Prenatal buprenorphine exposure reduces expression of myelin proteins in neonatal longs-Evans rat

In the USA and especially in WV, there has been a surge in the rise of opioid use disorder (OUD), and with it a rise in neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS). What makes this rise in NAS so unfortunate is that the Medications for OUD (MOUD) do not prevent the development of NAS. Although the relationship between MOUD and NAS is still unclear, it is thought that buprenorphine, one of the main substances used to treat OUD in pregnant women, may feed into the development of NAS, which may affect mental and physiological development and cause other health problems. Via understanding the developmental impact of NAS, we hope to pave the way for future NAS treatments and a brighter future for the children of the USA. The central hypothesis of this proposal is that developmental issues caused by prenatal buprenorphine exposure are due to reduced expression of white matter development proteins, such as NG2 and MBP, and changes in neuronal proteins such as Kif5A, and that these changes cause deficits in the white matter parts of the brain. To study this hypothesis, we used a rat in utero buprenorphine exposure model to investigate the impact of this opioid on the post-natal time course of protein expression in two white matter tracts, the optic nerve and cerebellum. Preliminary Western blot analysis indicates that there is a significant interaction between post-natal age and treatment for multiple proteins involved in myelination. Both white matter tracks also showed significant increases of KiF5A late in post-natal development. This data indicates that in utero buprenorphine impacts white matter development promoting a change in the protein expression timelines. If these developmental changes are maintained throughout the life span, they could explain some of the issues associated with the long-term impact of NAS

Ueber die Einwirkung des Zinkes und seiner Salze auf das Blut : Inaugural-Dissertation zur Erlangung des Grades eines Doctors der Medicin

http://tartu.ester.ee/record=b2290607~S1*es

The Psychological Science Accelerator: Advancing Psychology through a Distributed Collaborative Network

Concerns have been growing about the veracity of psychological research. Many findings in psychological science are based on studies with insufficient statistical power and nonrepresentative samples, or may otherwise be limited to specific, ungeneralizable settings or populations. Crowdsourced research, a type of large-scale collaboration in which one or more research projects are conducted across multiple lab sites, offers a pragmatic solution to these and other current methodological challenges. The Psychological Science Accelerator (PSA) is a distributed network of laboratories designed to enable and support crowdsourced research projects. These projects can focus on novel research questions, or attempt to replicate prior research, in large, diverse samples. The PSA’s mission is to accelerate the accumulation of reliable and generalizable evidence in psychological science. Here, we describe the background, structure, principles, procedures, benefits, and challenges of the PSA. In contrast to other crowdsourced research networks, the PSA is ongoing (as opposed to time-limited), efficient (in terms of re-using structures and principles for different projects), decentralized, diverse (in terms of participants and researchers), and inclusive (of proposals, contributions, and other relevant input from anyone inside or outside of the network). The PSA and other approaches to crowdsourced psychological science will advance our understanding of mental processes and behaviors by enabling rigorous research and systematically examining its generalizability

A demonstration of the collaborative replication and education project:Replication attempts of the Red-Romance effect

International audienc

Emerging Adulthood Measured at Multiple Institutions 2: The Data

Collaborators from 32 academic institutions primarily in the United States collected data from emerging adults (N'raw''' = 4220, N'processed' = 3134). Participants completed self-report measures assessing markers of adulthood, IDEA inventory of dimensions of emerging adulthood, subjective well-being, mindfulness, belonging, self-efficacy, disability identity, somatic health, perceived stress, perceived social support, social media use, political affiliation, beliefs about the American dream, interpersonal transgressions, narcissism, interpersonal exploitativeness, beliefs about marriage, and demographics. The data are available at (https://osf.io/qtqpb/) with details about the study and contributors at our main EAMMi2 page (https://osf.io/te54b/). These data may be used to examine new research questions, provide authentic research experiences for students, and provide demonstrations for research and statistics courses

Children infer affiliative and status relations from watching others imitate

Harriet Over was supported by the Economic and Social Research Council (grant number ES/K006702/1).We investigated whether young children are able to infer affiliative relations and relative status from observing others’ imitative interactions. Children watched videos showing one individual imitating another and were asked about the relationship between those individuals. Experiment 1 showed that 5‐year-­olds assume individuals imitate people they like. Experiment 2 showed that children of the same age assume that an individual who imitates is relatively low in status. Thus, although there are many advantages to imitating others, there may also be reputational costs. Younger children, 4-­year-‐olds, did not reliably make either inference. Taken together, these experiments demonstrate that imitation conveys valuable information about third-­‐party relationships and that, at least by the age of five, children are able to use this information in order to infer who is allied with whom and who is dominant over whom. In doing so, they add a new dimension to our understanding of the role of imitation in human social life.PostprintPeer reviewe

An examination of the addition of video informed reflective practice to the active support toolkit

This study evaluated a package of Active Support (AS), which included standard training with additional video informed reflective practice. The training package was implemented as part of a service improvement initiative in four residential intellectual disability homes, using a concurrent multiple baseline across environments design. Training consisted of a one-day workshop, and follow-up coaching. Momentary time sampling was used to measure engagement levels and staff assistance. A new observational tool was piloted to code the presence of positive and negative interactions between staff and the people with intellectual disabilities. Results showed that service user engagement levels and staff assistance increased significantly following the training. There was also a significant increase in positive interactions, and a significant decrease in negative interactions between staff and service users. The implications of these results are discussed

The Psychological Science Accelerator: Advancing Psychology through a Distributed Collaborative Network

Concerns have been growing about the veracity of psychological research. Many findings in psychological science are based on studies with insufficient statistical power and nonrepresentative samples, or may otherwise be limited to specific, ungeneralizable settings or populations. Crowdsourced research, a type of large-scale collaboration in which one or more research projects are conducted across multiple lab sites, offers a pragmatic solution to these and other current methodological challenges. The Psychological Science Accelerator (PSA) is a distributed network of laboratories designed to enable and support crowdsourced research projects. These projects can focus on novel research questions, or attempt to replicate prior research, in large, diverse samples. The PSA\u27s mission is to accelerate the accumulation of reliable and generalizable evidence in psychological science. Here, we describe the background, structure, principles, procedures, benefits, and challenges of the PSA. In contrast to other crowdsourced research networks, the PSA is ongoing (as opposed to time-limited), efficient (in terms of re-using structures and principles for different projects), decentralized, diverse (in terms of participants and researchers), and inclusive (of proposals, contributions, and other relevant input from anyone inside or outside of the network). The PSA and other approaches to crowdsourced psychological science will advance our understanding of mental processes and behaviors by enabling rigorous research and systematically examining its generalizability

Perceptions and Price: Evidence from CEO Presentations at IPO Roadshows

This paper examines the relation between cognitive perceptions of management and firm valuation. We develop a composite measure of investor perception using 30‐second content‐filtered video clips of initial public offering (IPO) roadshow presentations. We show that this measure, designed to capture viewers’ overall perceptions of a CEO, is positively associated with pricing at all stages of the IPO (proposed price, offer price, and end of first day of trading). The result is robust to controls for traditional determinants of firm value. We also show that firms with highly perceived management are more likely to be matched to high‐quality underwriters. In further exploratory analyses, we find the impact is greater for firms with more uncertain language in their written S‐1. Taken together, our results provide evidence that investors’ instinctive perceptions of management are incorporated into their assessments of firm value.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/136541/1/joar12164_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/136541/2/joar12164.pd