A Filosofia vai à cheche : construção de uma comunidade de investigação filosófica com crianças até aos 3 anos

Dissertação de Mestrado, Filosofia para Crianças, 13 de julho de 2021.Até há pouco tempo, a Filosofia tem-se mantido afastada da criança, e vice-versa. Se nos posicionarmos perante uma abordagem pedagógica e antropológica, a ideia de juntar a Filosofia e a infância pode mesmo continuar distante pois se, para uns, a capacidade de questionamento e perplexidade são naturais e espontâneas na criança, para outros, a capacidade de raciocínio necessária ao pensamento filosófico ainda está dependente de uma certa maturidade que, neste caso, ela ainda não atingiu. Mas como perceber se as crianças, na sua forma espontânea de ser, serão capazes de exercer um pensamento filosófico de indagação e questionamento, que se traduz como a ferramenta fundamental da Filosofia? A partir de uma prática profissional, como Educadora de Infância em contexto de creche, e também na qualidade de aluna do Mestrado em Filosofia para Crianças, este estudo investiga se serão as crianças em contexto de creche capazes de desenvolver habilidades e competências que lhes permitam constituir-se em Comunidade de Investigação Filosófica. Paralelamente, o trabalho realizado levou-nos a problematizar se a prática filosófica com crianças em contexto de creche pode trazer algum desafio ao próprio conceito de “comunidade de investigação filosófica” e aos seus pressupostos. Tentamos então, compreender quais os pressupostos do conceito de Comunidade de Investigação Filosófica, tal como foi pensado por Matthew Lipman e Ann Sharp, quando aplicado ao contexto de creche. Através da observação, na prática, do modo como crianças até aos 3 anos podem responder a esses pressupostos, e através da construção de Comunidade de Investigação Filosófica, explorámos os desafios que as crianças em contexto de Creche colocam à prática filosófica, verificando de que modo esse exercício pode permitir (re)pensar o próprio conceito de Comunidade de Investigação. Para justificar o tema da dissertação, relembramos o convite que Lipman lança à Filosofia para que olhe a infância de uma forma inovadora, através de uma abordagem dialógica que promove a investigação de questões ou perguntas, e oferece um leque de instrumentos dialógicos que facilitam o pensamento. Isto faz com que a presente investigação nos conduza à origem do conceito de Comunidade de Investigação Filosófica, infraestrutura pedagógica, epistemológica, ética, estética e política presente em algumas abordagens ao trabalho filosófico com as crianças. Além disso o texto conduz a leituras contemporâneas do conceito, perante uma abordagem sobre a prática facilitadora do pensar de forma livre e autorregulada. Através das múltiplas competências que promove, tenciona-se perceber até que ponto a prática da Comunidade de Investigação pode ser um meio por excelência para que a criança explore filosoficamente o seu pensamento. O presente estudo, para além do trabalho hermenêutico de análise e interpretação de textos, trata uma investigação de carácter exploratório, com a adoção de uma metodologia qualitativa.ABSTRACT: Until recently Philosophy has been kept away from children and vice versa. If we take a pedagogical and anthropological approach, the idea of bringing Philosophy and childhood together may even remain distant because if for some the capacity for questioning and perplexity are natural and spontaneous in the child, for others the capacity for reasoning necessary for philosophical thought is still dependent on a certain maturity that, in this case, the child has not reached yet. But how can we perceive if children in their own spontaneous way will be able to exercise a philosophical thought of inquiry and questioning which translates as the fundamental tool of Philosophy? From a professional practice and point of view, as a Kindergarten teacher in a creche context, and also as a Master Degree Student, this study investigates whether children in a creche context are capable of developing skills and competencies that allow them to constitute a Philosophical Research Community. At the same time this study has led us to problematize whether a philosophical practice with children in a creche context may bring a challenge to the very concept of Philosophical Research Community and its assumptions. This is an attempt to understand which the assumptions of the Philosophical Research Community concept are, in a creche context, as it was created and developed by Matthew Lipman and Ann Sharp. In practice by observing how children up to three years of age may respond to these assumptions and by creating a Philosophical Research Community, we explore the challenges that children in a creche context experience towards philosophical practice, verifying how this exercise can allow a (re)thinking of the proper concept of Research Community. To justify the dissertation topic, we recall Lipman´s invitation to Philosophy to look at childhood in an innovative way, through a dialogical approach that promotes the investigation of questions or issues and offers a range of dialogical tools that facilitate thinking. This leads us to the origin of the Philosophical Research Community concept, pedagogical, epistemological, ethical, aesthetic and political infrastructure present in some approaches to philosophical work with children. In addition, the text leads to a contemporary understanding of the concept, facing a practical approach that facilitates thinking in a free and self-regulated way. Through multiple skills that it promotes, the intention is to find out to what extend the Philosophical Research Community practice may be an excellent way for the child to explore its philosophical thinking. This study, besides the hermeneutic work of analysis and interpretation of texts, deals with an exploratory investigation with the adoption of a qualitative methodology

Infancias y autonomías: condicionantes de la movilidad independiente en el Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires

El propósito de este trabajo es caracterizar la movilidad independiente de niños y adolescentes en el Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires, Argentina. A partir de la Encuesta de Movilidad Domiciliaria realizada en este aglomerado urbano entre 2009 y 2010, se describen para niños y adolescentes la frecuencia con que se desplazaron en forma independiente y las principales razones y modos en que lo hicieron. El análisis se organiza a través de tres dimensiones de la movilidad: la realizada por motivos educativos, aquella para la socialización, y la orientada a la organización diaria. La autonomía en la movilidad es caracterizada en forma descriptiva y por medio de modelos de regresión logística. Como resultado de ello, se distinguen diferencias según posición social, así como cambios en los patrones de movilidad por sexo y a lo largo del ciclo de vida

Comparative 16SrDNA Gene-Based Microbiota Profiles of the Pacific Oyster (Crassostrea gigas) and the Mediterranean Mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) from a Shellfish Farm (Ligurian Sea, Italy)

The pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas and the Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis are two widely farmed bivalve species which show contrasting behaviour in relation to microbial diseases, with C. gigas being more susceptible and M. galloprovincialis being generally resistant. In a recent study, we showed that different susceptibility to infection exhibited by these two bivalve species may depend on their different capability to kill invading pathogens (e.g., Vibrio spp.) through the action of haemolymph components. Specific microbial-host interactions may also impact bivalve microbiome structure and further influence susceptibility/resistance to microbial diseases. To further investigate this concept, a comparative study of haemolymph and digestive gland 16SrDNA gene-based bacterial microbiota profiles in C. gigas and M. galloprovincialis co-cultivated at the same aquaculture site was carried out using pyrosequencing. Bacterial communities associated with bivalve tissues (hemolymph and digestive gland) were significantly different from those of seawater, and were dominated by relatively few genera such as Vibrio and Pseudoalteromonas. In general, Vibrio accounted for a larger fraction of the microbiota in C. gigas (on average 1.7-fold in the haemolymph) compared to M. galloprovincialis, suggesting that C. gigas may provide better conditions for survival for these bacteria, including potential pathogenic species such as V. aestuarianus. Vibrios appeared to be important members of C. gigas and M. galloprovincialis microbiota and might play a contrasting role in health and disease of bivalve species. Accordingly, microbiome analyses performed on bivalve specimens subjected to commercial depuration highlighted the ineffectiveness of such practice in removing Vibrio species from bivalve tissues

Vibrio cholerae interactions with Mytilus galloprovincialis hemocytes mediated by serum components

Edible bivalves (e.g., mussels, oysters) can accumulate large amount of bacteria in their tissues and act as passive carriers of pathogens to humans. Bacterial persistence inside bivalves depends, at least in part, on hemolymph anti-bacterial activity that is exerted by both serum soluble factors and phagocytic cells (i.e., the hemocytes). It was previously shown that Mytilus galloprovincialis hemolymph serum contains opsonins that mediate D-mannose-sensitive interactions between hemocytes and Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor bacteria that carry the mannose-sensitive hemagglutinin (MSHA). These opsonins enhance phagocytosis and killing of vibrios by facilitating their binding to hemocytes. Since V. cholerae strains not carrying the MSHA ligand (O1 classical, non-O1/O139) are present in coastal water and can be entrapped by mussels, we studied whether in mussel serum, in addition to opsonins directed toward MSHA, other components can mediate opsonization of these bacteria. By comparing interactions of O1 classical and non-O1/O139 strains with hemocytes in artificial sea water and serum, it was found that M. galloprovincialis serum contains components that increase by at approximately twofold their adhesion to, association with, and killing by hemocytes. Experiments conducted with high and low molecular mass fractions obtained by serum ultrafiltration indicated that these compounds have molecular mass higher than 5000 Da. Serum exposure to high temperature (80°C) abolished its opsonizing capability suggesting that the involved serum active components are of protein nature. Further studies are needed to define the chemical properties and specificity of both the involved bacterial ligands and hemolymph opsonins. This information will be central not only to better understand V. cholerae ecology, but also to improve current bivalve depuration practices and properly protect human health

gbpA as a Novel qPCR Target for the Species-Specific Detection of Vibrio cholerae O1, O139, Non-O1/Non-O139 in Environmental, Stool, and Historical Continuous Plankton Recorder Samples

The Vibrio cholerae N-acetyl glucosamine-binding protein A (GbpA) is a chitin-binding protein involved in V . cholerae attachment to environmental chitin surfaces and human intestinal cells. We previously investigated the distribution and genetic variations of gbpA in a large collection of V . cholerae strains and found that the gene is consistently present and highly conserved in this species. Primers and probe were designed from the gbpA sequence of V . cholerae and a new Taq-based qPCR protocol was developed for diagnostic detection and quantification of the bacterium in environmental and stool samples. In addition, the positions of primers targeting the gbpA gene region were selected to obtain a short amplified fragment of 206 bp and the protocol was optimized for the analysis of formalin-fixed samples, such as historical Continuous Plankton Recorder (CPR) samples. Overall, the method is sensitive (50 gene copies), highly specific for V . cholerae and failed to amplify strains of the closely-related species Vibrio mimicus . The sensitivity of the assay applied to environmental and stool samples spiked with V . cholerae ATCC 39315 was comparable to that of pure cultures and was of 10 2 genomic units/l for drinking and seawater samples, 10 1 genomic units/g for sediment and 10 2 genomic units/g for bivalve and stool samples. The method also performs well when tested on artificially formalin-fixed and degraded genomic samples and was able to amplify V . cholerae DNA in historical CPR samples, the earliest of which date back to August 1966. The detection of V . cholerae in CPR samples collected in cholera endemic areas such as the Benguela Current Large Marine Ecosystem (BCLME) is of particular significance and represents a proof of concept for the possible use of the CPR technology and the developed qPCR assay in cholera studies

La represa como instrumento en una política pública innovadora

La presente propuesta consiste en la tecnificación de una represa tradicional usada para el almacenamiento de las escorrentías estivales propias de los llanos riojanos, destinada a la provisión de agua potable para 1000 habitantes bajo una dotación de 250 l/habitante/día.EEA La RiojaFil: Grande, Andrés. Secretaría de Agricultura Familiar, Campesina e Indígena (SAFCI), La Rioja; ArgentinaFil: Mendez, Carla Rebeca. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria La Rioja. Agencia de Extensión Rural Chepes; ArgentinaFil: Mena, Ramiro. Municipio Chepes, La Rioja; ArgentinaFil: Pereyra, Diego Iván. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria La Rioja; Argentin

Producción de hortalizas y huevos en el árido riojano: una mirada económico-social

Las hortalizas y los huevos son alimentos básicos que es recomendable consumir a diario. En los llanos riojanos su producción es escasa, principalmente para autoconsumo. Esto conlleva a que dichos productos tengan que importarse de provincias vecinas elevando sus costos económicos y energéticos. En términos relativos, esta situación determina un incremento en la huella carbono de estos y un detrimento sustancial de la soberanía alimentaria Llanista. Esta situación nos lleva a preguntarnos: ¿ es posible producir alimentos en el árido riojano ? ¿ será factible que además sea rentable y genere empleo estable ? ¿ es imaginable incluso que el Estado pudiera recuperar la inversión apoyando estas iniciativas ?. Para echar luz sobre estos interrogantes hemos generado una propuesta de un módulo de represa-huerta-gallinerolombricario suponiendo una inversión estatal y realizando la correspondiente evaluación económica y financiera.EEA La RiojaFil: Mendez, Carla Rebeca. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria La Rioja. Agencia de Extensión Rural Chepes; ArgentinaFil: Grande, Andrés Iván. Secretaría de Agricultura Familiar, Campesina e Indígena (SAFCI), La Rioja; ArgentinaFil: Pereyra, Diego Iván. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria La Rioja; ArgentinaFil: Rameri, Ana María. Central de Trabajadores de la Argentina. Instituto de Pensamiento y Políticas Públicas; Argentin

Whole-genome enrichment provides deep insights into Vibrio cholerae metagenome from an African river

The detection and typing of Vibrio cholerae in natural aquatic environments encounter major methodological challenges related to the fact that the bacterium is often present in environmental matrices at very low abundance in nonculturable state. This study applied, for the first time to our knowledge, a whole-genome enrichment (WGE) and next generation sequencing (NGS) approach for direct genotyping and metagenomic analysis of low abundant V. cholerae DNA (<50 genome unit/L) from natural water collected in the Morogoro river (Tanzania). The protocol is based on the use of biotinylated RNA baits for target enrichment of V. cholerae metagenomic DNA via hybridization. An enriched V. cholerae metagenome library was generated and sequenced on a Illumina MiSeq platform. Up to 1.8X107 bp (4.5x mean read depth) were found to map against V. cholerae reference genome sequences representing an increase of about 2500 times in target DNA coverage compared to theoretical calculations of performance for shotgun metagenomics. Analysis of metagenomic data revealed the presence of several V. cholerae virulence and virulence associated genes in river water including major virulence regions (e.g. CTX prophage and Vibrio pathogenicity island-1) and genetic markers of epidemic strains (e.g. O1-antigen biosynthesis gene cluster) that were not detectable by standard culture and molecular techniques. Overall, besides providing a powerful tool for direct genotyping of V. cholerae in complex environmental matrices this study provides a \u201cproof of concept\u201d on the methodological gap that might currently preclude a more comprehensive understanding of toxigenic V. cholerae emergence from natural aquatic environments

The Grizzly, December 4, 1987

Get a Grip on Handel • Aggressive Couple to Move • Letter: USGA Concerned with Fund Allocation • Wismer Move Official • Christmas Festivities Planned for Campus • Musser Plans Dinner • Ursinus Campus: Not What it Used to Be • Matters Successful • New Attitude Turns Ladies\u27 Fortune • Ursinus Welcomes Chang Back to College Campus • New Club in Spring • Home Streak Making Hoopla • Take a Realistic Look at the Job Market • All-American Honors for Field Hockey\u27s Dicton and Johnson • V-Baller Honored • Gymnasts Open Season • Scholars Gain All-ECAC • Walk This Way, Says Davidson • Concert Last in Forum Series • Don we Now Our Football Apparel • Dee Shares Business Ventures • Springsteen Sings In New Style • Limited Firebreathing for Lionarons\u27 Dragons • Final Exam Schedulehttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/grizzlynews/1201/thumbnail.jp