Comportamiento económico de los últimos cazadores- recolectores y primeras evidencias de domesticación en el occidente de Asturias. La Cueva de Mazaculos II

The study of the economic behaviour of the last hunter-gatherers of the Cantabrian Mesolithic, mainly dominated by the rich assemblages related to marine exploitation, has limited evidences of terrestrial mammals consumption, which implies a break with the general trend observed during the Upper Palaeolithic. The reasons behind this change and its implication in the demography of the region are assessed here with the detailed archaezoological and taphonomical analysis of the macromammals of Mazaculos II Cave (Ribadedeva, Asturias), a shell-midden that houses one of the most important fossil deposits of this period. In addition the first signs of domestication in Western Cantabria are presented.El estudio del comportamiento económico desarrollado por los últimos grupos de cazadores-recolectores del Mesolítico Cantábrico, fundamentalmente dominado por el abundante registro de la explotación del medio marino, cuenta con reducidas evidencias del consumo de mamíferos terrestres, en lo que supone una ruptura con la tendencia observada durante el Paleolítico Superior. Las causas de este cambio y su implicación en la demografía de la región se investigan en este trabajo mediante el análisis arqueozoológico y tafonómico detallado de la macrofauna del yacimiento de Mazaculos II (Ribadedeva, Asturias), un conchero que alberga uno de los depósitos fósiles más importantes del período. Adicionalmente se presentan los primeros indicios de domesticación en el Cantábrico occidental

Collaborative environments to the innovation supported by smart agent with sustainable approach

Existe una nueva categoría de herramientas emergentes conocidas como CAI (innovación asistida por ordenador). CAI ha ido creciendo como respuesta a las mayores demandas de fiabilidad de la industria en productos innovadores, bajo el paradigma de Industria 4.0. Algunas ideas y conceptos iniciales de CAI se basan en la asistencia al diseñador de productos en las etapas tempranas del proceso de diseño y desarrollo de productos. El objetivo de estas herramientas es ayudar a los innovadores, inventores, diseñadores, desarrolladores de procesos y gerentes en su desempeño creativo, con la expectativa de cambios en los paradigmas a través del uso de esta nueva categoría de herramientas de software. Por ello, se ha elaborado un entorno colaborativo para la innovación soportado por agentes inteligentes distribuidos con enfoque sostenible, dando soporte en las etapas tempranas del diseño y desarrollo del producto a través de una nueva herramienta CAI. Al mismo tiempo se ha desarrollado una estructura de conocimiento basado en commonKADS implementándola en cinco agentes inteligentes distribuidos para dar soporte al entorno colaborativo.Currently there is a new category of emerging tools known as CAI (Computer Assisted Innovation). CAI has been growing as a response to greater demands of reliability on the industry in innovative products, under the paradigm of Industry 4.0. Some ideas and initial concepts of CAI are based on the assistance to the product designer in the early stages of the product design and development process. The aim of these tools is to help innovators, inventors, designers, process developers and managers in their creative performance, expecting changes in the paradigm through the use of this new category of software tools. Therefore, a collaborative environment for innovation supported by intelligent agents distributed with a sustainable approach has been developed, providing support in the early stages of product design and development through a new CAI tool. At the same time, a knowledge structure based on commonKADS has been developed, implementing it in five distributed intelligent agents to support the collaborative environment

Optimización de sistemas de fabricación ciberfísicos en industria 4.0 con big data

El combustible de la cuarta revolución industrial, apodada como "Industria 4.0" por el Gobierno Alemán, será Big Data la cual estará disponible a través de Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS). El objetivo es crear fábricas inteligentes, en las que las máquinas y los recursos se comuniquen como en una red social. Tal fábrica inteligente, estará diseñada para producir Smart Product (productos inteligentes) que sabrán cómo se han producido a la vez que recopilarán y transmitirán datos a medida que son utilizados; estas enormes cantidades de datos (Big Data) se recopilarán y analizarán en tiempo real. Para ello, desarrollaremos una visión holística para la aplicación de big data tanto del ciclo de vida del producto, el negocio que conlleva dicho producto, la infraestructura necesaria para su fabricación y el proceso productivo que lo materializa.The fuel of the four industrial revolution , called “Industry 4.0” by the German govern, will be Big Data which will be available through Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS). The goal is create smart factories. In this factories the machines and the resources will be communicate like a social network. The smart factory will be design to produced smart product. This products will know how they have produced while they will collect and transmit data as they are used. This Big Data will be collected and will be analyzed in streaming. To do this, we will develop a holistic vision for the application of big data both in the life cycle of the product, the business that this product entails, the necessary infrastructure for its manufacture and the productive process that materializes it.Plan Propio de la Universidad de Sevilla Proyecto: 2017/0000096

Genome-wide identification of genes involved in growth and fermentation activity at low temperature in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Fermentation at low temperatures is one of the most popular current winemaking practices because of its reported positive impact on the aromatic profile of wines. However, low temperature is an additional hurdle to develop Saccharomyces cerevisiae wine yeasts, which are already stressed by high osmotic pressure, low pH and poor availability of nitrogen sources in grape must. Understanding the mechanisms of adaptation of S. cerevisiae to fermentation at low temperature would help to design strategies for process management, and to select and improve wine yeast strains specifically adapted to this winemaking practice. The problem has been addressed by several approaches in recent years, including transcriptomic and other high-throughput strategies. In this work we used a genome-wide screening of S. cerevisiae diploid mutant strain collections to identify genes that potentially contribute to adaptation to low temperature fermentation conditions. Candidate genes, impaired for growth at low temperatures (12 °C and 18 °C), but not at a permissive temperature (28 °C), were deleted in an industrial homozygous genetic background, wine yeast strain FX10, in both heterozygosis and homozygosis. Some candidate genes were required for growth at low temperatures only in the laboratory yeast genetic background, but not in FX10 (namely the genes involved in aromatic amino acid biosynthesis). Other genes related to ribosome biosynthesis (SNU66 and PAP2) were required for low-temperature fermentation of synthetic must (SM) in the industrial genetic background. This result coincides with our previous findings about translation efficiency with the fitness of different wine yeast strains at low temperature.Funding from the Spanish Government trough MINECO and FEDER funds: MINECO AGL2012-32064 and AGL2015-63629-R grants, INIA RM2012-00007-00-00 grant, MINECO RTC-2014-2186-2 and MINECO PCIN-2015-143 grants is acknowledged.Peer reviewe

Carbon Emission Evaluation of CO2 Curing in Vibro-Compacted Precast Concrete Made with Recycled Aggregates

The objective of the present study was to explore three types of vibro-compacted precast concrete mixtures replacing fine and coarse gravel with a recycled/mixed concrete aggregate (RCA or MCA). The portlandite phase found in RCA and MCA by XRD is a “potential” CO2 sink. CO2 curing improved the compressive strength in all the mixtures studied. One tonne of the mixtures studied could be decarbonised after only 7 days of curing 13,604, 36,077 and 24,635 m3 of air using natural aggregates, RCA or MCA, respectively. The compressive strength obtained, XRD, TGA/DTA and carbon emission evaluation showed that curing longer than 7 days in CO2 was pointless. The total CO2 emissions by a mixture using CO2 curing at 7 days were 221.26, 204.38 and 210.05 kg CO2 eq/m3 air using natural aggregates, RCA or MCA, respectively. The findings of this study provide a valuable contribution to carbon emission evaluation of CO2 curing in vibro-compacted precast concrete with recycled/mixed concrete aggregates (RCA or MCA). The technology proposed in this research facilitates carbon capture and use and guarantees enhanced compressive strength of the concrete samples

Fabricación cognitiva en el contexto de Industry 4.0

La Industria 4.0 implica la promesa de una nueva revolución que combina técnicas avanzadas de producción y operaciones, con tecnologías inteligentes que se integrarán en las organizaciones, las personas y los activos. Esta revolución está marcada por la aparición de nuevas herramientas, como es la fabricación cognitiva, la cual trata de implementar el proceso cognitivo a los sistemas de fabricación. El término “cognición” hace referencia a los procesos mentales, como son: la percepción, la memoria, el pensamiento, el aprendizaje y el lenguaje. De manera que las ciencias cognitivas requieren un enfoque interdisciplinario, que incluye la psicología, las neurociencias y la lingüística [1]. La fabricación cognitiva trata de integrar la cognición en los procesos de fabricación para dotarlos de inteligencia, además de permitirnos interaccionar con los mismos de forma natural.Industry 4.0 implies the promise of a new revolution that combines advanced production techniques and operations, with intelligent technologies that will be integrated into organizations, people and assets. This revolution is marked by the emergence of new tools, such as cognitive manufacturing, which tries to implement the cognitive process to manufacturing systems. The term “cognition” refers to mental processes, such as: perception, memory, thinking, learning and language. Thus, cognitive sciences require an interdisciplinary approach, which includes psychology, neuroscience and linguistics [1]. Cognitive manufacturing tries to integrate cognition in manufacturing processes to equip them with intelligence, in addition to allowing us to interact with them in a natural way

Influence of the temperature and the genotype of the HSP90AA1 gene over sperm chromatin stability in Manchega rams

The present study addresses the effect of heat stress on males' reproduction ability. For that, we have evaluated the sperm DNA fragmentation (DFI) by SCSA of ejaculates incubated at 37°C during 0, 24 and 48 hours after its collection, as a way to mimic the temperature circumstances to which spermatozoa will be subject to in the ewe uterus. The effects of temperature and temperature-humidity index (THI) from day 60 prior collection to the date of semen collection on DFI were examined. To better understand the causes determining the sensitivity of spermatozoa to heat, this study was conducted in 60 males with alternative genotypes for the SNP G/C-660 of the HSP90AA1 promoter, which encode for the Hsp90α protein. The Hsp90α protein predominates in the brain and testis, and its role in spermatogenesis has been described in several species. Ridge regression analyses showed that days 29 to 35 and 7 to 14 before sperm collection (bsc) were the most critical regarding the effect of heat stress over DFI values. Mixed model analyses revealed that DFI increases over a threshold of 30°C for maximum temperature and 22 for THI at days 29 to 35 and 7 to 14 bsc only in animals carrying the GG-660 genotype. The period 29-35 bsc coincide with the meiosis I process for which the effect of the Hsp90α has been described in mice. The period 7-14 bsc may correspond with later stages of the meiosis II and early stages of epididymal maturation in which the replacement of histones by protamines occurs. Because of GG-660 genotype has been associated to lower levels of HSP90AA1 expression, suboptimal amounts of HSP90AA1 mRNA in GG-660 animals under heat stress conditions make spermatozoa DNA more susceptible to be fragmented. Thus, selecting against the GG-660 genotype could decrease the DNA fragmentation and spermatozoa thermal susceptibility in the heat season, and its putative subsequent fertility gains.This work was supported by RTA2009-00098-00-00 INIA project (Subprograma de Investigación Fundamental orientada a los Recursos y Tecnologías Agrarias).Peer Reviewe

Differences in the Ovine HSP90AA1 Gene Expression Rates Caused by Two Linked Polymorphisms at Its Promoter Affect Rams Sperm DNA Fragmentation under Environmental Heat Stress Conditions

Heat shock (HS) is one of the best-studied exogenous cellular stresses. Almost all tissues, cell types, metabolic pathways and biochemical reactions are affected in greater or lesser extent by HS. However, there are some especially thermo sensible cellular types such as the mammalian male germ cells. The present study examined the role of three INDELs in conjunction with the -660G/C polymorphism located at the HSP90AA1 promoter region over the gene expression rate under HS. Specially, the -668insC INDEL, which is very close to the -660G/C transversion, is a good candidate to be implied in the transcriptional regulation of the gene by itself or in a cooperative way with this SNP. Animals carrying the genotype II-668 showed higher transcription rates than those with ID-668 (FC = 3.07) and DD-668 (FC = 3.40) genotypes for samples collected under HS. A linkage between gene expression and sperm DNA fragmentation was also found. When HS conditions were present along or in some stages of the spermatogenesis, alternative genotypes of the -668insC and -660G/C mutations are involved in the effect of HS over sperm DNA fragmentation. Thus, unfavorable genotypes in terms of gene expression induction (ID-668GC-660 and DD-668GG-660) do not produce enough mRNA (stored as messenger ribonucleoprotein particles) and Hsp90α protein to cope with future thermal stress which might occur in posterior stages when transcriptional activity is reduced and cell types and molecular processes are more sensible to heat (spermatocytes in pachytene and spermatids protamination). This would result in the impairment of DNA packaging and the consequent commitment of the events occurring shortly after fertilization and during embryonic development. In the short-term, the assessment of the relationship between sperm DNA fragmentation sensitivity and ram’s fertility will be of interest to a better understanding of the mechanisms of response to HS and its consequences on animal production and reproduction performance.Publishe

Utilización de las Redes Sociales como parte de las actividades académicas y profesionales de los estudiantes del Máster Universitario en Comercio Electrónico

Fac. de Comercio y TurismoFALSEsubmitte

Manual para la utilización y conservación de variedades locales de cultivo, frutales y leñosas

Consejería de Agricultura y Pesca de la Junta de Andalucía 92162/