How Debian GNU/Linux is translated into Spanish

La Debian GNU/Linux és un dels paquets de programari per a Linux que compta amb una major distribució. Inclou milers de paquets de programari lliure (free, open source) provinents de moltes fonts diferents. Una de les peculiaritats del projecte Debian rau en el fet que funciona gràcies a un grup de voluntaris seleccionats per ells mateixos. En concret, això vol dir que les tasques de localització (inclosa la traducció) a moltes de les llengües previstes es duen a terme a partir de l'esforç de voluntaris. Aquest article descriu com es localitza el Debian al castellà, com a exemple dels esforços que s'estan fent en el món del programari lliure.La Debian GNU/Linux es uno de los paquetes de software para Linux que cuenta con una mayor distribución. Incluye miles de paquetes de software libre (free, open source) que provienen de muchas Fuentes diferentes. Una de las peculiaridades del proyecto Debian radical en el hecho de que funciona gracias a un grupo de voluntarios seleccionados por ellos mismos. En concreto, esto quiere decir que las tareas de localización (incluida la traducción) a muchas de las lenguas previstas se llevan a cabo a partir del esfuerzo de voluntarios. Este artículo describe cómo se localiza el Debian al castellano como ejemplo de los esfuerzos que es están realizando en el mundo del software libre.Debian GNU/Linux is one of the largest Linux-based software distributions, including thousands of libre (free, open source) software packages coming from many different sources. One of the peculiarities of the Debian project is being run altogether by a self-selected group of volunteers. In particular, this means that all the localization tasks (including translation) to the many supported languages is run on volunteer effort. This paper describes how Debian is localized to the Spanish language, as a case example of translation efforts in the libre software world

Factores de virulencia en diferentes cepas de Streptococcus mutans provenientes de pacientes con caries activas y libres de caries

42 p.La caries dental sigue siendo el mayor problema de salud pública a nivel mundial. Se considera una enfermedad infecciosa multifactorial, asociándose su aparición a la interacción de cuatro factores: un huésped susceptible, microorganismos, sustrato y tiempo, donde dentro del factor microbiológico, encontramos al S. mutans como el principal agente etiológico de la caries dental tanto en animales, como en seres humanos, participando activamente en la conformación del biofilm bacteriano. Su capacidad de producir ácido (acidogénico), y de vivir además en un medio de este tipo (acidúrico), en conjunto con su capacidad para sintetizar glucanos extracelulares, son los principales factores para el desarrollo y establecimiento del biofilm cariogénico, el que conlleva a la desmineralización del diente y consecuente desarrollo de la lesión cariosa. El potencial cariogénico va a diferir de un individuo a otro, encontrándose la presencia del S. mutans en poblaciones con alta, moderada y baja prevalencia de caries, incluso en poblaciones con nula experiencia de estas lesiones. Según lo antes mencionado, se podría pensar que algunas cepas de S. mutans podrían presentar fuertes características de virulencia que favorecen su capacidad de colonizar, sobrevivir, e inducir la formación de caries; pero se necesitan más estudios para investigar la relación entre los factores de virulencia y la actividad cariogénica de los individuos. El objetivo general de este trabajo, fue determinar si la acidogenicidad del medio y capacidad de formación de biofilm es mayor, en aquellas cepas de S. mutans provenientes de pacientes con caries activas.Para el estudio, se obtuvieron cepas de S. mutans provenientes de 7 pacientes con más de 8 caries dentinarias (Grupo con caries) y de 7 pacientes libres de caries clínica y radiográficamente (Grupo sin caries). Se analizaron los factores de virulencia en relación a acidogenicidad, biomasa de biofilm y microorganismos viables en ambos grupos, a través de la medición de pH, peso seco del biofilm y recuento de UFC/mg de peso seco. Los valores de pH en los grupos con y sin caries fueron similares, alcanzando valores entre 3.4 y 4.5; los valores de peso seco tampoco arrojaron ninguna tendencia y el recuento de microorganismos viables arrojó valores heterogéneos para ambos grupos, sin encontrarse diferencias estadísticamente significativas para ninguna variable analizada. Se concluye entonces, que ninguno de los factores de virulencias analizados en este trabajo, difiere según la actividad de caries de los individuos

Analyzing Gerrit Code Review Parameters with Bicho

Code review is becoming a common practice in large scale software development projects. In the case of free, open source software projects, many of them are selecting Gerrit as the system to support the code review process. Therefore, the analysis of the information produced by Gerrit allows for the detailed tracking of the code review process in those projects. In this paper, we present an approach to retrieve and analyze that information based on extending Bicho, a tool designed to retrieve information from issue tracking systems. The details of the retrieval process, the model used to map code review abstractions to issue tracking abstractions, and the structure of the retrieved information are described in detail. In addition, some results of using this approach in a real world scenario, the OpenStack Gerrit code review system, are presented

Adapting the “Staged Model for Software Evolution” to FLOSS

Research into traditional software evolution has been tackled from two broad perspectives: that focused on the how, which looks at the processes, methods and techniques to implement and evolve software; and that focused on the what/why perspective, aiming at achieving an understanding of the drivers and general characteristics of the software evolution phenomenon. The two perspectives are related in various ways: the study of the what/why is for instance essential to achieve an appropriate management of software engineering activities, and to guide innovation in processes, methods and tools, that is, the how. The output of the what/why studies is exemplified by empirical hypotheses, such as the staged model of software evolution,. This paper focuses on the commonalities and differences between the evolution and patterns in the lifecycles of traditional commercial systems and free/libre/open source software (FLOSS) systems. The existing staged model for software evolution is therefore revised for its applicability on FLOSS systems

EGFR is required for Wnt9a-Fzd9b signalling specificity in haematopoietic stem cells.

Wnt signalling drives many processes in development, homeostasis and disease; however, the role and mechanism of individual ligand-receptor (Wnt-Frizzled (Fzd)) interactions in specific biological processes remain poorly understood. Wnt9a is specifically required for the amplification of blood progenitor cells during development. Using genetic studies in zebrafish and human embryonic stem cells, paired with in vitro cell biology and biochemistry, we determined that Wnt9a signals specifically through Fzd9b to elicit β-catenin-dependent Wnt signalling that regulates haematopoietic stem and progenitor cell emergence. We demonstrate that the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is required as a cofactor for Wnt9a-Fzd9b signalling. EGFR-mediated phosphorylation of one tyrosine residue on the Fzd9b intracellular tail in response to Wnt9a promotes internalization of the Wnt9a-Fzd9b-LRP signalosome and subsequent signal transduction. These findings provide mechanistic insights for specific Wnt-Fzd signals, which will be crucial for specific therapeutic targeting and regenerative medicine

Prophylactic incisional negative pressure wound therapy for gynaecologic malignancies

Wound complications are an important cause of postoperative morbidity among patients with gynaecologic malignancies. We evaluated whether the placement of closed-incisional negative pressure therapy (ciNPT) at the time of laparotomy for gynaecologic cancer surgery reduced wound complication rates. A retrospective cohort study with primary wound closure performed by a gynaecologic oncologist was carried out. We evaluated two cohorts of patients who underwent surgery in 2017 with standard closure and patients who underwent surgery in 2019 with the placement of prophylactic ciNPT. Postoperative outcomes were examined. A total of 143 patients were included, 85 (59.4%) vs 58 (40.6%) with standard closure and ciNPT, respectively. The total complication rate in our sample was 38.71%. The rate of surgical complications in patients treated with ciNPT was 6.9% compared with 31.8% (P = .000) in patients treated with standard closure. In the analysis of complications, a significant reduction in infections (17.1%), seromas (15.4%), and wound dehiscence (17.1%) were observed when ciNPT was applied. The median hospital stay was 8 vs 6 days in the standard closure vs ciNPT groups (P = .048). The use of the prophylactic ciNPT following a laparotomy may decrease wound complications and hospital stays in oncological patients. ciNPT could be considered as part of clinical practice in patients at high risk of wound complications, such as patients with gynaecological malignancies