Molecular Hydrogen emission from disks in the eta Chamaeleontis cluster

Disks in the 6 Myr old cluster eta Chamaeleontis were searched for emission from hot H2. Around the M3 star ECHAJ0843.3-7905 we detect circumstellar gas orbiting at ~2 AU. If the gas is UV-excited, the ro-vibrational line traces a hot gas layer supported by a disk of mass ~0.03Msolar, similar to the minimum mass solar nebula. Such a gas reservoir at 6 Myr would promote the formation and inwards migration of gas giant planets.Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRAS. 9 page

Detecting a rotation in the epsilon Eridani debris disc

The evidence for a rotation of the epsilon Eridani debris disc is examined. Data at 850 micron wavelength were previously obtained using the Submillimetre Common User Bolometer Array (SCUBA) over periods in 1997-1998 and 2000-2002. By chi-square fitting after shift and rotation operations, images from these two epochs were compared to recover proper motion and orbital motion of the disc. The same procedures were then performed on simulated images to estimate the accuracy of the results. Minima in the chi-square plots indicate a motion of the disc of approximately 0.6'' per year in the direction of the star's proper motion. This underestimates the true value of 1'' per year, implying that some of the structure in the disc region is not associated with epsilon Eridani, originating instead from background galaxies. From the chi-square fitting for orbital motion, a counterclockwise rotation rate of ~2.75 degrees per year is deduced. Comparisons with simulated data in which the disc is not rotating show that noise and background galaxies result in approximately Gaussian fluctuations with a standard deviation +/-1.5 degrees per year. Thus counterclockwise rotation of disc features is supported at approximately a 2-sigma level, after a 4-year time difference. This rate is faster than the Keplerian rate of 0.65 degrees per year for features at ~65 AU from the star, suggesting their motion is tracking a planet inside the dust ring. Future observations with SCUBA-2 can rule out no rotation of the epsilon Eridani dust clumps with ~4-sigma confidence. Assuming a rate of about 2.75 degrees per year, the rotation of the features after a 10-year period could be shown to be >1 degree per year at the 3-sigma level.Comment: 8 pages, 6 figure

The Effects of Multiple Recycles on Wheat Straw Fibers

Ever since the late 1960\u27 s, the concern for finding suitable replacements to wood fibers within a paper making medium has been one of the focuses for the industry. At the current time, there are only a limited amount of mills that actually utilize non-wood fibers in order to satisfy the demand for paper within developing countries. Much of the use of non-wood fibers stems from the fact that there are only limited amounts of suitable woody raw materials available to sustain their paper industry. Also, areas that dispose of their agricultural resdiues by burning the remaining stalks is starting to be discouraged. The end result is that non-wood fibers pose an interesting question to North American recycle mills which normally reject these grades of paper. In the coming years, the need to use grades of paper that contain non-wood fibers will increase in order to minimize the waste generated by their disposal. Therefore, a need to increase the knowledge of how non-wood fibers will influence paper strength properties through multiple recycles must be investigated. Through this research project, the strength properties over four recycles were evaluated for paper which contained only softwood fibers and a mixture of softwood and wheat straw fibers. Also, handsheets that contained only wheat straw fibers were produced as a standard of comparison. Through each of the recycles, the addition of wheat straw fibers proved not to detract from the paper strength properties

Co-located wave and offshore wind farms: A preliminary approach to the shadow effect

In recent years, with the consolidation of offshore wind technology and the progress carried out for wave energy technology, the option of combine both technologies has arisen. This combination rest mainly in two main reasons: in one hand, to increase the sustainability of both energies by means of a more rational harnessing of the natural resources; in the other hand, to reduce the costs of both technologies by sharing some of the most important costs of an offshore project. In addition to these two powerful reasons there are a number of technology synergies between wave and wind systems which makes their combination even more suitable. Co-located projects are one of the alternatives to combine wave-wind systems, and it is specially for these project were so-called shadow effect synergy becomes meaningful. In particular, this paper deals with the co-location of Wave Energy Conversion (WEC) technologies into a conventional offshore wind farm. More specifically, an overtopping type of WEC technology was considered in this work to study the effects of its co-location with a conventional offshore wind park. This study aims to give a preliminary approach to the shadow effect and its implications for both wave and offshore wind energies

CO-LOCATED WAVE AND OFFSHORE WIND FARMS: A PRELIMINARY CASE STUDY OF AN HYBRID ARRAY

In recent years, with the consolidation of offshore wind technology and the progress carried out for wave energy technology, the option of co-locate both technologies at the same marine area has arisen. Co-located projects are a combined solution to tackle the shared challenge of reducing technology costs or a more sustainable use of the natural resources. In particular, this paper deals with the co-location of Wave Energy Conversion (WEC) technologies into a conventional offshore wind farm. More specifically, an overtopping type of WEC technology was considered in this work to study the effects of its co-location with a conventional offshore wind park

Triple trouble for XZ Tau : deep imaging with the Jansky Very Large Array

DF gratefully acknowledges support from STFC grant ST/J001422/1. RJI acknowledges support in the form of ERC Advanced Investigator programme, cosmicism. EI acknowledges funding from CONICYT/FONDECYT postdoctoral project no.: 3130504.We present new observations of the XZ Tau system made at high angular resolution (55 mas) with the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA) at a wavelength of 7 mm. Observations of XZ Tau made with the VLA in 2004 appeared to show a triple-star system, with XZ Tau A resolved into two sources, XZ Tau A and XZ Tau C. The angular separation of XZ Tau A and C (0.09 arcsec) suggested a projected orbital separation of around 13 au with a possible orbital period of around 40 yr. Our follow-up observations were obtained approximately 8 yr later, a fifth of this putative orbital period, and should therefore allow us to constrain the orbital parameters of XZ Tau C, and evaluate the possibility that a recent periastron passage of C coincided with the launch of extended optical outflows from XZ Tau A. Despite improved sensitivity and resolution, as compared with the 2004 observations, we find no evidence of XZ Tau C in our data. Components A and B are detected with a signal-to-noise ratio greater than 10; their orbital motions are consistent with previous studies of the system, although the emission from XZ Tau A appears to be weaker. Three possible interpretations are offered: either XZ Tau C is transiting XZ Tau A, which is broadly consistent with the periastron passage hypothesis, or the emission seen in 2004 was that of a transient, or XZ Tau C does not exist. A fourth interpretation, that XZ Tau C was ejected from the system, is dismissed due to the lack of angular momentum redistribution in the orbits of XZ Tau A and XZ Tau B that would result from such an event. Transients are rare but cannot be ruled out in a T Tauri system known to exhibit variable behaviour. Our observations are insufficient to distinguish between the remaining possibilities, at least not until we obtain further VLA observations at a sufficiently later time. A further non-detection would allow us to reject the transit hypothesis, and the periastron passage of XZ Tau C as agent of XZ Tau A's outflows.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

‘Our Global Family’: Using Storytelling to Develop Compassion and Acceptance of Cultural Others in Primary School Pupils

The aim of this project was to develop a teaching model that develops understanding, acceptance and compassion amongst primary school pupils towards others, particularly refugees and migrants