23 research outputs found

    Assessment of selected parameters of placental microstructure in patients with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy

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    Objectives: Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is the most common liver disorder during pregnancy. Cholestasis is associated with increased risk of fetal complications: prematurity, perinatal hypoxia and meconium stained amniotic fluid, and sudden intrauterine fetal death. The exact mechanisms associated with cholestasis fetal sequelae are not fully understood. The aim of the study was the histopathological evaluation of placentas from patients with cholestasis and healthy pregnant women to establish whether cholestasis is accompanied by changes in placental microstructure.  Material and methods: The effect of cholestasis on placental microstructure was investigated using placental tissue from patients with cholestatsis treated with ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) and from uncomplicated pregnancies. Five placental histopathological features were analyzed: number of syncytial knots, number of capillaries per villous, structure of stroma, presence of Hofbauer cells, and villitis of unknown etiology.  Results: There were no statistically significant differences in any of the studied parameters between cholestasis-affected and healthy control groups.  Conclusions: There are no diffrences in placental microstructure in cholestasis patients treated with UDCA and in patients with uncomplicated pregnancy

    Subjective well-being among psychotherapists during the coronavirus disease pandemic : A cross-cultural survey from 12 european countries

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    Objective: The aim of this study is to examine the amount of the total variance of the subjective well-being (SWB) of psychotherapists from 12 European countries explained by between-country vs. between-person differences regarding its cognitive (life satisfaction) and affective components (positive affect [PA] and negative affect [NA]). Second, we explored a link between the SWB and their personal (self-efficacy) and social resources (social support) after controlling for sociodemographics, work characteristics, and COVID-19-related distress.Methods: In total, 2915 psychotherapists from 12 countries (Austria, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Finland, Great Britain, Serbia, Spain, Norway, Poland, Romania, Sweden, and Switzerland) participated in this study. The participants completed the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), the International Positive and Negative Affect Schedule Short Form (I-PANAS-SF), the General Self-Efficacy Scale, and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support.Results: Cognitive well-being (CWB; satisfaction with life) was a more country-dependent component of SWB than affective well-being (AWB). Consequently, at the individual level, significant correlates were found only for AWB but not for CWB. Higher AWB was linked to being female, older age, higher weekly workload, and lower COVID-19-related distress. Self-efficacy and social support explained AWB only, including their main effects and the moderating effect of self-efficacy.Conclusions: The results highlight more individual characteristics of AWB compared to CWB, with a more critical role of low self-efficacy for the link between social support and PA rather than NA. This finding suggests the need for greater self-care among psychotherapists regarding their AWB and the more complex conditions underlying their CWB.Peer reviewe

    Burnout among psychotherapists : a cross-cultural value survey among 12 European countries during the coronavirus disease pandemic

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    The aim of this study was to examine cross-cultural differences, as operationalized by Schwartz's refined theory of basic values, in burnout levels among psychotherapists from 12 European countries during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. We focused on the multilevel approach to investigate if individual- and country-aggregated level values could explain differences in burnout intensity after controlling for sociodemographic, work-related characteristics and COVID-19-related distress among participants. 2915 psychotherapists from 12 countries (Austria, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Finland, Great Britain, Serbia, Spain, Norway, Poland, Romania, Sweden, and Switzerland) participated in this study. The participants completed the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Service Survey, the revised version of the Portrait Values Questionnaire, and a survey questionnaire on sociodemographic, work-related factors and the COVID-19 related distress. In general, the lowest mean level of burnout was noted for Romania, whereas the highest mean burnout intensity was reported for Cyprus. Multilevel analysis revealed that burnout at the individual level was negatively related to self-transcendence and openness-to-change but positively related to self-enhancement and conservation values. However, no significant effects on any values were observed at the country level. Male sex, younger age, being single, and reporting higher COVID-19-related distress were significant burnout correlates. Burnout among psychotherapists may be a transcultural phenomenon, where individual differences among psychotherapists are likely to be more important than differences between the countries of their practice. This finding enriches the discussion on training in psychotherapy in an international context and draws attention to the neglected issue of mental health among psychotherapists in the context of their professional functioning.Peer reviewe

    Well-Being and Institutional Care in Older Adults: Cross-Sectional and Time Effects of Provided and Received Support

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    <div><p>Background</p><p>The aim of the study was to examine the cross-sectional and longitudinal effects of provided and received support on older adults’ subjective well-being (positive affect and depression) and to examine whether being a recipient of institutional care moderates these effects.</p><p>Methods</p><p>Social support (provided and received), positive affect, and depressive symptoms were assessed twice (at baseline and 1 month later) for 277 older adults (age 77.39 ± 9.20 years, 67.50% women, 65% residents of an institutional care facility).</p><p>Findings</p><p>Two structural equation models were analyzed: cross-sectional (at baseline) and longitudinal (after 1 month). The first model revealed a significant positive relationship between providing and receiving support and positive affect, and a negative relationship between receiving support and depression. However, being a recipient of institutional care appeared to be a significant moderator in the longitudinal model. Specifically, the findings indicated effects of both providing and receiving support on positive affect but only for noninstitutionalized older adults.</p><p>Discussion</p><p>Although both types of support may be beneficial for older adults, their effects depend on the nature of social exchange and the dimensions of well-being. This suggests that such factors should be systematically investigated in future research.</p></div

    Resultant model of time effect of social support on well-being for both samples.

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    <p>IADL, Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (higher scores indicate greater independence); values presented are standardized coefficients, ^<i>p</i> < .07, <sup>*</sup><i>p</i> < .05, <sup>**</sup><i>p</i> < .01, <sup>***</sup><i>p</i> < .001.</p

    Model of relationships between received and provided social support and well-being.

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    <p>Model of relationships between received and provided social support and well-being.</p

    Resultant model of time effect of social support on well-being for nursing home participants.

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    <p>IADL, Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (higher scores indicate greater independence); values presented are standardized coefficients, <sup>*</sup><i>p</i> < .05, <sup>**</sup><i>p</i> < .01, <sup>***</sup><i>p</i> < .001.</p

    Resultant model of cross-sectional relationship between social support and well-being for both samples.

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    <p>IADL, Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (higher scores indicate greater independence); values presented are standardized coefficients, <sup>*</sup><i>p</i> < .05, <sup>**</sup><i>p</i> < .01, <sup>***</sup><i>p</i> < .001.</p

    Resultant model of time effect of social support on well-being for seniors club participants.

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    <p>IADL, Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (higher scores indicate greater independence); values presented are standardized coefficients, <sup>*</sup><i>p</i> < .05, <sup>**</sup><i>p</i> < .01, <sup>***</sup><i>p</i> < .001.</p

    Moderation effect of institutionalization: group comparison.

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    <p>Moderation effect of institutionalization: group comparison.</p
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