83 research outputs found
Gains and Losses in Functionality â An Experimental Investigation of the Effect of Software Updates on Usersâ Continuance Intentions
Although software updates are ubiquitous in professional and private IS usage, their impact on user behaviors has received little attention in post-adoption research. Based on expectation-confirmation-theory and the IS continuance model, we investigate the effects of gaining and loosing features through updates on expert and novice usersâ continuance intentions (CI). In a vignette based experiment, we find that updates which add features to software after its release increase novicesâ CI above and beyond a level generated by a monolithic software package that contains the entire feature set from the beginning. With diminished CI, experts show a contrary reaction to the same update. Losing features through an update, on the other hand, severely diminishes CI for experts and novices alike. Mediation analysis reveals positive disconfirmation of previous expectations as psychological mechanism behind novicesâ counter-intuitive and somewhat non-rational responses to gaining features through an update. Implications for research and practice are derived
Germanium Plasmonic Nanoantennas for Third-Harmonic Generation in the Mid Infrared
We explore the nonlinear optical properties of plasmonic semiconductor antennas resonant in the mid infrared. The nanostructures are fabricated on silicon substrates from heavily doped germanium films with a plasma frequency of 30 THz, equivalent to a wavelength of 10 ÎŒm. Illumination with ultrashort pulses at 10.8 ÎŒm produces coherent emission at 3.6 ÎŒm via third-harmonic generation
Control of excitonic absorption by thickness variation in few-layer GaSe
We control the thickness of GaSe on the level of individual layers and study
the corresponding optical absorption via highly sensitive differential
transmission measurements. Suppression of excitonic transitions is observed
when the number of layers is smaller than a critical value of 8. Through
ab-initio modelling we are able to link this behavior to a fundamental change
in the band structure that leads to the formation of a valence band shaped as
an inverted Mexican hat in thin GaSe. The thickness-controlled modulation of
the optical properties provides attractive resources for the development of
functional optoelectronic devices based on a single material
Tunability and Losses of Mid-infrared Plasmonics in Heavily Doped Germanium Thin Films
Heavily-doped semiconductor films are very promising for application in
mid-infrared plasmonic devices because the real part of their dielectric
function is negative and broadly tunable in this wavelength range. In this work
we investigate heavily n-type doped germanium epilayers grown on different
substrates, in-situ doped in the to cm range, by
infrared spectroscopy, first principle calculations, pump-probe spectroscopy
and dc transport measurements to determine the relation between plasma edge and
carrier density and to quantify mid-infrared plasmon losses. We demonstrate
that the unscreened plasma frequency can be tuned in the 400 - 4800 cm
range and that the average electron scattering rate, dominated by scattering
with optical phonons and charged impurities, increases almost linearly with
frequency. We also found weak dependence of losses and tunability on the
crystal defect density, on the inactivated dopant density and on the
temperature down to 10 K. In films where the plasma was optically activated by
pumping in the near-infrared, we found weak but significant dependence of
relaxation times on the static doping level of the film. Our results suggest
that plasmon decay times in the several-picosecond range can be obtained in
n-type germanium thin films grown on silicon substrates hence allowing for
underdamped mid-infrared plasma oscillations at room temperature.Comment: 18 pages, 10 figure
Germanium Nanoantennas for Plasmon-enhanced Third Harmonic Generation in the Mid Infrared
Recent advances in semiconductor film deposition allow for the growth of heavily-doped germanium with effective plasma frequencies above 60 THz, corresponding to wavelengths below 5 ÎŒm. This technology paves the way for mid-infrared nanoplasmonics with application in integrated telecommunication systems and enhanced molecular sensing in the so-called vibrational fingerprint spectral region [1]
1st EFORT European Consensus: Medical & Scientific Research Requirements for the Clinical Introduction of Artificial Joint Arthroplasty Devices
Innovations in Orthopaedics and Traumatology have contributed to the achievement of a high-quality level of care in musculoskeletal disorders and injuries over the past decades. The applications of new implants as well as diagnostic and therapeutic techniques in addition to implementation of clinical research, have significantly improved patient outcomes, reduced complication rates and length of hospital stay in many areas.
However, the regulatory framework is extensive, and there is a lack of understanding and clarity in daily practice what the meaning of clinical & preâclinical evidence as required by the MDR is. Thus, understanding and clarity are of utmost importance for introduction of new implants and implant-related instrumentation in combination with surgical technique to ensure a safe use of implants and treatment of patients.
Therefore EFORT launched IPSI, The Implant and Patient Safety Initiative, which starting from an inaugural workshop in 2021 issued a set of recommendations, notably through a subsequent Delphi Process involving the National Member Societies of EFORT, European Specialty Societies as well as International Experts. These recommendations provide surgeons, researchers, implant manufacturers as well as patients and health authorities with a consensus of the development, implementation, and dissemination of innovation in the field of arthroplasty.
The intended key outcomes of this 1st EFORT European Consensus on âMedical & Scientific Research Requirements for the Clinical Introduction of Artificial Joint Arthroplasty Devicesâare consented, practical pathways to maintain innovation and optimisation of orthopaedic products and workflows within the boundaries of MDR 2017/745. Open Access practical guidelines based on adequate, state of the art pre-clinical and clinical evaluation methodologies for the introduction of joint replacements and implant-related instrumentation shall provide hands-on orientation for orthopaedic surgeons, research institutes and laboratories, orthopaedic device manufacturers, Notified Bodies but also for National Institutes and authorities, patient representatives and further stakeholders.
We would like to acknowledge and thank the Scientific Committee members, all International Expert Delegates, the Delegates from European National & Specialty Societies and the Editorial Team for their outstanding contributions and support during this EFORT European Consensus
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