Deep Multi-view Learning to Rank

We study the problem of learning to rank from multiple information sources. Though multi-view learning and learning to rank have been studied extensively leading to a wide range of applications, multi-view learning to rank as a synergy of both topics has received little attention. The aim of the paper is to propose a composite ranking method while keeping a close correlation with the individual rankings simultaneously. We present a generic framework for multi-view subspace learning to rank (MvSL2R), and two novel solutions are introduced under the framework. The first solution captures information of feature mappings from within each view as well as across views using autoencoder-like networks. Novel feature embedding methods are formulated in the optimization of multi-view unsupervised and discriminant autoencoders. Moreover, we introduce an end-to-end solution to learning towards both the joint ranking objective and the individual rankings. The proposed solution enhances the joint ranking with minimum view-specific ranking loss, so that it can achieve the maximum global view agreements in a single optimization process. The proposed method is evaluated on three different ranking problems, i.e. university ranking, multi-view lingual text ranking and image data ranking, providing superior results compared to related methods.Comment: Published at IEEE TKD

Exploring the Interoperability for Information Exchange Between Acute and Post-Acute Care Settings

The seamless transfer and assimilation of healthcare data is foundational to delivering holistic, timely, and effective patient care across the healthcare spectrum. In an era where medical histories are as intricate as they are critical, information exchange ensures clinicians and caregivers have a comprehensive view of patient journeys, irrespective of where care was previously rendered. However, disparities in Electronic Health Record (EHR) system adoption, especially in long-term and post-acute care (LTPAC) settings, have consistently obstructed unrestricted interoperability. While much of the historical discourse around interoperability has been limited to hospital-to-hospital data exchanges, the complexities and barriers associated with consistent data transfer in LTPAC settings remain inadequately explored. This dissertation seeks to bridge this gap, delineating the factors that impede and facilitate health information exchange in LTPAC environments. Grounded theory served as the overarching methodology for our qualitative case study research, guiding our exploration of interoperability within the complex healthcare environment encompassing acute and post-acute care settings. This approach facilitated a systematic examination of data, steering our data acquisition activities throughout the case study. Drawing on the insights from 35 stakeholder interviews, encompassing a spectrum from technical specialists to decision-makers, we navigated four predominant facets: technical, operational, organizational, and compliance. Expanding on these facets, key findings are captured by nine distinct categories along these four facets: 1. Technical Aspects: At the heart, “Data Management and Integrity” stood out as pivotal, underscoring the indispensable need for integrated, reliable data structures. This technical backbone was further strengthened by insights from “Infrastructure and Integration” and the call for globalized “Standardization and Best Practices.” 2. Operational Dynamics: Operational efficiency hinged on streamlined “Operational Processes and Workflows” that encapsulated patient transitions. The equilibrium between visionary tech adoptions and their financial implications was captured in “Resource and Financial Management.” The necessity for continuous upskilling and proficiency was captured in “Learning and Proficiency Enhancement.” 3. Organizational Framework: A transformative shift in “Organizational Management and Strategy” was evident, moving towards an integrative, patient-centric paradigm. The crucial interplay between healthcare entities and external partners was crystallized in “Stakeholder and Vendor Dynamics.” 4. Compliance Challenges: With a dynamic healthcare landscape, the evolving nature of “Compliance and Governance” was spotlighted, emphasizing the need for setups to be proactive, adaptive, and future-ready in their compliance efforts. In conclusion, the findings distill a multifaceted exploration into actionable insights for health information exchange in LTPAC scenarios. As the healthcare landscape shifts towards more integrated, data-driven approaches, the findings capture the current challenges and potential pathways for a cohesive, interoperable future. At its core, it advocates for a harmonized approach, weaving together technology, operations, strategy, and compliance, all converging towards enhanced patient care. The insights provided are pivotal for policy-making, healthcare operations, and guiding further research in healthcare interoperability

Palladium-catalysed direct regioselective C5-arylation of a thiophene bearing a cyclopropyl ketone group at C2

International audienceA thiophene bearing a cyclopropyl ketone group at C2 was successfully employed in palladium-catalysed direct arylation. The reaction proceeds regioselectively at C5 without decomposition of the cyclopropyl ketone substituent. These couplings were performed employing as little as 0.5 mol% of ligand-free Pd(OAc)2 catalyst with electron-deficient aryl bromides. A wide variety of functional groups on the aryl bromide such as nitrile, nitro, acetyl, formyl, benzoyl, ester, trifluoromethyl, fluoro or methoxy was tolerated. © 2013 Elsevier Science. All rights reserved

Syntheses and biological evaluation of water soluble carboranylporphyrins for application in boron neutron capture therapy

The goal of the research presented in this dissertation is to develop novel water soluble carboranylporphyrins that can deliver therapeutic dosage of boron specifically to tumors for application in boron neutron capture therapy. In order to accomplish this goal novel water soluble tetra(nido-carboranyl)porphyrin and the octa(nido-carboranyl)porphyrin with high boron contents are synthesized by the condensation of the carborane substituted benzaldehyde with the pyrrole under acidic conditions. These porphyrins are made water soluble by the deboronation of the closo-carboranes to afford the corresponding amphiphilic nido-carborane cages. The low cytotoxicity, high cellular uptake and intracellular localization of these carboranylporphyrins in tumor cells are accomplished. The synthesis of the tetra(4-nido-carboranylphenyl)porphyrin is also accomplished and the comparative biological evaluation of the tetra(4-nido-carboranylphenyl)porphyrin and the tetra(carboranylphenyl)tetrabenzoporphyrin in the tumor cells show lower toxicity and better uptakes of these porphyrins in the cells. These porphyrins also show low toxicity in the mice. The syntheses of various novel neutral water soluble carboranylporphyrins is accomplished. These novel carboranylporphyrins synthesized are water-soluble by the functionalization of the carboranes with water-solubilizing groups such a polyethylene glycol, hydroxyl and amine groups. The synthesis of novel carboranylsapphyrins is attempted. Sapphyrins are penta pyrrolic macrocycles and various methods for the synthesis of these macro cycles are attempted and reported

American Society for Enhanced Recovery (ASER) and Perioperative Quality Initiative (POQI) joint consensus statement on measurement to maintain and improve quality of enhanced recovery pathways for elective colorectal surgery.

BACKGROUND: This article sets out a framework for measurement of quality of care relevant to enhanced recovery pathways (ERPs) in elective colorectal surgery. The proposed framework is based on established measurement systems and/or theories, and provides an overview of the different approaches for improving clinical monitoring, and enhancing quality improvement or research in varied settings with different levels of available resources. METHODS: Using a structure-process-outcome framework, we make recommendations for three hierarchical tiers of data collection. DISCUSSION: Core, Quality Improvement, and Best Practice datasets are proposed. The suggested datasets incorporate patient data to describe case-mix, process measures to describe delivery of enhanced recovery and clinical outcomes. The fundamental importance of routine collection of data for the initiation, maintenance, and enhancement of enhanced recovery pathways is emphasized

Failure analysis and reliability -aware resource allocation of parallel applications in High Performance Computing systems

The demand for more computational power to solve complex scientific problems has been driving the physical size of High Performance Computing (HPC) systems to hundreds and thousands of nodes. Uninterrupted execution of large scale parallel applications naturally becomes a major challenge because a single node failure interrupts the entire application, and the reliability of a job completion decreases with increasing the number of nodes. Accurate reliability knowledge of a HPC system enables runtime systems such as resource management and applications to minimize performance loss due to random failures while also providing better Quality Of Service (QOS) for computational users. This dissertation makes three major contributions for reliability evaluation and resource management in HPC systems. First we study the failure properties of HPC systems and observe that Times To Failure (TTF\u27s) of individual compute nodes follow a time-varying failure rate based distribution like Weibull distribution. We then propose a model for the TTF distribution of a system of k independent nodes when individual nodes exhibit time varying failure rates. Based on the reliability of the proposed TTF model, we develop reliability-aware resource allocation algorithms and evaluated them on actual parallel workloads and failure data of a HPC system. Our observations indicate that applying time varying failure rate-based reliability function combined with some heuristics reduce the performance loss due to unexpected failures by as much as 30 to 53 percent. Finally, we also study the effect of reliability with respect to the number of nodes and propose reliability-aware optimal k node allocation algorithm for large scale parallel applications. Our simulation results of comparing the optimal k node algorithm indicate that choosing the number of nodes for large scale parallel applications based on the reliability of compute nodes can reduce the overall completion time and waste time when the k may be smaller than the total number of nodes in the system

American Society for Enhanced Recovery (ASER) and Perioperative Quality Initiative (POQI) joint consensus statement on measurement to maintain and improve quality of enhanced recovery pathways for elective colorectal surgery.

BACKGROUND: This article sets out a framework for measurement of quality of care relevant to enhanced recovery pathways (ERPs) in elective colorectal surgery. The proposed framework is based on established measurement systems and/or theories, and provides an overview of the different approaches for improving clinical monitoring, and enhancing quality improvement or research in varied settings with different levels of available resources. METHODS: Using a structure-process-outcome framework, we make recommendations for three hierarchical tiers of data collection. DISCUSSION: Core, Quality Improvement, and Best Practice datasets are proposed. The suggested datasets incorporate patient data to describe case-mix, process measures to describe delivery of enhanced recovery and clinical outcomes. The fundamental importance of routine collection of data for the initiation, maintenance, and enhancement of enhanced recovery pathways is emphasized

Regulating heart repair with cardiac-specific T lymphocytes.

Cardiac tissue necrosis secondary to coronary artery occlusion is one of the most common and deadly sterile injuries in developed countries. In this issue of the JCI, Rieckmann et al. identified and characterized antigen-specific CD4+ T helper (Th) cells that developed in the context of myocardial infarction (MI) in mice. They showed that myosin heavy chain α (MYHCA) is a dominant cardiac autoantigen and that T cells with T cell receptor (TCR) specificity to MYHCA acquired a Treg phenotype when adoptively transferred into infarcted mice, which mediated a cardioprotective healing response. Thus, Rieckmann et al. showed that an acute ischemic insult to the heart, which induces sterile inflammation, promoted, rather than limited, protective T cell autoimmunity. Notably, strategies that support an antigen-specific Treg response may limit the immune-inflammatory response and promote cardiac repair after acute MI.This work is supported by the British Heart Foundation (United Kingdom), INSERM (France), and the European Research Council

Palladium catalyzed carbon-carbon bond formation under reductive, oxidative and redox neutral conditions

De organische chemie houdt zich bezig met reacties en eigenschappen van koolstof-gebaseerde verbindingen. Het is verantwoordelijk voor veel van de wonderen van de chemie die we waarnemen in ons dagelijkse leven zoals geneesmiddelen, plastics etc. Centraal binnen de studie van organische chemie staan reacties die de formatie van koolstof-koolstof bindingen mogelijk maken. In de afgelopen jaren, is het metaal palladium verrezen als een uitstekende katalysator voor de formatie van deze koolstof-koolstof bindingen. Dit proefschrift is toegewijd aan het onderzoek naar twee van zulke reacties, de Heck reactie en de geconjugeerde additie. De Heck reactie is erkend met de Nobel prijs in 2010. Dit proefschrift verkent beide reacties onder verschillende condities en de relatie tussen beide. Deze kennis staat ons toe om verschillende industrieel relevante reacties, die plaatsvinden met de formatie van grote hoeveelheden met metaal vervuild afval, te vervangen met schonere en goedkopere alternatieven. Daarnaast is het onderzoek in dit proefschrift gericht op de vorming van "benzylische quaternaire stereocentrums" via palladium-gekatalyseerde geconjugeerde additie reacties, een voorheen onbekende toepassing van deze reactie. Belangrijke eigenschappen van deze reactie werden ontdekt. Verschillende uitdagingen werden geïdentificeerd en hun oplossingen aangedragen. De voordelen van deze reactie is dat het reacties vervangt die drastische condities nodig hebben (gecontroleerde reactie-atmosfeer en erg lage temperaturen) of reacties die erg dure metal nodig hebben zoals rhodium. Een toepassing van deze nieuwe ontwikkeling is de synthese van het natuurproduct (–) - α - cuparenon in slecht 2 stappen, een molecuul dat voorheen tussen de 5 en 17 stappen vereiste