Planeamiento estratégico para la industria farmacéutica

El mercado farmacéutico peruano ha venido creciendo en forma uniforme en un 3% acumulado en los últimos 10 años siendo uno de los más bajos de la región de Latinoamérica, influenciado por la baja asignación presupuestaria del gasto en salud, fragmentación del sistema de salud, ineficaz marco regulatorio, mercado informal, la carencia del alineamiento de objetivos comunes que permitan favorecer el acceso a medicamentos de calidad a la población. El futuro cercano se muestra favorable por el crecimiento de los indicadores macroeconómicos del Perú como la tasa promedio de crecimiento del producto bruto interno (PBI) de 5.9% anual y el 2% de inflación. El Planeamiento Estratégico de la Industria Farmacéutica ha sido establecido con el objetivo de obtener ventajas de las oportunidades del mercado y de esta manera aplicarlas para superar las debilidades, identificar y utilizar las fortalezas para defenderse de las amenazas, y tomar acciones para minimizar las debilidades y evitar aquellas amenazas; de esta manera, agregar valor al sector. Este plan propone estrategias para garantizar un crecimiento sostenido en los próximos 10 años facilitando el acceso a medicamentos de calidad mediante la sinergia entre los gremios y otros actores involucrados en el desempeño del sector, ejecución presupuestaria, mejora del marco regulatorio, así como el control y vigilancia de su cumplimiento en favor del bienestar del consumidor. El cumplimiento de estas estrategias contribuirá con el objetivo nacional de ser miembro de la Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económicos (OCDE) motivando a otros sectores a enfocarse hacia este objetivo común. Se requiere revisar este plan y actualizarlo de acuerdo con los cambios que ocurran en el sector y en el entorno con el propósito de asegurar el cumplimiento de la visión.The Peruvian pharmaceutical market has uniformly increased at 3% accumulated in the last 10 years, being one of the lowest in the Latin American region, influenced by the low budgetary allocation of health spending, fragmentation of the health system, ineffective regulatory framework, informal market, the lack of alignment of common objectives that facilitate the access to quality medicines for the population. The near future is favorable for the growth of Peru's due to the macroeconomic indicators, such as the average gross domestic product (GDP) annual growth rate of 5.9% and 2% inflation. The Strategic Planning of the Pharmaceutical Industry has been established with the objective of obtaining advantages in the opportunities in the market and in the way in which they are applied, therefore, in the future, ; In this way, add value to the sector. This plan proposes strategies to ensure sustained growth over the next 10 years by facilitating access to quality medicines through synergy between the unions and other actors involved in the performance of the sector, budget execution, improvement of the regulatory framework, as well as control and Monitoring compliance in favor of consumer welfare. The fulfillment of these strategies contributes to the national objective of being a member of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) motivating other sectors to focus on this common objective. It is required to review this plan and update as necessary with the changes that occurred in the sector and in the environment in order to ensure compliance with the vision.Tesi

Effects of hospital facilities on patient outcomes after cancer surgery: an international, prospective, observational study

Background Early death after cancer surgery is higher in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) compared with in high-income countries, yet the impact of facility characteristics on early postoperative outcomes is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the association between hospital infrastructure, resource availability, and processes on early outcomes after cancer surgery worldwide.Methods A multimethods analysis was performed as part of the GlobalSurg 3 study-a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study of patients who had surgery for breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer. The primary outcomes were 30-day mortality and 30-day major complication rates. Potentially beneficial hospital facilities were identified by variable selection to select those associated with 30-day mortality. Adjusted outcomes were determined using generalised estimating equations to account for patient characteristics and country-income group, with population stratification by hospital.Findings Between April 1, 2018, and April 23, 2019, facility-level data were collected for 9685 patients across 238 hospitals in 66 countries (91 hospitals in 20 high-income countries; 57 hospitals in 19 upper-middle-income countries; and 90 hospitals in 27 low-income to lower-middle-income countries). The availability of five hospital facilities was inversely associated with mortality: ultrasound, CT scanner, critical care unit, opioid analgesia, and oncologist. After adjustment for case-mix and country income group, hospitals with three or fewer of these facilities (62 hospitals, 1294 patients) had higher mortality compared with those with four or five (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 3.85 [95% CI 2.58-5.75]; p<0.0001), with excess mortality predominantly explained by a limited capacity to rescue following the development of major complications (63.0% vs 82.7%; OR 0.35 [0.23-0.53]; p<0.0001). Across LMICs, improvements in hospital facilities would prevent one to three deaths for every 100 patients undergoing surgery for cancer.Interpretation Hospitals with higher levels of infrastructure and resources have better outcomes after cancer surgery, independent of country income. Without urgent strengthening of hospital infrastructure and resources, the reductions in cancer-associated mortality associated with improved access will not be realised

Comportamiento Organizacional-AH14-201702

Comportamiento Organizacional es un curso general de la Facultad de Negocios dictado bajo la modalidad blended el cual tiene un enfoque teórico-práctico y está dirigido a estudiantes del sétimo ciclo. Dentro de su objetivo el alumno desarrollará la competencia general Comunicación Oral y la competencia específica Dirección de Personas ambas en nivel 2. El comportamiento organizacional es un campo de estudio en el que se investiga el impacto que los individuos grupos y estructuras tienen en la conducta de las organizaciones con la finalidad de aplicar estos conceptos a la mejora de la eficacia de tales organizaciones. Por ello si las empresas desean obtener resultados positivos es necesario que su capital humano trabaje bajo una estructura organizacional ordenada con una cultura basada en valores y un agradable clima laboral. Este curso ha sido diseñado para que el estudiante gestione la conducta de las personas dentro del mundo de los negocios y contribuya a una mejora del clima organizacional