Estudio para la mejora de las prácticas del Grado y Máster en Trabajo Social: Bases para la modificación del curriculum académico

Este proyecto la Facultad de Trabajo Social de la UCM valora la adecuación de la estructura y los contenidos del practicum de grado de Trabajo Social, para realizar una modificación del mismo acorde a las necesidades formativas teórico-prácticas del alumnado en su futura inserción profesional

Vamos a descubrir Santillana del Mar

El Proyecto 'Vamos a descubrir Santillana del Mar' se desarrolló tanto en el Colegio Jardín de Africa, de Santander, como en la villa de Santillana del Mar. Los profesores implicados, cuatro, son: el Director del centro, la Pedagoga Terapéutica y dos profesoras de Educación Infantil. Los objetivos perseguidos: preparar un material lúdico-didáctico que, mediante la investigación y la observación directa, permita al alumno de segundo curso de Educación Infantil y de quinto curso de Educación Primaria, descubrir el entorno sociocultural de Santillana del Mar. Preparar una dramatización en la que los alumnos de Primaria muestren a los de Infantil Santillana del Mar. El desarrollo fue el siguiente: Búsqueda y clasificación de la información. Diseño y elaboración del material. Aplicación y desarrollo de los materiales diseñados. Evaluación y análisis de resultados y elaboración de la memoria. Se espera obtener un nuevo material motivador que sea útil a cualquier docente interesado en el tema. Se prevé una evaluación final para comprobar los resultados. Los recursos utilizados han sido: fotocopiadora, cámara de fotos, ordenador, escaner, linolium, puntero láser, cámara de video y material fungible. Esta obra no ha sido publicada.CantabriaES

Role of specific microbial communities in the bioavailability of iron in Doñana National Park

The Doñana National Park contains highly complex microbial communities that play critical roles in the bioavailability and biogeochemical cycling of elements. In this study, we analyzed the formation of Fe-rich films on the surface of shallow waters at Doñana National Park as a model for future applications in bioremediation. Phytoplankton composition and abundance, physicochemical measurements, culture enrichments, and molecular detection of microorganisms were determined during this study. Natural samples were incubated in the laboratory and enrichments producing similar phenomena were obtained. Bacteria belonging to the genera Enterobacter were the major participants in surface Fe-film formation in laboratory enrichments. Film formation was dependent on wind exposure and only those sites protected from the direct influence of wind developed these films. A higher concentration of euglenophytes was found in the proximity of film-covered waters. Available iron (Fe2+) and total Fe concentrations were high (18.8 and 46.6 mg/L, respectively) underneath the surface film, and higher than in film-free waters and pore-sediment water. The concentration of phosphate and its availability were higher in the iron-rich film sediment, as 61% of total P was bound to iron oxy-hydroxides. Our results provide evidence of the link between P and Fe biogeochemical cycling in aquatic systems on sandy soils at the Doñana National Park. In addition, they provide significant insights into the bioavailability of these elements with potential interest in the role of microorganisms for metal sequestration in natural environments and utilization in bioremediation processes.The authors acknowledge funding from the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science through project CGL2004-03927-C02-01/BOSPeer reviewe

Predictive value of NT-proBNP combined with exercise capacity variables in pulmonary artery disease: insights from a Spanish cohort

Letter to the editor.4.638 JCR (2015) Q1, 24/124 Cardiac and cardiovascular systemsUE

Aerobic fitness is associated with lower risk of hospitalization in children with cystic fibrosis

Children with cystic fibrosis (CF) often have to be hospitalized because of acute exacerbation of their respiratory symptoms. Given the fact that improved peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) is positively associated with lung function and overall health in children with CF, this study examined the association between VO2peak and the need for hospitalization in a cohort of pediatric CF patients. In a 3-year study, 77 CF children with mild-to-moderately severe CF (forced expiratory volume in 1 sec [FEV1] ≥ 50%) underwent a maximal exercise test to determine VO2peak. Anthropometric, lung function and muscle strength measurements were also conducted and dates of hospitalization were recorded for the study period. Associations were then determined between the variables recorded and hospitalization by univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analyses. VO2peak was 38.6 ± 6.7 ml kg−1 min−1 for boys and 31.9 ± 6.9 ml kg−1 min−1 for girls. In multivariate analyses, VO2peak was the only variable significantly associated with time to hospitalization (hazard ratio 0.91, P = 0.03). A significant association was detected between greater aerobic fitness, and lower risk of hospitalization. Because hospitalization due to respiratory exacerbation is a powerful prognostic factor, our findings provide further support for the importance of aerobic fitness evaluation in the management of children with mild-to-moderately severe CF.2.704 JCR (2014) Q1, 20/119 Pediatrics; Q2, 25/57 Respiratory systemUE

Impact of previous tobacco use with or without cannabis on first psychotic experiences in patients with first-episode psychosis

Objective: There is high prevalence of cigarette smoking in individuals with first-episode psychosis (FEP) prior to psychosis onset. The purpose of the study was to determine the impact of previous tobacco use with or without cannabis on first psychotic experiences in FEP and the impact of this use on age of onset of symptoms, including prodromes. Methods: Retrospective analyses from the naturalistic, longitudinal, multicentre, "Phenotype-Genotype and Environmental Interaction. Application of a Predictive Model in First Psychotic Episodes (PEPs)" Study. The authors analysed sociodemographic/clinical data of 284 FEP patients and 231 matched healthy controls, and evaluated first psychotic experiences of patients using the Symptom Onset in Schizophrenia Inventory. Results: FEP patients had significantly higher prevalence of tobacco, cannabis, and cocaine use than controls. The FEP group with tobacco use only prior to onset (N = 56) had more sleep disturbances (42.9% vs 18.8%, P = 0.003) and lower prevalence of negative symptoms, specifically social withdrawal (33.9% vs 58%, P = 0.007) than FEP with no substance use (N = 70), as well as lower prevalence of ideas of reference (80.4% vs 92.4%, P = 0.015), perceptual abnormalities (46.4% vs 67.4%, P = 0.006), hallucinations (55.4% vs 71.5%, P = 0.029), and disorganised thinking (41.1% vs 61.1%, P = 0.010) than FEP group with previous tobacco and cannabis use (N = 144). FEP patients with cannabis and tobacco use had lower age at first prodromal or psychotic symptom (mean = 23.73 years [SD = 5.09]) versus those with tobacco use only (mean = 26.21 [SD = 4.80]) (P = 0.011). Conclusions: The use of tobacco alone was not related to earlier age of onset of a first psychotic experience, but the clinical profile of FEP patients is different depending on previous tobacco use with or without cannabis

Effects of an 8-month exercise intervention on physical capacity, NT-proBNP, physical activity levels and quality of life data in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension by NYHA class

This article provides descriptive detailed (pre and post) values of physical capacity variables, NT-proBNP, physical activity levels and quality of life in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PH) (both, intervention and control group) by New York Heart Association (NYHA) class before and after an 8-month exercise intervention. The data are supplemental to our original Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) entitled “Benefits of skeletal-muscle exercise training in pulmonary arterial hypertension: The WHOLEi+12 trial” (L. González-Saiz, C. Fiuza-Luces, F. Sanchis-Gomar, A. Santos-Lozano, C.A. Quezada-Loaiza, A. Flox-Camacho, D. Munguía-Izquierdo, I. Ara, A. Santalla, M. Morán, P. Sanz-Ayan, P. Escribano-Subías, A. Lucia A, 2017) .Sin financiaciónNo data JCR 20170.341 SJR (2017) Q1, 28/115 Multidisciplinary; Q2, 515/1261 EducationNo data IDR 2017UE

Benefits of skeletal-muscle exercise training in pulmonary arterial hypertension: The WHOLEi + 12 trial

Pulmonary arterial hypertension is often associated with skeletal-muscle weakness. The purpose of this randomized controlled trial was to determine the effects of an 8-week intervention combining muscle resistance, aerobic and inspiratory pressure-load exercises on upper/lower-body muscle power and other functional variables in patients with this disease. Participants were allocated to a control (standard care) or intervention (exercise) group (n = 20 each, 45 ± 12 and 46 ± 11 years, 60% women and 10% patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension per group). The intervention included five, three and six supervised (inhospital) sessions/week of aerobic, resistance and inspiratory muscle training, respectively. The primary endpoint was peak muscle power during bench/leg press; secondary outcomes included N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide levels, 6-min walking distance, five-repetition sit-to-stand test, maximal inspiratory pressure, cardiopulmonary exercise testing variables (e.g., peak oxygen uptake), health-related quality of life, physical activity levels, and safety. Adherence to training sessions averaged 94 ± 0.5% (aerobic), 98 ± 0.3% (resistance) and 91 ± 1% (inspiratory training). Analysis of variance showed a significant interaction (group × time) effect for leg/bench press (P 0.1). We found a significant interaction effect (P < 0.001) for five-repetition sit-to-stand test, maximal inspiratory pressure and peak oxygen uptake (P < 0.001), indicating a training-induced improvement. No major adverse event was noted due to exercise. An 8-week exercise intervention including aerobic, resistance and specific inspiratory muscle training is safe for patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension and yields significant improvements in muscle power and other functional variables.Sin financiación4.034 JCR (2017) Q2, 41/128 Cardiac and Cardiovascular Systems1.200 SJR (2017) Q1, 78/369 Cardiology and Cardiovascular MedicineNo data IDR 2017UE

Age at first episode modulates diagnosis-related structurals brain abnormalities in patients with first-episode psychosis.

Brain volume and thickness abnormalities have been reported in first-episode psychosis (FEP). However, it is unclear if and how they are modulated by brain developmental stage (and, therefore, by age at FEP as a proxy). This is a multicenter cross-sectional case-control brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study. Patients with FEP (n = 196), 65.3% males, with a wide age at FEP span (12-35 y), and healthy controls (HC) (n = 157), matched for age, sex, and handedness, were scanned at 6 sites. Gray matter volume and thickness measurements were generated for several brain regions using FreeSurfer software. The nonlinear relationship between age at scan (a proxy for age at FEP in patients) and volume and thickness measurements was explored in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD), affective psychoses (AFP), and HC. Earlier SSD cases (ie, FEP before 15-20 y) showed significant volume and thickness deficits in frontal lobe, volume deficits in temporal lobe, and volume enlargements in ventricular system and basal ganglia. First-episode AFP patients had smaller cingulate cortex volume and thicker temporal cortex only at early age at FEP (before 18-20 y). The AFP group also had age-constant (12-35-y age span) volume enlargements in the frontal and parietal lobe. Our study suggests that age at first episode modulates the structural brain abnormalities found in FEP patients in a nonlinear and diagnosis-dependent manner. Future MRI studies should take these results into account when interpreting samples with different ages at onset and diagnosis

Rationale and design of a randomized controlled trial evaluating whole muscle exercise training effects in outpatients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (WHOLEi+12)

Physical exercise is an important component in the management of pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH). The aim of this randomized controlled trial (RCT) is to determine the effects of an 8-week intervention combining muscle resistance, aerobic and inspiratory pressure load exercises in PAH outpatients. The RCT will be conducted from September 2015 to September 2016 following the recommendations of the Consolidated Standards of Reported Trials (CONSORT), with a total sample size of n ≥ 48 (≥24 participants/group). We will determine the effects of the intervention on: (i) skeletal-muscle power and mass (primary end points); and (ii) NT-proBNP, cardiopulmonary exercise testing variables (VO2peak, ventilatory equivalent for CO2 at the anaerobic threshold (VE/VCO2 at the AT), end-tidal pressure of CO2 at the anaerobic threshold (PETCO2 at the AT), 6-min walking distance (6MWD), maximal inspiratory pressure (PImax), health-related quality of life (HRQoL), objectively-assessed spontaneous levels of physical activity, and safety (secondary end points). This trial will provide insight into biological mechanisms of the disease and indicate the potential benefits of exercise in PAH outpatients, particularly on muscle power.Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias (PS12/00194)3.189 (2015) Q2, 68/253 Pharmacology & pharmacy, 42/124 Cardiac & cardiovascular systemsUE