5 research outputs found
Connection between organized crime and terrorism as a threat to the security of Bosnia and Herzegovina
ΠΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π»ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ²Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ΄Π½Π΅Π²Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ³ΡΠΎΠΆΠ°Π²Π° Π±Π΅Π·Π±Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΎΡΡ ΡΡΠ΄ΠΈ, Π±Π΅Π·Π±Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΎΡΡ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ
Π΄ΡΠΆΠ°Π²Π° ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°. ΠΠ±ΠΎΠ³ ΡΠΎΠ³Π° ΡΡ Π½Π°ΠΏΠΎΡΠΈ Π΄ΡΠΆΠ°Π²Π° ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½Π΅ Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ Π·Π° ΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°Π²Π° ΠΎΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈ.
ΠΠ°ΠΈΠΌΠ΅, ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π»Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π΄Π΅Π»Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠ° ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ° ΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ³ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°Π½ ΠΈΠ»Π΅Π³Π°Π»Π½ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΡ, ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈ ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π» ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ Π½Π° Π±Π΅Π·Π±Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΎΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡ Ρ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΌ Π΄ΡΠΆΠ°Π²Π°ΠΌΠ°. ΠΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΎ, ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠ΅, ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ³ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ° Π·Π°ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ Π³ΡΠ°ΡΠ°Π½Π΅ ΠΈ Π²Π»Π°Π΄Π΅ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈ Π΄Π° ΠΎΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΊΠ΅ ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π²Π΅. ΠΠ°ΡΠ·Π°Π΄, ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π·ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΠ° ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎΠ³ ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π»Π° ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ°, ΡΡ. ΡΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΡΡΠΏΠ½ΠΎΠ³ "ΠΏΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠ³" ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π»Π° ΠΈ Π΅ΠΊΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ° ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π° Π½ΠΎΠ²Π° ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°: Ρ ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅, Π΅ΠΊΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΊΠΎΡΠ° ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΈΠ½Π΅ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΠΌΠ° ΠΌΠΎΠ³Ρ Π»Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ Π΄Π° ΠΎΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π²Π΅; Ρ Π΄ΡΡΠ³Π΅ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅, ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π»ΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ°Π»Ρ Π°ΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ Π³ΡΠ°ΡΠ°Π½Π° ΠΈ Π²Π»Π°Π΄Π° Π΄Π° ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅ Π½Π΅Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ Π΄Π΅Π»Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·Π±Π΅Π³Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π΄Ρ.
Π£ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΊΠΎ ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ° Π΄Π° ΡΠ΅ Ρ Π±Π΅Π·Π±Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈ ΠΎΠ·Π±ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠ° ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎΠ³ ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π»Π° ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ°, ΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΊΡΠ΄Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ·ΠΈΡΠ° Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°, "ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ»Π°ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°" Π½Π°Π΄Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ° Π±Π΅Π·Π±Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΎ ΡΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΡ
Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ° ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ° Π±Π΅Π·Π±Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. Π‘ΡΠΎΠ³Π° ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π° Π·Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΌ, Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΈ Π·Π° ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Π»Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ° ΠΈ Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ° ΡΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ° ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎΠ³ ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π»Π° ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° ΠΏΠΎ Π±Π΅Π·Π±Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΎΡΡ Π½Π΅ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠ½Π°.
ΠΠ΅ΡΡΠΌΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎ Π΄Π° ΡΠ΅ ΠΠΎΡΠ½Π° ΠΈ Π₯Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½Π°, ΠΊΠ°ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ»ΠΈΠΊΡΠ½Π°, ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π»Π½ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ»ΠΈΠΊΡΠ½Π° ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΈ Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π° Π΄ΡΠΆΠ°Π²Π° Π΄Π²Π° Π΄ΡΠΆΠ°Π²Π½Π° Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΡΠΈΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈ Π±Π΅Π·Π±Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ, Π²Π΅ΠΎΠΌΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π° Π·Π° Π½Π΅ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π·ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎΠ³ ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π»Π° ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ°.
Π‘Π²Π΅ΡΡ ΠΎ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ Π±Π΅Π·Π±Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π·ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ ΠΎΠ΄ Π½Π°ΡΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π»Π° ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ ΠΎΠ΄ Π½Π°ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π»Π°, Π±ΠΈΠ»Π° ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π° Π·Π° ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΎΡ Π±ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΏΠ° ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΡ ΠΈ
ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°Π²Π°ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Π»Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎΠ³ ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π»Π° ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ°. ΠΠ½ΠΈ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄ ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΈ ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΈΠ·Π²ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ° Π΄ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π²Π΅Π·Π° ΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°Π²Π°.
Π£ΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΡΡΡΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΠΎ Π΄Π° Π²Π΅Π·Π° ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎΠ³ ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π»Π° ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΠΎ Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°, ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΈ ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΠΆΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ° ΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ°. ΠΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ½Π° ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΡΡ Π½Π° Π·Π°ΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π° ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠΈΡ
Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π° ΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° ΠΊΠΎΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΏΠΎΠ½Π·ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½ ΠΎΠ΄ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅ Π΄ΡΠΆΠ°Π²Π°, Π·Π±ΠΎΠ³ ΡΠ΅Π³Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠΊΠ΅ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡ Π΄Π° ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎΠ³ ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π»Π°. ΠΠ±ΠΎΠ³ ΡΠΎΠ³Π° ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈ ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π» ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°ΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠΏΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π°Π½ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠ°ΠΌΠ° ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΡ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΡ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ°. Π‘Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΏΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠΌ "Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈ, Π° Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈ" ΠΈ ΡΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΠΎ Π΄Π° ΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈ Π±Π°Π²ΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΌ Π½Π΅Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ°Π΄ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ° ΠΈΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈ, Π° Π΄Π° ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΠ»Π°Π·Π΅ (Π»ΡΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈ β ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ²Π°ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΎ Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΡΠ²Π΅ΠΊ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ·Π°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ½ΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎΠ³ ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π»Π° ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ²Π΅ Π΄ΡΠ±ΡΠ΅, Π° Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ° ΡΠ°Π·Π΄Π²Π°ΡΠ°ΡΠ° Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅ Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΠ½Π°.
ΠΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈ Π΄Π° ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎΠ³ ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π»Π° ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Π° ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΡΠ°Π²Π°ΡΠ° ΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ²Π΅ Π²Π΅Π·Π΅. ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»Π½ΠΎ, Π²Π΅Π·Π΅ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎΠ³ ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π»Π° ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° ΠΌΠΎΠ³Ρ Π΄Π° ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΡ Ρ ΠΎΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΡ: ΡΠ΄ΡΡΠΆΠ΅ΡΠ°, ΡΠ°Π²Π΅Π·Π°, ΡΠ°ΡΠ°Π΄ΡΠ΅, ΡΠΈΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠΎΠ·Π΅, ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π²Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ·Π΅.
ΠΠΎΠ»Π°Π·Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π° ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈ Π΅ΠΌΠΏΠΈΡΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠ° ΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΡ
Π²Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π° ΡΡ
Π²Π°ΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎΠ³ ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π»Π° ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° ΠΊΠ°ΠΎ ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΈ Π±Π΅Π·Π±Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°Π²Π°. Π£ ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ°Π΄Ρ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ° ΡΠ΅ Π±ΠΈΠ»Π° Π΄Π° ΡΠ΅, Π½Π°ΡΠΏΡΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ· ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅, Π° Π·Π°ΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ° ΠΈΠ· Π±Π΅Π·Π±Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΎΡΠ½Π΅ ΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠΈ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΅ Π΄Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎΠ³ ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π»Π° ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²ΡΠ° ΡΠ΅Π°Π»Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π±Π΅Π·Π±Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΠΎΡΠ½Π΅ ΠΈ Π₯Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½Π΅.
Π£ΡΠ²ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π·Π°Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎΠ³ ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π»Π° ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° ΠΊΠ°ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈ Π·Π° Π±Π΅Π·Π±Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΎΡΡ ΠΠΎΡΠ½Π΅ ΠΈ Π₯Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½Π΅ Π·Π°Ρ
ΡΠ΅Π²Π°Π»ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΏ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π°Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠ²Π°ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½Π°ΡΠ°, ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ°Π²Π° ΡΠΏΠΎΠ·Π½Π°ΡΡ ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°Π²Π° Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ Π·Π°ΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΠ° ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΊΠ° Π·Π° ΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ²ΠΎ ΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π²Π°ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ·Π±ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ΅.
ΠΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈ ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π» ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π³Π»Π΅Π΄Π°Π½ ΠΊΠ°ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° Π±Π΅Π·Π±Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΠΎΡΠ½Π΅ ΠΈ Π₯Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½Π΅ ΡΠ° ΠΎΡΠ²ΡΡΠΎΠΌ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅, ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅. ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅, ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈ ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π»ΠΈΡΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΡΠ°Π²Π°ΡΠ° ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎΠ³ ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π»Π° ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈ Ρ Π²Π΅Π·Ρ ΡΠ° Π½Π΅ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ³ΡΠΎΠΆΠ°Π²Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΌ
Π±Π΅Π·Π±Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. ΠΠ½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅, ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° ΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π΅ ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Π»Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ³ΡΠΎΠΆΠ°Π²Π°ΡΠ΅ ΠΠΎΡΠ½Π΅ ΠΈ Π₯Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½Π΅.
ΠΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ° ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠ° Π±ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π·Π°Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎΠ³ ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π»Π° ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π½Π΅Π³Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ° Π½Π° Π±Π΅Π·Π±Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΎΡΡ ΠΠΎΡΠ½Π΅ ΠΈ Π₯Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½Π΅. Π£ΡΠ²ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π·Π°Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΠ·Π²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ· ΡΠ°Π³Π»Π΅Π΄Π°Π²Π°ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π²Π° ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°, Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΡΠ°ΡΠ°Π΄ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎΠ³ ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π»Π° ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° Ρ ΠΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈ ΠΈ Π₯Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅, ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈ ΡΡ ΠΎΠ±Π»ΠΈΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π·Π°Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ· ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΎΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Π»Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ (ΡΠ΄ΡΡΠΆΠ΅ΡΠ΅, ΡΠ°Π²Π΅Π·, ΡΠ°ΡΠ°Π΄ΡΠ°, ΡΠΈΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠΎΠ·Π°, ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π²Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ° ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ·Π° ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎΠ³ ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π»Π° ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ°). ΠΠ° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ ΡΠΎΠ³Π° ΡΠ°Π³Π»Π΅Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈ ΡΡ ΠΎΠ±Π»ΠΈΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½ ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π³ΡΡΠΏΠ° Ρ ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π»Π½Π΅ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ (Π½ΠΏΡ., ΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½Π° Π΄ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠΌ, ΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΠΌΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΡΠΆΡΠ°, ΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅, ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ°, ΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΠΌΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°Π½Π°ΡΠ°, ΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½Π° ΡΡΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠ°, ΠΏΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ° ΠΈ Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π», ΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΠΌΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ Π½ΡΠΊΠ»Π΅Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π»Π° ΠΈΡΠ΄.), ΠΊΠ°ΠΎ ΠΈ ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎΠ³ ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π»Π° Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠΊΠ΅ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. Π’ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π·Π°Π½ΠΎΡΡ ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π»Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ° ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π³ΡΡΠΏΠ° Π½Π° Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π½ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡ, ΡΠΈΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠΎΠ·Π° ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎΠ³ ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π»Π° ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠΆΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΎ ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ² ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°Ρ Π½Π° Π±Π΅Π·Π±Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΎΡΡ ΠΠΎΡΠ½Π΅ ΠΈ Π₯Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½Π΅.
ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΠΌ, Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈ ΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΈ, ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»Π½ΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈ ΠΎΠΊΠ²ΠΈΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π²ΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π»Ρ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ·ΠΌΡ Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π½ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡ. Π‘ ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΈΡΠΎΠΌ Π½Π° ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ Π΄Π° ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π»Ρ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ·ΠΌΡ Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°, Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π΅ ΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅ ΡΠ°Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠΊΠΎ-ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ Π·Π°ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π½Π° Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ³Π½ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ°.
ΠΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΈ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ°Ρ ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠ° ΡΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ Π²Π°Π»ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡ
, Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ Π²Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈ Π΅ΠΌΠΏΠΈΡΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ° ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π·Π°Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎΠ³ ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π»Π° ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ°, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π·Π° Π±Π΅Π·Π±Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΎΡΡ ΠΠΎΡΠ½Π΅ ΠΈ Π₯Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½Π΅, Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ ΡΠ΅Π³Π° Π±ΠΈ Π±ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠΏΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΏΠΈΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡΠ° ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠ·ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΡ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ
Ρ
ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ° ΡΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π²ΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠ°.
ΠΠΎΡΠ΅Π΄ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠ°, Ρ ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅Π½Π΅ ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³Π΅ ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ ΠΈ ΡΠΎ: ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°, ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π΅ ΡΠ°Π΄ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠΊΠ° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°, Π° ΠΊΠ°ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠ° ΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅Π½Π΅ ΡΡ Π°Π½ΠΊΠ΅ΡΠ° ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΡ.
ΠΠ΅ΠΎΠΏΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈ Π΄Π° ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π° Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½Π° Π·Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ²ΠΈΡ
Ρ
ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π·Π° ΠΈ Π΄Π° ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ ΠΈ Π΅ΠΌΠΏΠΈΡΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠ° Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΏΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ΄Π°ΡΠ°ΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΡΠ΅ Π½Π° ΡΠΎ Π΄Π° ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈ ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π» ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΠΌ Ρ ΠΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈ ΠΈ Π₯Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠ° ΠΊΡΠΎΠ· ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»Π½Ρ, ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»Π½Ρ, ΡΠΈΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠΎΡΡΠΊΡ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π·Π°Π½ΠΎΡΡ. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅, ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ Π½Π°Π³Π»Π°ΡΠΈΡΠΈ Π΄Π° ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠ° Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎ Π·Π°ΠΊΡΡΡΠΊΠ° Π΄Π° ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ° ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠ° Π²Π΅Π·Π° ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΎΠ²Π΅ Π΄Π²Π΅ Π±Π΅Π·Π±Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΎΡΠ½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ·Π»Π°Π·Π½ΠΎΠ³ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ°.
Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠ° ΡΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΡΡ ΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΠΎ Π΄Π° Π°ΠΊΡΡΠ΅Π»Π½ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π±Π΅Π·Π±Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΠΎΡΠ½Π΅ ΠΈ Π₯Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½Π΅ Π½Π΅ Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΠ΅ Π°ΡΠΈΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ·Π±ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎΠ³ ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π»Π° ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° ΠΈ Π΄Π° Π³Π»Π°Π²Π½Π΅ ΡΠ·ΡΠΎΠΊΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ²ΠΎΠ³ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΡΡΠ΅Π±Π° ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠΈΡΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΡ Π½Π΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»Π½ΠΎΡ Π½Π΅Π΅ΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠ°Π»Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ.
Π‘Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎ Π½Π°Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΌ, ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΠΌΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈ Π΄Π° ΡΠ΅ Ρ ΠΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈ ΠΈ Π₯Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΠΎ ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠ·Π΅ΡΠΈ Π°Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠ²Π°ΡΠ½Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ Ρ Π±ΠΎΡΠ±ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ² ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎΠ³ ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π»Π° ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ°, ΠΊΠ°ΠΎ ΡΡΠΎ ΡΡ: ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ
Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π΄Π΅ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ° ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎΠ³ ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π»Π° ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ Π±ΠΈΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π΅ ΡΠ° Π΅Π²ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΌΠΈΠΌΠ°; ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡ
Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΈ ΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°; ΡΠ½Π°ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΡΠ°ΡΠ°Π΄ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΎΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΡΠ° ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½Π° Π½Π°Π΄Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π·Π° Π±Π΅Π·Π±Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΎΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΠ²ΠΈΠΌ Π½ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠΈΠΌΠ° ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΎ Ρ ΠΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈ ΠΈ Π₯Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎ ΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π½ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡ; Π°Π½Π³Π°ΠΆΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅ Π΅Π΄ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠ°Π΄ΡΠΎΠ²Π° Ρ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠΌ Π±Π΅Π·Π±Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌΠ° ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°, ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠΊΠΎ - ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ° Π½Π°Π΄Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π°Π³Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ°, ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ° ΠΊΠ°ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π°ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠ½Π°ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΡΠΊΠ΅ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ° Π±Π΅Π·Π±Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π·Π° ΡΡΠΎ ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ° ΡΠ²ΠΈΡ
Π²ΡΡΡΠ°; ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ Π±Π΅Π·Π±Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΎΡΠ½Π΅ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Organized crime and terrorism threaten the security of people, security of states and international regions every day. Therefore, the efforts of states and international community in eradication of these phenomena are justified.
Namely, as a constant criminal project of groups and organizations which enables obtaining enormous illegal profit, organized crime influences security and political sustenance of many states. At the same time, ideological groups, organizations and movements intimidate the citizens and authorities systematically using armed violence with the purpose of creating certain political objectives. Finally, by connecting the carriers of organized crime and terrorism, i.e. joining massive βdirtyβ capital and extremist ideology a new threat is being created: on the one hand, extremists gain resources that make them more destructive and that enables them to reach their goals easily; on the other hand, organized crime exploits the existing atmosphere and the panic of the citizens and authorities in order to develop their illegal activities and avoid justice.
If we also add the fact that in the security practice there is often no significant difference between organized crime and terrorism, it becomes clear the confusion in the application of regulations, overlapping of the competences of the security subjects and imprecisely directed preventive and repressive actions of the security sector. Therefore, the need for distinction, as well as for determining correlation and effects of synergy between organized crime and terrorism on security is indisputable.
This particularly refers to Bosnia and Herzegovina where there are all the conditions for unobstructed connection of organized crime and terrorism, for its post-conflict and potentially conflict environment and artificially created state made of two entities whose security subjects do not cooperate sufficiently.
The awareness on new security threat created by connection of one of the most dangerous forms of property crime and one of the most destructive forms of political crime was one of the basis for the development of a number of theoretical approaches to description and explanation of correlation between organized crime and terrorism.
The latter vary from simple taxonomy of common characteristics and similar manners of realization to construction of complex models of interdependent connections and influences of these phenomena.
Pointing out to the fact that the connection between organized crime and terrorism is not particularly new, many analysts have dedicated their attention to the points of their contact. It is evident that the scope of terrorism financed on behalf of states has decreased in the last few years, thus terrorist groups have to finance themselves from organized crime. Therefore, organized crime has become essential to terrorist groups with no other source of financing. Similar approaches are described using a phrase βmethods, not motivesβ, and point out to the fact that the methods for dealing with these irregularities are similar or the same, and that the motives are different (lucrative β ideological). This is certainly always not the case, since interaction between organized crime and terrorism is becoming deeper, and the line of separation is not that clear anymore.
There have been many attempts to display the interdependency between organized crime and terrorism using the models and forms of establishment of their connection. Basically, the connections between organized crime and terrorism are manifested in the form of: association, union, cooperation, symbiosis, convergence and metamorphosis.
The basic points for theoretical and empirical research are generally accepted concepts of organized crime and terrorism, as criminal and security phenomena. The intention of this paper was to, first using theoretical models and then based on real security facts, examine and provide evidence that interaction between organized crime and terrorism represents a real threat to the security of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Identification of connection between organized crime and terrorism as threats to the security of Bosnia and Herzegovina demanded appropriate research approach which would enable understanding these phenomena using adequate scientific methods and instruments, which would further make possible bringing conclusions and recommendations for their prevention and suppression. Regarding this, organized crime is considered as a threat to the security of Bosnia and Herzegovina, with an overview of its structure, classification of its forms and characteristics. Furthermore, basic forms of organized crime manifestation have been identified and the latter are associated with direct endangering of security of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Analogously, the phenomenon of terrorism in Bosnia and Herzegovina is also examined. Finally, their correlation and synergic endangering of Bosnia and Herzegovina are also discussed.
The key question of operationalization of the research subjects was identification of connection between organized crime and terrorism and their common negative influence on the security of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Identification of this connection has been performed by considering similarities, common objectives and interests, but also using already identified forms of cooperation between organized crime and terrorism in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Additionally, forms of connection have also been identified using abovementioned six forms of correlation (association, union, cooperation, symbiosis, convergence and metamorphosis of organized crime and terrorism). Based on that, forms and level of engagement of terrorist groups in criminal activities (drug trafficking, arms smuggling, kidnapping, corruption, smuggling of migrants, trafficking in human beings, money laundering and economic crime, smuggling of nuclear and radioactive material etc.) have been discussed, as well as involvement of organized crime in terrorist activities. That provided evidence for the connection between criminal organizations and terrorist groups on national and international level, as well as for the symbiosis of organized crime and terrorism in the immediate environment, and its influence on the security of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Thereafter, strategic, institutional and legal frameworks of confronting organized crime and terrorism on international and national level have been analyzed. Considering the fact that it is not possible to confront organized crime and terrorism using only classical criminal methods, the possibilities of using modern crime-intelligence methods based on scientific and technical achievements have been analyzed, too.
The main importance of this research is obtaining valid and scientifically verified theoretical and empirical knowledge on the connection between organized crime and terrorism, which poses a true threat to the security of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and after that it would be necessary to start with redefining strategies and undertaking other urgent measures regarding confronting the abovementioned issues.
Besides the scientific research, the following research methods have been used in this paper: comparative method, content analysis and statistical method, and the research techniques that were used are questionnaire and interview.
It is necessary to emphasize that the scientific foundation of all the hypothesis has been confirmed and that the results of both theoretical and empirical research completely match, which points to the fact that organized crime and terrorism in Bosnia and Herzegovina are considered using instrumental, functional, symbiotic and subjective
connection. Also, it is necessary to emphasize that during research it was concluded that the tendency of strengthening the bonds between these two security threats is ascending.
Research results showed that the current security system of Bosnia and Herzegovina does not have affirmative effect in terms of suppression of organized crime and terrorism and that the main causes of such condition are to be found in political disorder, normative incompleteness, institutional inefficiency and flat action.
According to the abovementioned, it may be concluded that it is necessary to undertake adequate measures in the fight against organized crime and terrorism in Bosnia and Herzegovina, such as: wording of unique legal definitions of organized crime and terrorism that shall be in accordance with European and international criteria; revising current laws and adoption of new regulations; improvement of all forms of cooperation and coordination between institutions and bodies competent for security on all levels, both in Bosnia and Herzegovina and on regional and international level; engagement of educated and trained personnel in all law enforcement institutions and bodies, strengthening of crime-intelligence capacities of the competent agencies, timely exchange of intelligence and improvement and development of technical abilities of the security subjects with the purpose of successful exchange of all kinds of data; development of security culture and prevention plans etc
Ekstremni nacionalizam i bezbednost savremenog druΕ‘tva
Ethnic groups are characterized by certain collective identity whose foundations are made of language, religion, race, and country of origin with its culture and customs. Since ethnic identities differ one from another, in multinational and multicultural societies there is a latent danger of having ideologies that advocate ethnic distancing, imposing a danger to the security of other ethnicities, the change of constitutional order, as well as separation of certain parts of sovereign states with the aim of creating new countries or accession to some other ones. Besides the fact that these phenomena cause collective discrimination and severe violation of human rights, they are also, very often, accompanied by individual and collective violence - terrorism, (civil) wars, genocide, war crimes and other forms of inter-ethnic violence. Alongside with the extreme intolerance, these ideologies also propagate particularization of a society by ethnic, religious and race criteria. Given the fact that their base is made of glorification of their own national identity and negation of other ones, it is reasonably justified for them to carry an epithet of extreme-nationalist. Regarding the mentioned, this paper gives a perspective on definition and typology of nationalism, its consequences for the security of contemporary society, as well as on contemporary social reaction to it.EtniΔke grupe karakteriΕ‘e izvestan kolektivni identitet u Δijoj su osnovi jezik, vera, rasa i zemlja porekla s njenom kulturom i obiΔajima. Kako se etniΔki identiteti meΔusobno razlikuju, u multinacionalnim i multireligijskim druΕ‘tvima postoji latentna opasnost od raΔanja ideologija koje zagovaraju etniΔko distanciranje, ugroΕΎavanje bezbednosti pripadnika drugih etniciteta, promenu ustavnog poretka i otcepljenje delova teritorija suverenih drΕΎava radi stvaranja novih drΕΎava ili pripajanja drugim drΕΎavama. Pored kolektivne diskriminacije i grubog krΕ‘enja ljudskih prava, takve pojave neretko prati izvesno pojedinaΔno i kolektivno nasilje - terorizam, (graΔanski) ratovi, genocid, ratni zloΔini i drugo meΔuetniΔko nasilje. Osim izrazite netolerantnosti, ovakve ideologije propagiraju partikularizaciju druΕ‘tva po etniΔkim, verskim i rasnim kriterijumima. S obzirom na to da je u njihovoj osnovi veliΔanje sopstvenog i negiranje tuΔeg nacionalnog identiteta, s pravom se nazivaju ekstremno nacionalistiΔkim. S tim u vezi, u radu je uΔinjen osvrt na odreΔenje i tipologizaciju nacionalizma, na njegove posledice po bezbednost savremenog druΕ‘tva, kao i na savremenu socijalnu reakciju na ovaj problem druΕ‘tvene bezbednosti
KriminalistiΔko-obaveΕ‘tajna sluΕΎba u Republici Srbiji - kriviΔnoprocesni i bezbednosni aspekti
The engagement of the police in preventing and suppressing serious forms of crime in the Republic of Serbia gradually became inadequate due to 'internationalization and modernization' of modern criminals. In addition, it is noticed that intelligence and security services, among other tasks, are assigned to suppress especially serious forms of crime. This very trend is notable in the reform of the national security system in the Republic of Serbia, where the following operate: the National Agency for Combating Organized Crime, National Agency for Combating High Tech Crime, National Agency for Combating War Crime, National Anti - Money Laundering Committee and the National Anti - Corruption Agency.AngaΕΎovanje policije na poslovima spreΔavanja i suzbijanja teΕ‘kih oblika kriminala u Republici Srbiji vremenom je postalo nedovoljno s obzirom na 'internacionalizaciju i modernizaciju' savremenih kriminalaca. S tim u vezi, primetno je da obaveΕ‘tajne i bezbednosne sluΕΎbe, izmeΔu ostalih, dobijaju i zadatke suprotstavljanja posebno teΕ‘kim oblicima kriminala. Takav trend primetan je i u reformi nacionalnog sistema bezbednosti Republike Srbije, u kome uveliko deluju 'novi subjekti', kao Ε‘to su: SluΕΎba za borbu protiv organizovanog kriminala, SluΕΎba za borbu protiv visokotehnoloΕ‘kog kriminala, SluΕΎba za suzbijanje ratnih zloΔina, Uprava za spreΔavanje pranja novca i Agencija za borbu protiv korupcije
KriminalistiΔko-obaveΕ‘tajna sluΕΎba u Republici Srbiji - kriviΔnoprocesni i bezbednosni aspekti
The engagement of the police in preventing and suppressing serious forms of crime in the Republic of Serbia gradually became inadequate due to 'internationalization and modernization' of modern criminals. In addition, it is noticed that intelligence and security services, among other tasks, are assigned to suppress especially serious forms of crime. This very trend is notable in the reform of the national security system in the Republic of Serbia, where the following operate: the National Agency for Combating Organized Crime, National Agency for Combating High Tech Crime, National Agency for Combating War Crime, National Anti - Money Laundering Committee and the National Anti - Corruption Agency.AngaΕΎovanje policije na poslovima spreΔavanja i suzbijanja teΕ‘kih oblika kriminala u Republici Srbiji vremenom je postalo nedovoljno s obzirom na 'internacionalizaciju i modernizaciju' savremenih kriminalaca. S tim u vezi, primetno je da obaveΕ‘tajne i bezbednosne sluΕΎbe, izmeΔu ostalih, dobijaju i zadatke suprotstavljanja posebno teΕ‘kim oblicima kriminala. Takav trend primetan je i u reformi nacionalnog sistema bezbednosti Republike Srbije, u kome uveliko deluju 'novi subjekti', kao Ε‘to su: SluΕΎba za borbu protiv organizovanog kriminala, SluΕΎba za borbu protiv visokotehnoloΕ‘kog kriminala, SluΕΎba za suzbijanje ratnih zloΔina, Uprava za spreΔavanje pranja novca i Agencija za borbu protiv korupcije
Accident Frequency Prediction Model for Flat Rural Roads in Serbia
Traffic accidents, by their nature, are random events; therefore, it is difficult to estimate the exact places and times of their occurrences and the true nature of their impacts. Although they are hard to precisely predict, preventative actions can be taken and their numbers (in a certain period) can be approximately predicted. In this study, we investigated the relationship between accident frequency and factors that affect accident frequency; we used accident data for events that occurred on a flat rural state road in Serbia. The analysis was conducted using five statistical models, i.e., Poisson, negative binomial, random effect negative binomial, zero-inflated Poisson, and zero-inflated negative binomial models. The results indicated that the random effect negative binomial model outperformed the other models in terms of goodness-of-fit measures; it was chosen as the accident prediction model for flat rural roads. Four explanatory variables—annual average daily traffic, segment length, number of horizontal curves, and access road density—were found to significantly affect accident frequency. The results of this research can help road authorities make decisions about interventions and investments in road networks, designing new roads, and reconstructing existing roads