Comparative study of functional and radiological outcomes of the usage of two devices, derotation type cephalomedullary nail and the helical blade type in unstable intertrochanteric fractures in the geriatric population at a tertiary-level center

Background: Intertrochanteric fracture is a common osteoporotic fracture among elderly populations in an aging society. Early surgical fixation on these aging patients has been proposed recently for early rehabilitation and has had a positive impact on reducing comorbidities. For unstable fractures, intramedullary implants generally present biomechanical advantages over their extramedullary counterparts. Methods: The study was a 2 years prospective comparative study from 1st December 2020 to 1st December 2022 conducted in the department of orthopaedics, Rajendra institute of medical sciences, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India. Total number of patients were 50, PFN done in 25 cases and PFN-A2 in another 25 cases. Results: Mean age is 64.4 years in PFN group as compared to 67.3 years in PFN-A2 group. PFN-A2 was done in 84% male while PFN in only 76 % male and in both groups right side was mostly affected. Average surgery time, amount of blood loss, average number of C-arm shoot was more in PFN group. Conclusions: In this study of 50 patients, 25 treated by PFN and 25 by PFN-A2, it was concluded that PFN-A2 was a better construct to treat patients of older age group having osteoporosis because here reaming was not done and helical blade was inserted by hammering which caused compaction of bones in head and neck region

Prospective review of open reduction and internal fixation with Kirschner wires (K-wires left exposed) fixation in displaced and rotated (Song V) lateral humerus condyle fractures in children

Background: Fractures of the lateral condyle of the humerus account for 10-15% of all elbow fractures in children. These include Salter Harris type 2 and type 4 growth plate injuries in which the fracture crosses the distal humeral growth plate and enter the elbow joint. Open reduction and internal fixation with K wire is treatment of choice for the displaced as well as minimally displaced lateral condyle fractures of children to prevent malunion, nonunion and further displacement. Methods: This was prospective analytical study conducted in Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi from December 2020 to December 2022 which consisted of 30 patients (of whom only 27 were present for follow ups) who were treated by ORIF with K-wires fixation. We followed the classification pattern given by Song et al. Results were evaluated according to the criteria given by the Hardacre et al. Results: Major culprit for injuries was fall from height (44.4%), followed by playing indoor games (25.9%). RTA and sports each constituted of (14.8%). Functional outcomes based on Hardacre criteria are excellent (85.1%), good in 11.1% cases and fair in 3.7% cases. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that open reduction and internal fixation with 2 or 3 K-wires (which were left exposed) and immobilization with casting for 3-4 weeks is sufficient for most of displaced and rotated fractures of the lateral condyle of the humerus

Clinical spectrum of paediatric head injury: A prospective study from tribal region

Introduction: Traumatic Brain injury is considered as a major health problem which causes frequent deaths and disabilities in paediatric population with special concern to tribal regions of developing countries like India where etiology of traumatic brain injury in the paediatric population fall from height dominant over the road traffic accident as a major. Aim and objective: The aim is to analyse the epidemiology, mechanism, clinical presentation, severity and outcome of paediatric head injury in the tribal region of northern India that could help to make preventive policies to improve their care. Material methods: It is a prospective observational study of 345 children of up to 18 years of age admitted under Department of Neurosurgery from October 2017 to April 2019. Results: The study population comprised of 345 paediatric patients. Mean age was 9.25 years.36.81% patients were in 1-6-year age group and male to female ratio was 2.45. The most common cause for trauma was fall from height in 179(52%) cases followed by RTA in 141(41%) cases. The most common radiological finding was depressed skull fractures in 97(50%) cases. There was 35% mortality in severe head injury patients. Conclusion: This study through some light on the different scenario of head injury in Tribal regions of Developing country and will help to formulate effective strategies for prevention and better care of the patients

Facile synthesis and photoluminescence spectroscopy of 3D-triangular GaN nano prism islands

We report a strategy for fabrication of 3D triangular GaN nano prism islands (TGNPI) grown on Ga/Si(553) substrate at tow temperature by N-2(+) ions implantation using a sputtering gun technique. The annealing of Ga/Si(553) (600 degrees C) followed by nitridation (2 key) shows the formation of high quality GaN TGNPI cross-section. TGNPI morphology has been confirmed by atomic force microscopy. Furthermore, these nano prism islands exhibit prominent ultra-violet luminescence peaking at 366 nm upon 325 nm excitation wavelength along with a low intensity yellow luminescence broad peak at 545 nm which characterizes low defects density TGNPI. Furthermore, the time-resolved spectroscopy of luminescent TGNPI in nanoseconds holds promise for its futuristic application in next generation UV-based sensors as well as many portable optoelectronic devices

Clinical spectrum of paediatric head injury. A prospective study from tribal region

Introduction: Traumatic brain injury is considered as a major health problem which causes frequent deaths and disabilities in the paediatric population with special concern to tribal regions of developing countries like India where aetiology of traumatic brain injury in the paediatric population fall from height dominant over the road traffic accident as a major. Aim & Objective: The aim is to analyse the epidemiology, mechanism, clinical presentation, severity and outcome of paediatric head injury in the tribal region of northern India that could help to make preventive policies to improve their care. Material Methods: It is a prospective observational study of 345 children of up to 18 years of age admitted under Department of Neurosurgery from October 2017 to April 2019. Results: The study population comprised of 345 paediatric patients. Mean age was 9.25 years.36.81% patients were in 1-6-year age group and male to female ratio was 2.45. The most common cause for trauma was fall from height in 179(52%) cases followed by RTA in 141(41%) cases. The most common radiological finding was depressed skull fractures in 97(50%) cases. There was 35% mortality in severe head injury patients. Conclusion: This study through some light on the different scenario of head injury in Tribal regions of Developing country and will help to formulate effective strategies for prevention and better care of the patients

Flexible perylenediimide/GaN organic-inorganic hybrid system with exciting optical and interfacial properties

We report the band gap tuning and facilitated charge transport at perylenediimide (PDI)/GaN interface in organic-inorganic hybrid nanostructure system over flexible titanium (Ti) foil. Energy levels of the materials perfectly align and facilitate high efficiency charge transfer from electron rich n-GaN to electron deficient PDI molecules. Proper interface formation resulted in band gap tuning as well as facilitated electron transport as evident in I-V characteristics. Growth of PDI/GaN hybrid system with band gap tuning from ultra-violet to visible region and excellent electrical properties open up new paradigm for fabrication of efficient optoelectronics devices on flexible substrates

Carrier relaxation dynamics in defect states of epitaxial GaN/AlN/Si using ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy

The relaxation dynamics of the carriers through the defect levels in an epitaxial GaN film grown with an AlN buffer layer on Si has been performed on the femto-picosecond timescale, using ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy (UFTS). The sample was pumped above and below the band gap and probed with a white light continuum (480-800 nm). A combination of bi and triple exponential decay functions at different probe wavelengths were used to fit the kinetic profile of the carriers in the defect continuum. Based on the UFTS measurements, a model is proposed which explains the dynamics in the shallow traps and deep level defects. Furthermore, to determine the role of the lattice in the relaxation dynamics, the experiment was conducted at a low lattice temperature of 4.2 K. The relaxation constants from the UFTS measurements confirm not only the presence of shallow and deep level defects but also the involvement of phonons in one of the relaxation processes

Analysis on DV-Hop Algorithm and its variants by considering threshold

Wireless Sensor networks is a network of lowpriced, small sized and energy constraint sensor nodes where each sensor node is programmed to sense the events and send it to the Base station using multi-hop communication. In almost all applications of Wireless Sensor Networks, event detection information is required along with the location of the event. Thus, to find the location of event, node localization plays an important role. Many researchers have put tremendous efforts in designing localization algorithms. In the literature, it is confirmed that DV-Hop algorithm and its variants are the most suitable range-free based algorithms for node localization, due to its cost effectiveness, simplicity and feasibility for medium to large scale networks, but these algorithms consume very high energy. The DV-Hop algorithm works in three phases. The first phase allows all the nodes to get their distance from few localized nodes called anchors in terms of hop. The hop is the count of neighboring nodes between two nodes. Then in second phase, the anchor nodes find out their approximate distances from every node. The third phase computes the location of node using the information obtained from first two phases and by applying trilateration method. The high energy is consumed due to transmission of large number of packets in the first two phases by anchor nodes. In order to reduce communication overhead of the first two phase of DV-Hop, an improved DV-Hop is proposed that considers only k-hop transmission of the anchor packet which reduces the communication overheads to the large extent. Simulation experiments and results prove that the proposed method reduces the energy consumption by approximately 50% compare to the traditional DV-Hop algorithm

A Survey of Recent Developments in DV-Hop Localization Techniques for Wireless Sensor Network

In wireless sensor networks, localization is a required fundamental service to know the position of a sensor node within the network. The task of localization is performed after random deployment of all sensor nodes and is very useful in different types of services such as data tagging, node tracking, and target detection. Recently, numerous localization techniques based on DV-hop mechanism have been proposed. In this paper, we present a comprehensive survey of DV-hop localization techniques and make comparison of their approaches and performances. Based on the findings and analysis, some open research issues related to DV-hop localization techniques are suggested

Assessment of optical, mechanical and nonlinear properties of potassium acid phthalate single crystal: a potential candidate for optoelectronic applications

A good optical quality semi-organic single crystal of Potassium Acid Phthalate (KAP) was harvested from aqueous solution by using slow evaporation solution growth technique (SEST) at ambient condition. The defect free single crystal of KAP was analyzed by different instrumentation techniques, for checking its compatibility for different applications. Its unit cell dimensions and phase purity was examined by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and found that it crystallizes in orthorhombic with non-centrosymmetric in nature. The quality of the grown ingot was assessed by high resolution X-ray diffraction (HRXRD) technique and found that, the crystalline quality is better with less grain boundaries. Its optical properties were scrutinized by UV-vis., photoluminescence (PL) and time resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) measurements respectively. The mechanical stability of the grown crystal was tested by Vickers microhardness method and found that the grown crystal shows indentation size effect (ISE) which was explained using different theoretical models. Its third order nonlinear optical properties were studied by Z-scan measurement by using Ti:Sapphire laser as a source and determined its nonlinear absorption coefficient (beta) and it was found that the KAP crystal is one of the preferable choices for optical limiting applications