Bibliometric Analysis of Turkey’s Research Activity in the Anatomy and Morphology Category from the Web of Science Database

Objective: The measurement of international publication activities is one of the essential indicators used to evaluate the scientific development level of countries. Although many studies are using the bibliometric method in the literature, it is seen that there are very few bibliometric studies in the field of anatomy. This study aimed to analyze the articles bibliometrically which conducted by researchers at institutions from Turkey and indexed in Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-E) of the Web of Science database in the category of Anatomy and Morphology. Materials and Methods: According to 2019 data, journals in the Anatomy and Morphology category and indexed in the SCI-E were determined. Publications from Turkey that were published in these journals was determined. The full-texts of these articles were examined, and study types were defined. Also, VOSviewer software was used to create a collaboration and word co-occurrence network. Results: It was determined that there were 48,002 publications in 21 journals. It was found that 1,461 publications (3.04%) have at least one author from Turkey. The total number of citations was 11,728 for these publications. The average number of citations was 8.02±11.95. The radiological studies have increased statistically more than both experimental animal and cadaveric studies by years. In addition, it has been determined that the total number of articles, especially the radiological studies, has increased significantly over the years. Conclusion: The increase in the number of scientific studies in the field of anatomy is important in terms of the contribution of Turkey to literature in this area

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Taha Toros Arşivi, Dosya Adı: 1939-2000 Atatürk'ü Anma Törenler

The anatomic landmarks of ethmoidal arteries for the surgical approaches

WOS: 000236747300014PubMed ID: 16633176Knowledge of variations in the possible patterns of origins, courses, and distributions of the ethmoidal arteries are necessary for the diagnosis and important for the treatment of orbital disorders. Ethmoidal arteries are damaged in endonasal surgical interventions and in operations performed on the inner wall of the orbita. A description of the anatomic landmarks of the ethmoidal arteries and ethmoidal canals is presented, based on data from microdissection in 19 adult cadavers studied after injection of red-dyed latex into the arterial bed. In all subjects, each of ethmoidal arteries originated from ophthalmic artery. The anterior ethmoidal artery was observed in all specimens except for one case. The diameter of the artery thicker than the posterior ethmoidal artery was 0.92 +/- 0.2 min on the right and 0.88 +/- 0.15 min on the left. The branching of the anterior ethmoidal artery from the ophthalmic artery was determined in four different types. The diameter of the posterior ethmoidal artery was measured as 0.66 +/- 0.21 min on the right and 0.63 +/- 0.19 mm on the left. The anterior ethmoidal canal was located between the second and third lamella in 29 of 38 cases. The mean distance between the limen nasi and anterior ethmoidal canal was 48.1 +/- 3.2 mm. The article confirms the well-known variability of the ethmoidal arteries and their topographic relation to the ethmoidal canals. Advances in surgical techniques, instrumentation, and regional arterial anatomy have resulted in functional operations of endoscopic sinus and orbital surgery with fewer complications

Distal variations of the neurovascular pedicle of the serratus anterior muscle as a flap

WOS: 000228847200004PubMed ID: 15645159The serratus anterior muscle has recently been suggested as a versatile and reliable flap for reconstruction of complex craniofacial and neck lesions, extremity and sacroiliac region injuries, as well as intrathoracic and extrathoracic reconstruction procedures. The muscle has been used as a microvascular flap or a pedicled transfer and has been transferred in combination with other muscles, bones, and skin. We performed 15 dissections of adult axilla regions that were examined under x3.5 loupe magnification to collect anatomic data regarding the neurovascular pedicle of the serratus anterior muscle. The serratus muscle and fascia were found to have a dual blood supply, with the upper part supplied by the lateral thoracic artery and the lower part by terminal branches of the thoracodorsal artery. The lateral thoracic artery was noted to supply the upper four slips but it extended into the lower serratus anterior muscle in two cases. Seven branching patterns were found in the lower serratus anterior muscle. In type I, the only branch of serrati proceeded over the long thoracic nerve. Type II had the only branch of serrati proceeding under the long thoracic nerve. In type III, double branches of serrati proceeded over the long thoracic nerve; while in type IV branches of serrati ran with a double branch under the long thoracic nerve. In type V, three serrati branches proceeded over the long thoracic nerve. Type VI serrati branches were branches of thoracodorsalis, which was hypoplastic, and the supply was maintained from the lateral thoracic artery. In type VII, one serrati branch ran over the long thoracic nerve. There was no connection between the branches of serrati and the branches of the lateral thoracic artery. The length of the long thoracic nerve, the number of motor axons and the vascular network in anatomic proximity to this nerve make it an expendable but powerful source of reconstructions of head, neck, chest wall and extremity defects. Results of this study provide an anatomic framework to improve current reconstructive or aesthetic procedures on the serratus anterior neurovascular structures

Mapping the course of long thoracic nerve

Long thoracic nerve (LTN) injury has been reported after radiotherapy, trauma, patient's position, transaxillary breast augmentation, implantation of transvenous leads, anaesthetic nerve block and transaxillary incision. Denervation of the serratus anterior muscle at LTN injury results in loss of scapular stabilization or winged scapula. LTN injury results in prolonged disability and impact on quality of life for patient and potential medicolegal concerns for the physician. The purposes of this study is to map the course of LTN relative to the scapula and sternum, thereby developing guidelines to aid in the prevention of LTN injuries. The course of the long thoracic nerve were investigated in 15 adult Turkish cadavers. Each cadaver was placed in the transaxillary thoracotomy positions. The LTN was exposed bilaterally in its course from axilla to its penetration into serratus anterior muscle. The nerve courses vertically, gets progressively closer to the anterior border of the scapula. The length of the LTN was measured as 201.4±20.7 mm on the right and 208.6±17 mm on the left. The distance from main trunk to clavicle was 28.8±6.3 mm on the right and 29.8±3.6 mm on the left side. The distance from sternal angle to LTN was measured as 212.4±21 mm on the right and 220.5±27.5 mm on the left. The distance between xiphoid process was 246.5±21.8 mm on the right and 242.8±27.9 mm on the left. The distance from scapul ar rim to LTN was 61.9±10.7 mm on the right and 57.6±13 mm on the left. The length of thickest branch of LTN was 22.6±10.4 mm on the right and 31.4±28.1 mm on the left. The diameter of the thickest branch was 1.6±0.59 mm on the right and 1.63±0.85 mm on the left. The number of side branches was 6.44±2.06 ones on the right and 6.45±2.77 ones on the left side. Bifurcation number of terminal branch of LTN was 2.55±0.72 ones on the right and 2.54±0.68 ones on the left. By using these anatomical guidelines, we believe that the incidence of iatrogenic long thoracic nerve injury can be minimized. © neuroanatomy.org

Anatomy of the sacral hiatus and its clinical relevance in caudal epidural block

WOS: 000408728100001PubMed ID: 28247084Caudal epidural anesthesia (CEB) is widely used for the prevention of chronic lower back pain, the control of intraoperative analgesia such as genitourinary surgery and labor pain cases in sacral epidural space approach for the implementation of analgesia. CEB is an anesthetic solution used into the sacral canal via sacral hiatus (SH). For optimal access into the sacral epidural space, detailed anatomical landmarks of SH are required. This study aims at exploring the anatomical structures and differences of the SH by using the sacral bone as a guide point to failure criteria for reviewing the caudal epidural anesthesia and improving the criteria for success in practice. Detailed morphometric measurements of orientation points of the SH were taken in 87 sacral bones. The measurements were taken using digital calipers and calculated with photogrammetric methods using Image J program. Most commonly encountered shape of the SH was inverted U (33.33%), while 6.9% 3.45% often lack SH and bifida shape were found. The average length of the SH was 28.7 +/- 7.1 mm, the average distance of the intercornual distance was 13.48 +/- 2.69 mm, the average of the apex of SH and S2 sacral foramen was 34.68 +/- 7.09 mm. There was no statistically significant difference determined in bilateral measurements (p > 0.05). Apex and base of SH were most commonly observed against S4 and S5 vertebrae, respectively. The level of maximum curvature of sacrum was S3 in 62.07% and S4 in 28.78%. Findings of spina bifida level were found 16.13% often in L5-S1 segment. Sacral cornua were marked by their bilateral presence in 55.26% and impalpable in 21.05% cases. Minimum distance between the S2 and the apex of the SH was 7.25 mm which suggested that it would not be safe to push the needle beyond 7 mm into the sacral canal so as to avoid dural puncture. In 8.77% cases, the depth of hiatus was less than 3 mm. Single bony landmark may not help in locating the SH because of the anatomical variations. Important anatomical landmarks of the CEB are the sacral cornu, lateral sacral crests, the apex of the SH, the base of the SH, the top portion of the median sacral crest, anteroposterior distance of the sacral canal, intercornual distance, distance of the apex of the SH to the S2 foramina. Depth of hiatus less than 3 mm may be one of the causes for the failure of needle insertion. Surrounding bony irregularities, different shapes of hiatus and defects in dorsal wall of sacral canal should be taken into consideration before undertaking CEB so as to avoid its failure. This guide can be done by considering the points and securing a successful venture

Relationship between nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-diaphorase-reactive neurons and blood vessels in basal ganglia

WOS: 000082436000014PubMed ID: 10501457The relationship between nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-diaphorase-positive neurons and blood vessels was investigated within the rat basal ganglia. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-diaphorase-positive cell bodies, dendrites or axon-like processes surrounding many but not all blood vessels were observed in the caudate-putamen, ventral pallidum, medial part of the globus pallidus, substantia nigra and subthalamic nucleus. It is concluded that this close relationship contributes to the local vasodilator effect of nitric oxide in the regulation of blood flow in cerebral blood vessels. (C) 1999 IBRO. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd