Placebo-controlled trial of nimodipine in the treatment of acute ischemic cerebral infarction

Nimodipine is a 1,4-dihydropyridine derivative that shows a preferential cerebrovascular activity in experimental animals. Clinical data suggest that nimodipine has a beneficial effect on the neurologic outcome of patients suffering an acute ischemic stroke. Our double-blind placebo-controlled multicenter trial was designed to assess the effects of oral nimodipine on the mortality rate and neurologic outcome of patients with an acute ischemic stroke. One hundred sixty-four patients were randomly allocated to receive either nimodipine tablets (30 mg q.i.d.) or identical placebo tablets for 28 days. Treatment was always started less than or equal to 48 hours after the acute event. The Mathew Scale, slightly modified by Gelmers et al, was used for neurologic assessment. Mortality rate and neurologic outcome after 28 days were used as evaluation criteria. We considered 123 patients to be valid for the analysis of efficacy. Mortality rates did not differ significantly between groups. Neurologic outcome after 28 days of therapy did not differ between groups. However, when only those patients most likely to benefit from any intervention (Mathew Scale sum score of less than or equal to 65 at baseline) were analyzed separately in post hoc-defined subgroups, the nimodipine-treated subgroups showed a significantly better neurologic outcome. This result suggests that some patients with acute ischemic stroke will benefit from treatment with nimodipine tablets

The challenge of unprecedented floods and droughts in risk management

Risk management has reduced vulnerability to floods and droughts globally1,2, yet their impacts are still increasing3. An improved understanding of the causes of changing impacts is therefore needed, but has been hampered by a lack of empirical data4,5. On the basis of a global dataset of 45 pairs of events that occurred within the same area, we show that risk management generally reduces the impacts of floods and droughts but faces difficulties in reducing the impacts of unprecedented events of a magnitude not previously experienced. If the second event was much more hazardous than the first, its impact was almost always higher. This is because management was not designed to deal with such extreme events: for example, they exceeded the design levels of levees and reservoirs. In two success stories, the impact of the second, more hazardous, event was lower, as a result of improved risk management governance and high investment in integrated management. The observed difficulty of managing unprecedented events is alarming, given that more extreme hydrological events are projected owing to climate change3

Mediterran

Ġabra ta’ poeżiji u proża li tinkludi: Għal Ġorġ Pisani ta’ Joe Zammit Tabona – Din gżira niexfa ta’ Clare Azzopardi – Ersaqt lejn il-baħar ta’ Charles Bezzina – Passaġġi ta’ Ġorġ Borg – Firenze ta’ Louis Briffa – Riħet ix-xemgħa ta’ John Caruana – Jum ir-riflessjoni ta’ Antoine Cassar – Fjura fqajra ta’ Carmel Ġ. Cauchi – Qatra ta’ Maria Grech Ganado – Lill-bufula ta’ fuq iz-zuntier ta’ Maurice Mifsud Bonnici – Tinsinix! ta’ Joe Zammit Tabona – In-nanna lbieraħ u jien illum! – tifkiriet ta’ Lina Brockdorff – L-għaddas ta’ Alex Vella Gera – Għassa ta’ Adrian Grima – It-tfajla tal-ħolm ta’ Anne Marie Scerri – Meta tagħmel l-ewwel xita ta’ Trevor Żahra – Ħajta deni ta’ Jordi Punti, traduzzjoni ta’ Immanuel Mifsud – Arnarstapi, l-Iżlanda ta’ Susan Richardson, traduzzjoni ta’ Simone Inguanez – Ħuta ta’ Aki Salmela, traduzzjoni ta’ Simone Inguanez – Ma kellniex triq oħra ta’ Roman Simic, traduzzjoni ta’ Immanuel Mifsud – Mediterran ta’ Cruciani Valerio, traduzzjoni ta’ Antoine Cassar.peer-reviewe

Panta Rhei benchmark dataset: socio-hydrological data of paired events of floods and droughts

As the adverse impacts of hydrological extremes increase in many regions of the world, a better understanding of the drivers of changes in risk and impacts is essential for effective flood and drought risk management and climate adaptation. However, there is currently a lack of comprehensive, empirical data about the processes, interactions and feedbacks in complex human-water systems leading to flood and drought impacts. Here we present a benchmark dataset containing socio-hydrological data of paired events, i.e., two floods or two droughts that occurred in the same area. The 45 paired events occurred in 42 different study areas and cover a wide range of socio-economic and hydro-climatic conditions. The dataset is unique in covering both floods and droughts, in the number of cases assessed, and in the quantity of socio-hydrological data. The benchmark dataset comprises: 1) detailed review style reports about the events and key processes between the two events of a pair; 2) the key data table containing variables that assess the indicators which characterise management shortcomings, hazard, exposure, vulnerability and impacts of all events; 3) a table of the indicators-of-change that indicate the differences between the first and second event of a pair. The advantages of the dataset are that it enables comparative analyses across all the paired events based on the indicators-of-change and allows for detailed context- and location-specific assessments based on the extensive data and reports of the individual study areas. The dataset can be used by the scientific community for exploratory data analyses e.g. focused on causal links between risk management, changes in hazard, exposure and vulnerability and flood or drought impacts. The data can also be used for the development, calibration and validation of socio-hydrological models. The dataset is available to the public through the GFZ Data Services (Kreibich et al. 2023, link for review: https://dataservices.gfz-potsdam.de/panmetaworks/review/923c14519deb04f83815ce108b48dd2581d57b90ce069bec9c948361028b8c85/).</p

Famílies botàniques de plantes medicinals

Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona. Ensenyament: Grau de Farmàcia, Assignatura: Botànica Farmacèutica, Curs: 2013-2014, Coordinadors: Joan Simon, Cèsar Blanché i Maria Bosch.Els materials que aquí es presenten són els recull de 175 treballs d’una família botànica d’interès medicinal realitzats de manera individual. Els treballs han estat realitzat per la totalitat dels estudiants dels grups M-2 i M-3 de l’assignatura Botànica Farmacèutica durant els mesos d’abril i maig del curs 2013-14. Tots els treballs s’han dut a terme a través de la plataforma de GoogleDocs i han estat tutoritzats pel professor de l’assignatura i revisats i finalment co-avaluats entre els propis estudiants. L’objectiu principal de l’activitat ha estat fomentar l’aprenentatge autònom i col·laboratiu en Botànica farmacèutica

Claves del presente y futuro del ensayo

¿Qué debe reunir un ensayo para ser publicado? ¿Por qué títulos como El infinito en un junco arrasan? ¿Sobrevivirá el género a los nuevos medios de divulgación? En esta conversación, moderada por Estrella Montolío, catedrática de lengua española, Ofelia Grande, editora y consejera delegada de Siruela, Jordi Gracia, subdirector de Opinión de El País y catedrático de literatura española, Clara Grima, profesora de matemática aplicada y fenómeno superventas, y Antón Costas, consejero de Estado y presidente del Consejo Económico y Social, catedrático de economía y autor de una prolífica obra como ensayista y columnista, responden a estas y otras preguntas acerca de la forma, el fondo y el futuro de la divulgación científica

Física y Química : bachillerato de ciencias primer curso

En cubierta: Reforma de las enseñanzas medias 2õ ciclo y Materiales de uso internoSe presenta el temario de la asignaturas de Física y Química de Bachillerato de ciencias desde una perspectiva constructivista. Se incluyen ejercicios, problemas y actividades para su desarrollo en clase.ValenciaBiblioteca de Educación del Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte; Calle San Agustín 5 -3 Planta; 28014 Madrid; Tel. +34917748000; [email protected]

Guia per a l'abordatge de la insuficiència cardíaca

Insuficiència cardíaca; Tractament; RecomanacionsInsuficiencia cardíaca; Tratamiento; RecomendacionesHeart failure; Treatment; RecommendationsAquest document aporta una revisió acurada del coneixement científic actualment disponible sobre la insuficiència cardíaca, i el tradueix en recomanacions per a la pràctica diària. Pel seu contingut docent, la Guia constitueix també un valuós document per facilitar l’adquisició de competències clíniques que ha de caracteritzar el desenvolupament dels professionals de l’Institut Català de la Salut