Report in Documentary Communication in Southern Region of Russia during First Half of 18th Century

This article examines the report as a new type of document in the business writing system of the first half of the 18th century. The aim is to identify common and distinctive features of reports from various institutions in the southern region of Russia. The materials used for this study are documents from the Don Army (State Archive of the Volgograd Region) and the Astrakhan Province (National Archive of the Republic of Kalmykia). Through a comparative analysis of their content, functions, and speech organization, it is revealed that all reports were submitted from subordinate subjects to superiors, served informative purposes, and occasionally served as accompanying documents. They shared a similar form (addressee, addresser, title, main text, date, place of creation), although there were variations in the placement of requisites, document titles, and addresser formulas. Differences were also identified, such as the larger number of reports in the documentation of the Don Army and their frequent use as accompanying documents, while Astrakhan reports often contained financial reports. In Don reports, the addresser was referred to in the final formula as “about this report,” while Astrakhan reports only included their name (or signature). It can be concluded that reports were increasingly integrated into official communication, becoming firmly established in the military sphere, and their form became more standardized, reflecting the development of common rules for document management

Registration Documents of the Don Army in the 18th Century: Content and Structure of Texts

The article is devoted to the analysis of the content and speech organization of the texts of accounting and reporting documents of the 18th century of the Chanceries of the Don Fund Troops of the Mikhailovsky stanitsa ataman of the State Archives of the Volgograd Region. The relevance of the research is determined by solving the problems of creating an annotated linguistic corpus of documents. Lists, catalogues, registers, inventories, statements, notes are considered from the point of view of such genre parameters as name, addressee, addressee, date and place of creation of the document. Highlighted speech markers, explicating these parameters and organizing the text. The similarities and differences of documents of different genres are revealed. It is shown that the composition of texts has a two — or three-part structure; in some documents it varies, in others it is constant; the availability of the date, the indication of the addressee also varies. Information about the enumerated objects in documents of one genre is conveyed in more or less detail, systematized or not, in text or tabular form. With the variability of texts, a tendency towards standardization of texts of one genre and differentiation of different genres was noted. The considered parameters allow to establish the genre of documents without self-naming and can be used for automated meta-tagging of texts

Influence of the thermal factor on the composition of electron-beam high-entropy ALTiVCrNbMo coatings

This paper reports results of studying the element and phase compositions of electron-beam coatings based on the high-entropy alloy AlTiVCrNbMo, depending on the deposition temperature (in the range of 300...700 °С). The high-entropy alloys were melted in an arc furnace in an atmosphere of high-purity argon. Vacuum condensates of the high-entropy alloy (AlTiVCrNbMo) with a thickness of 3–5 µm were obtained in the vacuum setup UVN-2M-1 at a working vacuum of 5·10-5 mТоrr. The alloy evaporation was performed from the water-cooled ingot mold using an electron-beam gun with a power of 5 kW. Condensation of vapors of all the elements of the alloy was performed onto copper substrates at temperatures of 300, 500, 700 °C. Based on analysis of the element composition of materials of the target made of the high-entropy six-element alloy AlTiVCrNbMo and electron-beam coatings, based on it, we established the critical parameter (specific heat of vaporization of an element) that defined a selective change in the element composition. In accordance with a characteristic change in the composition of coatings of the multi-element high-entropy alloy, 3 groups of elements were distinguished: with a specific heat of evaporation of 280...350 kJ/mol (group 1), 420…460 kJ/mol (group 2), and 590…680 kJ/mol (group 3). It was shown that the formation of a single-phase coating of the high-entropy alloy (based on BCC of the crystalline lattice) occurs at the higher deposition temperature of 500...700 °C when the coating consists of not less than 5 elements. It was established that based on the conditions for an electron-beam process of materials formation, the results obtained can be divided into two types: those determined by the condition of evaporation of the target and those determined by the conditions of coating deposition. The density of flows of elements, evaporated from the target, is determined by their specific heat of evaporation. However, the ratio of atoms in the flow, derived in this way, may not be retained in the formed coating due to the secondary evaporation of elements from the growth surface. The obtained results allow us to substantiate principles for the selection of components for achieving the optimal element and phase compositions of high-entropy alloys.На основі аналізу елементного складу матеріалів мішені з високоентропійного шестиелементного сплаву AlTiVCrNbMo і електронно-променевих покриттів на його основі встановлено критичний параметр (питома теплота випаровування елемента), який визначає селективну зміну елементного складу. Показано, що формування однофазного покриття високоентропійного сплаву відбувається, коли до складу покриття входить не менше 5 елементів. Отримані результати дозволяють обґрунтувати принципи підбору компонент для досягнення оптимальних елементного та фазового складу високоентропійних сплавів

Using a Bias Potential in a Constant and Pulse Modes for Structural Engineering Vacuum Arc Nanocrystalline Coatings of Zirconium Nitride

In order to develop the direction of "structural engineering nitride coatings" in the work conducted systematic analysis of the impact of the negative bias potential (direct and high-voltage pulse) on the structure, substructure and mechanical properties of ZrN coatings obtained by vacuum arc evaporation. Defined boundary value of (– 100 V) DC potential applied to the substrate, below which a high-voltage pulse potential (– 1200 ... – 2000 V quantity that allows to form peaks bias) makes a decisive contribution to the formation of preferred orientation of the crystallites with the [110] axis. The highest values of hardness 43 GPa are achieved at a constant potential -70 V. Supply high-voltage pulse shifts the maximum hardness in the direction of a greater value of the constant potential

Influence of the thermal factor on the composition of electron-beam high-entropy ALTiVCrNbMo coatings

This paper reports results of studying the element and phase compositions of electron-beam coatings based on the high-entropy alloy AlTiVCrNbMo, depending on the deposition temperature (in the range of 300...700 °С). The high-entropy alloys were melted in an arc furnace in an atmosphere of high-purity argon. Vacuum condensates of the high-entropy alloy (AlTiVCrNbMo) with a thickness of 3–5 µm were obtained in the vacuum setup UVN-2M-1 at a working vacuum of 5·10-5 mТоrr. The alloy evaporation was performed from the water-cooled ingot mold using an electron-beam gun with a power of 5 kW. Condensation of vapors of all the elements of the alloy was performed onto copper substrates at temperatures of 300, 500, 700 °C. Based on analysis of the element composition of materials of the target made of the high-entropy six-element alloy AlTiVCrNbMo and electron-beam coatings, based on it, we established the critical parameter (specific heat of vaporization of an element) that defined a selective change in the element composition. In accordance with a characteristic change in the composition of coatings of the multi-element high-entropy alloy, 3 groups of elements were distinguished: with a specific heat of evaporation of 280...350 kJ/mol (group 1), 420…460 kJ/mol (group 2), and 590…680 kJ/mol (group 3). It was shown that the formation of a single-phase coating of the high-entropy alloy (based on BCC of the crystalline lattice) occurs at the higher deposition temperature of 500...700 °C when the coating consists of not less than 5 elements. It was established that based on the conditions for an electron-beam process of materials formation, the results obtained can be divided into two types: those determined by the condition of evaporation of the target and those determined by the conditions of coating deposition. The density of flows of elements, evaporated from the target, is determined by their specific heat of evaporation. However, the ratio of atoms in the flow, derived in this way, may not be retained in the formed coating due to the secondary evaporation of elements from the growth surface. The obtained results allow us to substantiate principles for the selection of components for achieving the optimal element and phase compositions of high-entropy alloys.На основі аналізу елементного складу матеріалів мішені з високоентропійного шестиелементного сплаву AlTiVCrNbMo і електронно-променевих покриттів на його основі встановлено критичний параметр (питома теплота випаровування елемента), який визначає селективну зміну елементного складу. Показано, що формування однофазного покриття високоентропійного сплаву відбувається, коли до складу покриття входить не менше 5 елементів. Отримані результати дозволяють обґрунтувати принципи підбору компонент для досягнення оптимальних елементного та фазового складу високоентропійних сплавів

ВИВЧЕННЯ ПОПИТУ ЩОДО БЕЗПЕРЕРВНОЇ МЕДИЧНОЇ ОСВІТИ ТА ПРОФЕСІЙНОГО РОЗВИТКУ ПРАЦІВНИКІВ СФЕРИ ОХОРОНИ ЗДОРОВ’Я ДЛЯ ПІДВИЩЕННЯ ЇХ ПРОФЕСІЙНОЇ КОМПЕТЕНЦІЇ У НАДАННІ ДОПОМОГИ ПАЦІЄНТАМ

The aim of the research was to explore the demand in providing medical professionals by knowledge, tools and resources for increasing their professional effectiveness in health care.Materials and methods. A survey of scientists in healthcare sector of Ukraine was provided. The anonymous survey, statistical and analytical methods were used.Results. The points about demand exploring in providing medical professionals by knowledge, tools and resources for increasing their professional effectiveness in health care are considered in the article.Conclusions. Identified survey data have given the opportunity to explore and prove existing needs and gaps which are connected with informing, supporting and providing qualitative tools for improving quality and increasing of professional skills of specialists and, as a result, providing qualitative patient care.Метою дослідження було вивчення попиту щодо забезпечення медичних фахівців знаннями, інструментами та ресурсами для підвищення їхньої професійної ефективності в наданні медичної допомоги.Матеріали і методи. Проведено опитування науковців у сфері охорони здоров’я України. Використано методи анонімного опитування, статистичний, аналітичний.Результати. У статті розглядаються питання вивчення попиту щодо забезпечення медичних фахівців знаннями, інструментами та ресурсами для підвищення їхньої професійної ефективності у наданні медичної допомоги.Висновки. Отримані дані дозволили дослідити та вийти на обґрунтування існуючої потреби та прогалин щодо інформування, забезпечення та надання якісного інструменту щодо підвищення якості забезпечення та фахової майстерності спеціалістів і, як наслідок, надання якісної медичної допомоги пацієнтам

ФАКТОРЫ ПРОГНОЗА ПРИ РАКЕ ПРЕДСТАТЕЛЬНОЙ ЖЕЛЕЗЫ

Prostate cancer is most common and its heterogenicity is presently apparent. There is a continuous search for the factors allowing the prediction of the poor course and biological difference of tumors. The College of American Pathologists classifies the currently known prognostic factors into 3 categories: 1) the factors whose prognostic importance and successful use have been proven in practice; 2) those that have been widely studied biologically and clinically, but the significance of which needs to be proven in extensive statistical studies; 3) all other factors that have been inadequately studied to demonstrate their prognostic value. Category 1 prognostic factors, such as prostate-specific antigen levels, TNM stage, Gleason grading, and the status of surgical margins, enjoy wide application. Category 2 factors are not used IN clinical practice so extensively. The value of some Category 3 factors (the biomarkers p53, Ki-67, Bcl-2, receptors of androgens) is indubitably and they claim to be widely applied in clinical practice with time. The clinical significance of molecular biological markers calls for further investigation.Рак предстательной железы широко распространен, и в настоящее время очевидной является гетерогенность этого заболевания. Постоянно идут поиски факторов, позволяющих предсказать неблагоприятное течение и биологическое различие опухолей. Коллегия американских патологов (College of American Pathologists) классифицировала известные в настоящее время прогностические факторы на 3 категории: I категория - факторы, прогностическая важность и успешное применение которых в практике доказаны; II - факторы, которые широко изучены биологически и клинически, но значимость которых требуется доказать в широких статистических исследованиях; III - все другие факторы, которые недостаточно изучены, чтобы продемонстрировать их прогностическую ценность. Широкое клиническое применение имеют прогностические факторы I категории, такие как уровень простатспецифического антигена, стадия TNM, градация Глисона и состояние хирургических краев. Факторы II категории не так широко используются в клинической практике. Ценность некоторых факторов III категории (биомаркеры р53, Ki-67, Bcl-2, рецепторы андрогенов) несомненна, и со временем они претендуют на широкое применение в клинической практике. Значение молекулярно-биологических маркеров для клиники требует дальнейшего изучения

HORMONE AND RADIATION THERAPY IN HIGH- AND VERY HIGH-RISK PATIENTS WITH PROSTATE CANCER

The prevalence of prostate cancer (PC) is steadily growing every year. In the Russian Federation, its peak morbidity is in the age group of 70 years. Some patients refuse surgery or have contraindications because of comorbidity. Teleradiotherapy in combination with or without hormone therapy is an alternative treatment. The paper analyzes the authors’ results of treating high- and very high-risk patients with PC who received hormone and radiation therapy. The study retrospectively included the data of 132 patients who had been allocated to 3 groups according to the duration of adjuvant hormone therapy. The treatment results were assessed over a 5-year follow-up period according the following parameters: a lower decreased prostate-specific antigen (PSA) score, recurrence rate, and 5-year relapse-free survival determined the by PSA level