Quantum dynamics via a hidden Liouville space

Quantum dynamics for arbitrary system are traditionally realized by time evolutions of wave functions in Hilbert space and/or density operators in Liouville space. However, the traditional simulations may occasionally turn out to be challenging for the quantum dynamics, particularly those governed by the nonlinear Hamiltonians. In this letter, we introduce a nonstandard iterative technique where time interval is divided into a large number of discrete subintervals with an ultrashort duration; and the Liouville space is briefly expanded with an additional (virtual) space only within these subintervals. We choose two-state spin raising and lowering operators for virtual space operators because of their simple algebra. This tremendously reduces the cost of time-consuming calculations. We implement our technique for an example of a charged particle in both harmonic and anharmonic potentials. The temporal evolutions of the probability for the particle being in the ground state are obtained numerically and compared to the analytical solutions. We further discuss the physics insight of this technique based on a thought-experiment. Successive processes intrinsically 'hitchhiking' via virtual space in discrete ultrashort time duration, are the hallmark of our simple iterative technique. We believe that this novel technique has potential for solving numerous problems which often pose a challenge when using the traditional approach based on time-ordered exponentials.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figure

Omicron SARS-CoV-2 Variant: What We Do Know so Far?

No abstract in Englis

Influenza and COVID-19 Outbreak

No abstract in Englis

Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): Vaccine Access and Allocation

No abstract in Englis

Increased Resting Heart Rate and Genetic Variability

No abstract in Englis

モンゴル国ウランバートル市の持続的廃棄物管理の改善のためのLCAと多基準意思決定分析

In last years, as the lifestyle and socio-economic situation of the citizens is changing, in this regards amount of the municipal waste and type of waste are also increasing in the Ulaanbaatar city. This research analyzed each of the four waste disposal methods, to develop and select the waste management best option. To estimates economic efficiency Life cycle cost analysis methods based on the municipal waste disposal budget data; used tool a Cost-benefit analysis of each scenario explores opportunities to increase waste revenues and reduce annual costs. Also analyzes Life cycle impact assessment for each waste treatment option and includes a Life cycle assessment that considers direct and indirect GHG emissions during landfilling, waste incineration, composting, recycling, or energy consumption from waste treatment in Ulaanbaatar city. This research was conducted based on the Multi criteria decision analysis method for evaluating the performance of each scenario considered hereafter as well as interviews with experts. These interviews were used to identify key ideas related to waste management. These issues have been considered using Technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution analysis to determine the potential impacts of environmental, economic, technical, and social factors, which were analyzed for each waste disposal method to develop and select the best option. As the result, MBT plant has not been advantageous considering all criteria. However, waste incineration is the most cost-effective option in Ulaanbaatar city in terms of saving coal resources and reducing coal production.北九州市立大

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SECONDARY PARTICLES FROM π-C INTERACTIONS AT 40 GEV/C IN DIFFERENT NUCLEAR MATTER PHASES

In this paper we have presented the angular and momentum characteristics of the secondary particles from Π–C interactions at 40 GeV/c in different phase transition regions of nuclear matter