Aspectos fisiológicos de plantas de milho infectadas por molicutes sob diferentes níveis de água no solo.

Os mecanismos de patogenicidade e efeitos dos molicutes (espiroplasma e fitoplasma) na fisiologia de plantas de milho sao pouco conhecidos. Com esse objetivo, avaliaram-se em casa de vegetacao, caracteristicas fisiologicas de plantas de milho submetidas ou nao a inoculacao com molicutes e cultivadas sob diferentes niveis de agua no solo, correspondentes a reposicao de 40, 60, 80 e 100% da disponibilidade total de agua. Cada parcela experimental foi constituida por um vaso com duas plantas e repetida 6 vezes. Para inoculacao, cigarrinhas Dalbulus maidis, vetor dos patogenos, coletadas em campo, foram confinadas nas plantulas por 7 dias. Foram avaliados os sintomas das doencas causadas por esses patogenos nas plantas de milho, sendo feita deteccao de fitoplasma por PCR e de espiroplasma por Western blotting. A inoculacao aumentou significativamente o potencial hidrico e a quantidade de agua por unidade de materia seca nas plantas. Esse efeito pode ser provavelmente atribuido a interferencia dos patogenos na fisiologia das plantas, mediante producao de substancias de crescimento, causando aumento na resistencia estomatica, reducao na transpiracao e consequentemente maior retencao de agua nos tecidos. Esse mecanismo poderia evitar alteracoes na concentracao osmotica das celulas, que sao prejudiciais ao desenvolvimento desses procariontes sem parede celular. A inoculacao aumentou tambem a proliferacao de espigas, efeito geralmente causado pelo desbalanco hormonal, e reduziu a area foliar, altura da planta, materia seca da planta e de graos.VASCONCELLOS, C.A

Plantio de arroz em consórcio com pastagem Sistema Barreirão: análise econômica.

No sentido de testar a tecnologia Sistema Barreirão fora dos campos experimentais do CNPAF, na safra 1987/88 foram implantadas 5 Unidades Demonstrativas nos Estados de Goiás e Mato Grosso, onde a produtividade media de arroz alcançada foi de 2.063 kg/ha.bitstream/item/26060/1/comt-25.pd

Sistema Nacional de Parcelas Permanentes: proposta de modelo metodológico.

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Impact of safety-related dose reductions or discontinuations on sustained virologic response in HCV-infected patients: Results from the GUARD-C Cohort

Background: Despite the introduction of direct-acting antiviral agents for chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, peginterferon alfa/ribavirin remains relevant in many resource-constrained settings. The non-randomized GUARD-C cohort investigated baseline predictors of safety-related dose reductions or discontinuations (sr-RD) and their impact on sustained virologic response (SVR) in patients receiving peginterferon alfa/ribavirin in routine practice. Methods: A total of 3181 HCV-mono-infected treatment-naive patients were assigned to 24 or 48 weeks of peginterferon alfa/ribavirin by their physician. Patients were categorized by time-to-first sr-RD (Week 4/12). Detailed analyses of the impact of sr-RD on SVR24 (HCV RNA <50 IU/mL) were conducted in 951 Caucasian, noncirrhotic genotype (G)1 patients assigned to peginterferon alfa-2a/ribavirin for 48 weeks. The probability of SVR24 was identified by a baseline scoring system (range: 0-9 points) on which scores of 5 to 9 and <5 represent high and low probability of SVR24, respectively. Results: SVR24 rates were 46.1 % (754/1634), 77.1% (279/362), 68.0% (514/756), and 51.3% (203/396), respectively, in G1,2, 3, and 4 patients. Overall, 16.9% and 21.8% patients experienced 651 sr-RD for peginterferon alfa and ribavirin, respectively. Among Caucasian noncirrhotic G1 patients: female sex, lower body mass index, pre-existing cardiovascular/pulmonary disease, and low hematological indices were prognostic factors of sr-RD; SVR24 was lower in patients with 651 vs. no sr-RD by Week 4 (37.9% vs. 54.4%; P = 0.0046) and Week 12 (41.7% vs. 55.3%; P = 0.0016); sr-RD by Week 4/12 significantly reduced SVR24 in patients with scores <5 but not 655. Conclusions: In conclusion, sr-RD to peginterferon alfa-2a/ribavirin significantly impacts on SVR24 rates in treatment-naive G1 noncirrhotic Caucasian patients. Baseline characteristics can help select patients with a high probability of SVR24 and a low probability of sr-RD with peginter-feron alfa-2a/ribavirin

Impact of Safety-Related Dose Reductions or Discontinuations on Sustained Virologic Response in HCV-Infected Patients: Results from the GUARD-C Cohort.

BACKGROUND: Despite the introduction of direct-acting antiviral agents for chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, peginterferon alfa/ribavirin remains relevant in many resource-constrained settings. The non-randomized GUARD-C cohort investigated baseline predictors of safety-related dose reductions or discontinuations (sr-RD) and their impact on sustained virologic response (SVR) in patients receiving peginterferon alfa/ribavirin in routine practice. METHODS: A total of 3181 HCV-mono-infected treatment-naive patients were assigned to 24 or 48 weeks of peginterferon alfa/ribavirin by their physician. Patients were categorized by time-to-first sr-RD (Week 4/12). Detailed analyses of the impact of sr-RD on SVR24 (HCV RNA <50 IU/mL) were conducted in 951 Caucasian, noncirrhotic genotype (G)1 patients assigned to peginterferon alfa-2a/ribavirin for 48 weeks. The probability of SVR24 was identified by a baseline scoring system (range: 0-9 points) on which scores of 5 to 9 and <5 represent high and low probability of SVR24, respectively. RESULTS: SVR24 rates were 46.1% (754/1634), 77.1% (279/362), 68.0% (514/756), and 51.3% (203/396), respectively, in G1, 2, 3, and 4 patients. Overall, 16.9% and 21.8% patients experienced ≥1 sr-RD for peginterferon alfa and ribavirin, respectively. Among Caucasian noncirrhotic G1 patients: female sex, lower body mass index, pre-existing cardiovascular/pulmonary disease, and low hematological indices were prognostic factors of sr-RD; SVR24 was lower in patients with ≥1 vs. no sr-RD by Week 4 (37.9% vs. 54.4%; P = 0.0046) and Week 12 (41.7% vs. 55.3%; P = 0.0016); sr-RD by Week 4/12 significantly reduced SVR24 in patients with scores <5 but not ≥5. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, sr-RD to peginterferon alfa-2a/ribavirin significantly impacts on SVR24 rates in treatment-naive G1 noncirrhotic Caucasian patients. Baseline characteristics can help select patients with a high probability of SVR24 and a low probability of sr-RD with peginterferon alfa-2a/ribavirin.This study was sponsored by F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland. Support for third-party writing assistance for this manuscript, furnished by Blair Jarvis MSc, ELS, of Health Interactions, was provided by F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland

Produção animal no Brasil: caracterização, simulação de cenários para pastagens e alternativas de adaptação às mudanças climáticas.

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