Protecting private information in event processing systems

With the increasing number of sensors and smart objects in our daily use, the Internet of Things (IoT) becomes realistic. Thereby, modern applications like "e-health applications" or "smart homes" join our everyday life. These applications have the capability to detect situations of the real world and react to them. Complex Event Processing (CEP) systems can detect such occurring situations, which are in the form of event patterns, efficiently. Besides many benefits which such applications entail, it should not be forgotten that they have a huge impact on privacy. Therefore, it is important that a user has the possibility to decide on his own which complex information he wants to share and which not. This thesis presents a pattern-based access control algorithm which tries to conceal all privacy information in an event stream without destroying the public information. The idea is to reorder a specific set of events of the event stream in such a way that patterns which would result in privacy violations do not longer occur. The evaluation shows that a reorganization of events is possible in many cases without loss of public information.Das Internet der Dinge (InD) wird mit zunehmender Anzahl von Sensoren und "Smart Objekten" im täglichen Gebrauch immer realistischer. Dadurch erhalten neuartige Anwendungen wie "E-Health Applikationen" oder "Smart Homes" Einzug in unseren Alltag. Diese Anwendungen besitzen die Fähigkeit, Situationen aus der realen Welt zu erkennen und entsprechend darauf zu reagieren. Complex Event Processing (CEP) Systeme können solche auftretenden Situationen effizient in Form von Ereignismustern erkennen. Neben den vielen Vorteilen, die solche Anwendungen mit sich bringen, sollte jedoch nicht vergessen werden, dass sie einen immensen Eingriff in die Privatsphäre vornehmen. Daher ist es wichtig, Nutzern die Möglichkeit zu bieten selbst zu entscheiden, welche ihrer komplexen Informationen geteilt werden sollen und welche nicht. Diese Masterarbeit stellt einen musterbasierten Algorithmus vor, welcher versucht alle privaten Informationen in einem Ereignisstrom zu verschleiern ohne dabei die öffentlichen Informationen zu zerstören. Die Idee ist, ausgewählte Ereignisse des Ereignisstroms so umzustellen, dass bestimmte Muster, welche eine Verletzung der Privatsphäre zur Folge hätten, nicht mehr auftreten. Die Evaluierung zeigt, dass in vielen Fällen eine Umstellung von Ereignissen ohne Verlust von öffentlichen Informationen möglich ist

Dynamics of glutamatergic signaling in the mushroom body of young adult Drosophila

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The mushroom bodies (MBs) are paired brain centers located in the insect protocerebrum involved in olfactory learning and memory and other associative functions. Processes from the Kenyon cells (KCs), their intrinsic neurons, form the bulk of the MB's calyx, pedunculus and lobes. In young adult <it>Drosophila</it>, the last-born KCs extend their processes in the α/β lobes as a thin core (α/β cores) that is embedded in the surrounding matrix of other mature KC processes. A high level of L-glutamate (Glu) immunoreactivity is present in the α/β cores (α/βc) of recently eclosed adult flies. In a <it>Drosophila </it>model of fragile X syndrome, the main cause of inherited mental retardation, treatment with metabotropic Glu receptor (mGluR) antagonists can rescue memory deficits and MB structural defects.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>To address the role of Glu signaling in the development and maturation of the MB, we have compared the time course of Glu immunoreactivity with the expression of various glutamatergic markers at various times, that is, 1 hour, 1 day and 10 days after adult eclosion. We observed that last-born α/βc KCs in young adult as well as developing KCs in late larva and at various pupal stages transiently express high level of Glu immunoreactivity in <it>Drosophila</it>. One day after eclosion, the Glu level was already markedly reduced in the α/βc neurons. Glial cell processes expressing glutamine synthetase and the Glu transporter dEAAT1 were found to surround the Glu-expressing KCs in very young adults, subsequently enwrapping the α/β lobes to become distributed equally over the entire MB neuropil. The vesicular Glu transporter DVGluT was detected by immunostaining in processes that project within the MB lobes and pedunculus, but this transporter is apparently never expressed by the KCs themselves. The NMDA receptor subunit dNR1 is widely expressed in the MB neuropil just after eclosion, but was not detected in the α/βc neurons. In contrast, we provide evidence that DmGluRA, the only <it>Drosophila </it>mGluR, is specifically expressed in Glu-accumulating cells of the MB α/βc immediately and for a short time after eclosion.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The distribution and dynamics of glutamatergic markers indicate that newborn KCs transiently accumulate Glu at a high level in late pupal and young eclosed <it>Drosophila</it>, and may locally release this amino acid by a mechanism that would not involve DVGluT. At this stage, Glu can bind to intrinsic mGluRs abundant in the α/βc KCs, and to NMDA receptors in the rest of the MB neuropil, before being captured and metabolized in surrounding glial cells. This suggests that Glu acts as an autocrine or paracrine agent that contributes to the structural and functional maturation of the MB during the first hours of <it>Drosophila </it>adult life.</p

3D-TV Production from Conventional Cameras for Sports Broadcast

3DTV production of live sports events presents a challenging problem involving conflicting requirements of main- taining broadcast stereo picture quality with practical problems in developing robust systems for cost effective deployment. In this paper we propose an alternative approach to stereo production in sports events using the conventional monocular broadcast cameras for 3D reconstruction of the event and subsequent stereo rendering. This approach has the potential advantage over stereo camera rigs of recovering full scene depth, allowing inter-ocular distance and convergence to be adapted according to the requirements of the target display and enabling stereo coverage from both existing and ‘virtual’ camera positions without additional cameras. A prototype system is presented with results of sports TV production trials for rendering of stereo and free-viewpoint video sequences of soccer and rugby

Plant Insecticide L-Canavanine Repels Drosophila via the Insect Orphan GPCR DmX

An orphan G-protein-coupled gustatory receptor mediates detection of the plant poison L-canavanine in fruit flies

Result from evaluation of 4D trajectory management with contract-of-objectives

Contract-of-Objectives (CoO) is designed in the context of trajectory-based Air Traffic Management (ATM), using mutually agreed objectives between Air Traffic Control (ATC), airlines and airports. This paper provides an overview of the foreseen validation of CoO and discusses the results of the first Human-in-the-Loop (HIL) evaluation of the concept of operations using CoO between Air Traffic Controllers (ATCos). This HIL real time evaluation is carried out in October 2008 in SkyGuide premises in Geneva, Switzerland. Measurements on system performance (i.e., Safety, Efficiency, and Capacity) as well as Human performances (i.e., workload, Situation Awareness, and acceptability) were collected and analyzed. Results show that ATCos are positive with the concept of operations, and they do agree on the principle of flying what were “planned, agreed and negotiated” on the planning phase as opposed to “first come, first served”. Results of the evaluations also show that CoO can be applied to 2008 and 2020 traffic level in Europe without any impact on System Safety

An improved method for isolation of microvascular endothelial cells from normal and inflamed human lung

Summary: Microvascular endothelial cells (MVEC), which differ from large vessel endothelial cells, have been isolated successfully from lungs of various species, including man. However, contamination by nonendothelial cells remains a major problem in spite of several technical improvements. In view of the organ specificity of MVEC, endothelial cells should be derived from the tissue involved in the diseases one wishes to study. Therefore, to investigate some of the immunopathological mechanisms leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), we have attempted to isolate lung MVEC from patients undergoing thoracic surgery for lung carcinoma and patients dying of ARDS. The method described here includes four main steps: (1) full digestion of pulmonary tissue with trypsin and collagenase, (2) aggregation of MVEC induced by human plasma, (3) Percoll density centrifugation, and (4) selection and transfer of MVEC after local digestion with trypsin/EDTA under light microscopy. Normal and ARDS-derived lung MVEC purified by this technique presented contact inhibition (i.e., grew in monolayer), and expressed classical endothelial markers, including von Willebrand factor (vWF), platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1(PECAM-1, CD31), and transcripts for the angiogensin converting enzyme (ACE). The cells also formed capillarylike structures, took up high levels of acetylated low-density lipoprotein (Ac-LDL), and exhibited ELAM-1 inducibility in response to TNF. Contaminant cells, such as fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells, or pericytes, were easily recognized on the basis of morphology and were eliminated by selection of plasma-aggregated cells under light microscopy. The technique presented here allows one to study the specific involvement and contribution of pulmonary endothelium in various lung disease

Symmetry and random sampling of symmetry independent configurations for the simulation of disordered solids

A symmetry-adapted algorithm producing uniformly at random the set of symmetry independent configurations (SICs) in disordered crystalline systems or solid solutions is presented here. Starting from Pólya's formula, the role of the conjugacy classes of the symmetry group in uniform random sampling is shown. SICs can be obtained for all the possible compositions or for a chosen one, and symmetry constraints can be applied. The approach yields the multiplicity of the SICs and allows us to operate configurational statistics in the reduced space of the SICs. The present low-memory demanding implementation is briefly sketched. The probability of finding a given SIC or a subset of SICs is discussed as a function of the number of draws and their precise estimate is given. The method is illustrated by application to a binary series of carbonates and to the binary spinel solid solution Mg(Al,Fe)2O4

On the use of symmetry in configurational analysis for the simulation of disordered solids

The starting point for a quantum mechanical investigation of disordered systems usually implies calculations on a limited subset of configurations, generated by defining either the composition of interest or a set of compositions ranging from one end member to another, within an appropriate supercell of the primitive cell of the pure compound. The way in which symmetry can be used in the identification of symmetry independent configurations (SICs) is discussed here. First, Pólya's enumeration theory is adopted to determine the number of SICs, in the case of both varying and fixed composition, for colors numbering two or higher. Then, De Bruijn's generalization is presented, which allows analysis of the case where the colors are symmetry related, e.g. spin up and down in magnetic systems. In spite of their efficiency in counting SICs, neither Pólya's nor De Bruijn's theory helps in solving the difficult problem of identifying the complete list of SICs. Representative SICs are obtained by adopting an orderly generation approach, based on lexicographic ordering, which offers the advantage of avoiding the (computationally expensive) analysis and storage of all the possible configurations. When the number of colors increases, this strategy can be combined with the surjective resolution principle, which permits the efficient generation of SICs of a problem in |R| colors starting from the ones obtained for the (|R| − 1)-colors case. The whole scheme is documented by means of three examples: the abstract case of a square with C4v symmetry and the real cases of the garnet and olivine mineral families