Estimation of the absorbed doses of synthesized cisplatin with ¹⁹⁵mPt in various organs of animals

195mPt has been obtained in reaction ¹⁹⁷Au(g,np)¹⁹⁵mPt on the electron linear accelerator with energy 40 MeV and current 10 mA. To produce ¹⁹⁵mPt from a target of gold the extractor such as Kuchera-Shtoly was needed. The following stage of technology consisted in obtaining synthetic cisplatin on a basis ¹⁹⁵mPt. The admixture of activity ¹⁹⁶Au in synthesized cisplatin was 1.4% relatively of the ¹⁹⁵mPt activity. The effective dozes have been measured in various organs of animals after administration of cisplatin containing ¹⁹⁵mPt with activity 13 kBq. It has been shown that effective dozes from ¹⁹⁵mPt cisplatin for various organs were from 0.72 to 0.20 mGy/MBq.Проведено експерименти по виділенню ізотопу платини ¹⁹⁵mPt у реакції ¹⁹⁷Au(g,np)¹⁹⁵mPt на лінійному прискорювачі електронів з енергією 40 МеВ і струмом 10 мкА. Розроблено технологію виділення ¹⁹⁵mPt з мішені золота в екстракторі типу Кучера-Штоля. Одержано синтетичний цисплатин на основі ¹⁹⁵mPt. Домішка ¹⁹⁶Au у синтезованому цисплатину склала 1,4% від активності ¹⁹⁵mPt. Виміряні ефективні дози поглинання на одиницю активності від ¹⁹⁵mPt у різних органах тварин, яким був уведений радіоактивний цисплатин у дозі 13 кБк. Показано, що дози поглинання ¹⁹⁵mPt цисплатина для різних органів становили від 0,72 до 0,20 мГр/MБк.Проведены эксперименты по выделению изотопа платины ¹⁹⁵mPt в реакции ¹⁹⁷Au(g,np)¹⁹⁵mPt на линейном ускорителе электронов для энергии 40 МэВ при токе 10 мкА. Разработана технология выделения ¹⁹⁵mPt из мишени золота в экстракторе типа Кучера-Штоля. Следующий этап технологии заключался в получении синтетического цисплатина на основе ¹⁹⁵mPt. Примесь ¹⁹⁶Au в синтезированном цисплатине составила 1,4% от активности ¹⁹⁵mPt. Измерены эффективные дозы поглощения на единицу активности от ¹⁹⁵mPt в различных органах животных, которым был введен радиоактивный цисплатин в дозе 13 кБк. Показано, что дозы поглощения от ¹⁹⁵mPt для различных органов составляли от 0,72 до 0,20 мГр/MБк

Toward reliable characterization of energetic materials: Interplay of theory and thermal analysis in the study of the thermal stability of tetranitroacetimidic acid (TNAA)

The thermal stability of energetic materials, being of the utmost importance for safety issues, is often considered in terms of kinetics, e.g., the Arrhenius parameters of the decomposition rate constant. The latter, in turn, are commonly determined using conventional thermoanalytical procedures with the use of simple Kissinger or Ozawa methods for kinetic data processing. However, thermal decomposition of energetic materials typically occurs via numerous exo- and endothermal processes including fast parallel reactions, phase transitions, autocatalysis, etc. This leads to numerous drawbacks of simple approaches. In this paper, we proposed a new methodology for characterization of the thermochemistry and thermal stability of melt-cast energetic materials, which is comprised of a complementary set of experimental and theoretical techniques in conjunction with a suitable kinetic model. With the aid of the proposed methodology, we studied in detail a novel green oxidizer, tetranitroacetimidic acid (TNAA). The experimental mass loss kinetics in the melt was perfectly fitted with a model comprised of zero-order reaction (sublimation or evaporation) and first-order thermal decomposition of TNAA with the effective Arrhenius parameters Ea = 41.0 ± 0.2 kcal mol-1 and log(A/s-1) = 20.2 ± 0.1. We rationalized the experimental findings on the basis of highly accurate CCSD(T)-F12 quantum chemical calculations. Computations predict that thermolysis of TNAA involves an intricate interplay of multiple decomposition channels of the three tautomers, which are equilibrated via either monomolecular reactions or concerted double hydrogen atom transfer in the H-bonded dimers; the calculated Arrhenius parameters of the effective rate constant coincide well with experiment. Most importantly, calculations provide detailed mechanistic evidence missing in the thermoanalytical experiment and explain formation of the experimentally observed primary products N2O and NO2. Along with the kinetics and mechanism of decomposition, the proposed approach yields accurate thermochemistry and phase change data of TNAA. This journal is © the Owner Societies

Review of particle physics

This biennial Review summarizes much of particle physics. Using data from previous editions, plus 2778 new measurements from 645 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We also summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as Higgs bosons, heavy neutrinos, and supersymmetric particles. All the particle properties and search limits are listed in Summary Tables. We also give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics such as the Standard Model, particle detectors, probability, and statistics. Among the 108 reviews are many that are new or heavily revised including those on CKM quark-mixing matrix, Vud & Vus, Vcb & Vub, top quark, muon anomalous magnetic moment, extra dimensions, particle detectors, cosmic background radiation, dark matter, cosmological parameters, and big bang cosmology

Report from Working Group 2: Higgs Physics at the HL-LHC and HE-LHC

The discovery of the Higgs boson in 2012, by the ATLAS and CMS experiments, was a success achieved with only a percent of the entire dataset foreseen for the LHC. It opened a landscape of possibilities in the study of Higgs boson properties, Electroweak Symmetry breaking and the Standard Model in general, as well as new avenues in probing new physics beyond the Standard Model. Six years after the discovery, with a conspicuously larger dataset collected during LHC Run 2 at a 13 TeV centre-of-mass energy, the theory and experimental particle physics communities have started a meticulous exploration of the potential for precision measurements of its properties. This includes studies of Higgs boson production and decays processes, the search for rare decays and production modes, high energy observables, and searches for an extended electroweak symmetry breaking sector. This report summarises the potential reach and opportunities in Higgs physics during the High Luminosity phase of the LHC, with an expected dataset of pp collisions at 14 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3~ab$^{-1}$. These studies are performed in light of the most recent analyses from LHC collaborations and the latest theoretical developments. The potential of an LHC upgrade, colliding protons at a centre-of-mass energy of 27 TeV and producing a dataset corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 15~ab$^{-1}$, is also discussed