

The coronavirus pandemic has had a significant impact on all areas of society. The epidemiological environment has given much uncertainty to consumers and companies alike, resulting in adaptation to the new insular environment. This article examines the impact of the coronavirus pandemic on the retail industry. Emphasis is placed on how COVID-19 has influenced changes in assortment policy in the retail sector. The prevailing epidemiological situation led to increased prices. Moreover, due to the introduction of social distancing requirements, retail shop closures and recommendations for isolation measures to prevent the spread of the virus, consumers have been spending more time purchasing goods online, using contactless payment and receipt. The study also shows that the behavioural shift in consumer actions has predominantly occurred towards digital platforms and digital content, which has created real opportunities for brands to promote beauty products by targeting advertising messages to the audiences through new Internet marketing tools. With the rise in social media engagement and the desire for digital content, new opportunities have opened up for cosmetic retailers to help maintain communication with consumers even during a pandemic

Planet Consumption and Stellar Metallicity Enhancements

The evolution of a giant planet within the stellar envelope of a main-sequence star is investigated as a possible mechanism for enhancing the stellar metallicities of the parent stars of extrasolar planetary systems. Three-dimensional hydrodynamical simulations of a planet subject to impacting stellar matter indicate that the envelope of a Jupiter-like giant planet can be completely stripped in the outer stellar convection zone of a solar-mass star. In contrast, Jupiter-like and less massive Saturn-like giant planets are able to survive through the base of the convection zone of a 1.22 solar-mass star. Although strongly dependent on details of planetary interior models, partial or total dissolution of giant planets can result in significant enhancements in the metallicity of host stars with masses between about 1.0 and 1.3 solar masses. The implications of these results with regard to planetary orbital migration are briefly discussed.Comment: 11 pages, 2 figures, accepted for ApJ Letter

Classification of integrable discrete Klein-Gordon models

The Lie algebraic integrability test is applied to the problem of classification of integrable Klein-Gordon type equations on quad-graphs. The list of equations passing the test is presented containing several well-known integrable models. A new integrable example is found, its higher symmetry is presented.Comment: 12 pages, submitted to Physica Script

An algebraic method of classification of S-integrable discrete models

A method of classification of integrable equations on quad-graphs is discussed based on algebraic ideas. We assign a Lie ring to the equation and study the function describing the dimensions of linear spaces spanned by multiple commutators of the ring generators. For the generic case this function grows exponentially. Examples show that for integrable equations it grows slower. We propose a classification scheme based on this observation.Comment: 11 pages, workshop "Nonlinear Physics. Theory and Experiment VI", submitted to TM

ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОЕ ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ И ЕГО РОЛЬ В СОЦИАЛЬНОЙ РЕАБИЛИТАЦИИ ЛЮДЕЙ С ОГРАНИЧЕННЫМИ ВОЗМОЖНОСТЯМИ ЗДОРОВЬЯ

The article analyzes the problem of social rehabilitation of disabled people and social life, different ways of integration with the ability to professional education. The authors consider the modern ways of training as barrier-free environment and inclusive education in higher education. The paper point out that this issue is revealed in the standards and regulations. The social aspect implies the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, the Federal Law “On social protection of disabled persons in the Russian Federation” and others. Educational policy priorities in the field of special education are regulated by the Federal Law 237-FZ of December 29, 2012 “On Education in the Russian Federation”, the Order of the Ministry of Education 05-785 “On guidelines for educational process for disabled people” and a number of others. The authors analyze the various systems of higher education for people with disabilities and the HIA, both in our country and abroad. They represent experience of the social rehabilitation support of inclusive professional education for disabled students at Herzen RSPU, NSTU, Maksim Tank BSPU, where disabled students are trained by means of barrier-free method. An important condition is to ensure equal possibilities in education of persons with special needs. The paper reveals the measures aimed at providing equal possibilities and considers different types of social rehabilitation support for disabled students. The authors specify the significance of social policy in respect to the people with the HIA and the possibility of successful socialization and active participation in social life.В статье анализируется проблема социальной реабилитации людей с ОВЗ и инвалидностью в социальную жизнь, различные пути интеграции благодаря возможности профессионального образования. Рассматриваются такие современные пути, как безбарьерная среда, инклюзивное образование в системе высшего образования. Отмечается, что данная проблема нашла отражение в ряде нормативных документов. В социальном аспекте - в Конвенции ООН о правах инвалидов, Федеральном законе «О социальной защите инвалидов в Российской Федерации» и др. Приоритеты образовательной политики в сфере специального образования определены: в Федеральном законе «Об образовании в Российской Федерации» № 273-ФЗ от 29.12.2012 года, приказе Минобрнауки № 05-785 «О направлении методических рекомендаций по организации образовательного процесса для обучения инвалидов» и в ряде других. Анализируются различные системы высшего профессионального образования для людей с ОВЗ и инвалидностью, как в нашей стране, так и за рубежом. В рамках модели образовательной интеграции представлен опыт социально-реабилитационного сопровождения инклюзивного профессионального образования студентов с ОВЗ и инвалидов в РГПУ им. А. И. Герцена, НГТУ, в БГПУ им. Максима Танка, где осуществляется деятельность по обеспечению безбарьерного получения высшего профессионального образования. Важным условием является обеспечение равных возможностей при получении образования лиц с особенностями психофизического развития. Для этого осуществляется ряд мер, направленных на создание безбарьерной среды. Рассматриваются различные виды социально-реабилитационного сопровождения обучения студентов. Обозначается значимость социальной политики по отношению к людям с ОВЗ и их возможность успешной социализации и активного участия в социальной жизни общества

Цифровые экосистемные модели в бизнесе: вызовы теории и практика управления

Purpose: this article is aimed at identifying the economic effects arising out of the integration of companies within the framework of the digital business ecosystem.Methods: the article is based on the concept of the evolution of organizational systems in the context of the ecosystem approach, as well as on the provisions of the economic theory of network effects. The main methods of scientific research are represented by the structural- logical, bibliographic, computational-constructive and graphic method.Results: the review of current publications related to the issue being considered showed that in the era of the Internet and digital technologies, the main factor of economic benefit is the network effect or the demand scale effect, as well as the fact that a new source of competitive advantage and market dominance pertains to the ecosystem of users. It is revealed that the strategy of unification within the framework of digital business ecosystem allows companies to provide additional value for customers and meet the utmost number of their needs. Due to the analysis presented in this research, other economic effects, as well as the risks of integration strategies with the digital business ecosystem based on the example of the market of mobile applications designed to pay for fuel in Russia have been identified.Сonclusions and Relevance: currently, companies are increasingly adopting an ecosystem-oriented format of work when creating their business models, which allows them to scale their business at low cost and minimal investments, enter new markets, increase the customer's lifecycle and gain additional profit. Digital technologies bring the participants of business ecosystems to a new level of interaction thus leading to the reduction of barriers which prevent the synergetic effects from partner integration. The empirical analysis in the study also exposed potential risks of cooperation with the digital business ecosystem, as well as an alternative way of the organization's development strategy, which allows creating its own digital ecosystem in the future. The results have been tested in the process of improving the integration strategies of the company "Benzuber" and despite the fact that the analysis has a number of limitations, the findings might have practical implications for optimizing the development strategies of other companies.Метод или методология проведения работы. Статья основана на концепции эволюции организационных систем в контексте экосистемного подхода, а также на положениях экономической теории сетевых эффектов. Основные методы исследования – структурно-логический, библиографический, расчетно-конструктивный и графический.Результаты работы. Проведенный обзор актуальных публикаций по изучаемой проблеме показал, что в эпоху Интернета и цифровых технологий основным фактором экономической выгоды становится сетевой эффект, или эффект масштаба спроса, а новым источником конкурентного преимущества и доминирования на рынке – экосистемы пользователей. Выявлено, что стратегия объединения в рамках цифровой бизнес-экосистемы позволяет компаниям создавать дополнительную ценность для клиентов и удовлетворять максимальное количество их потребностей. Проведенный анализ выявил и другие экономические эффекты, а также риски интеграционных стратегий с цифровой бизнес-экосистемой на примере рынка мобильных приложений для оплаты топлива в России.Выводы. В настоящий момент компании при построении свих бизнес-моделей все чаще переходят к формату работы по принципу экосистемы, что позволяет масштабировать бизнес с минимальными инвестициями, выходить на новые рынки, увеличивать жизненный цикл клиента и получать дополнительную прибыль. Цифровые технологии выводят участников бизнес-экосистем на новый уровень взаимодействия и приводят к сокращению барьеров, препятствующих получению синергетических эффектов от партнерских интеграций. Эмпирический анализ в исследовании выявил и потенциальные риски сотрудничества с цифровой бизнес-экосистемой, а также альтернативный вариант стратегии развития организации, позволяющий в перспективе создать собственную цифровую экосистему. Полученные результаты были апробированы в процессе совершенствования интеграционных стратегий компании «Benzuber» и, несмотря на то, что проведенный анализ имеет ряд ограничений, сформированные выводы могут быть полезны для оптимизации стратегий развития и других компаний

The effect of heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of 2d nanostructured au/nife system

Nanostructured NiFe film was obtained on silicon with a thin gold sublayer via pulsed electrodeposition and annealed at a temperature from 100 to 400◦C in order to study the effect of heat treatment on the surface microstructure and mechanical properties. High-resolution atomic force microscopy made it possible to trace stepwise evolving microstructure under the influence of heat treatment. It was found that NiFe film grains undergo coalescence twice—at ~100 and ~300°C—in the process of a gradual increase in grain size. The mechanical properties of the Au/NiFe nanostructured system have been investigated by nanoindentation at two various indentation depths, 10 and 50 nm. The results showed the opposite effect of heat treatment on the mechanical properties in the near-surface layer and in the material volume. Surface homogenization in combination with oxidation activation leads to abnormal strengthening and hardening-up of the near-surface layer. At the same time, a nonlinear decrease in hardness and Young’s modulus with increasing temperature of heat treatment characterizes the internal volume of nanostructured NiFe. An explanation of this phenomenon was found in the complex effect of changing the ratio of grain volume/grain boundaries and increasing the concentration of thermally activated diffuse gold atoms from the sublayer to the NiFe film. © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.Funding: The work was supported by Act 211 Government of the Russian Federation, contract № 02.A03.21.0011