No Stress System Requires Recursive Feet

A recursive foot is one in which a foot is embedded inside another foot of the same type: e.g., iambic (iaσ(iaσσ́)) or trochaic (tr(trσ́σ)σ). Recent work has used such feet to model stress systems with full or partial ternary rhythm, in which stress falls on every third syllable or mora. I show here that no stress system requires recursive feet, that phonological processes in such languages likely don't either, and that the notion of recursive foot is theoretically suspect.Un peu mètric recursiu és aquell que està incrustat dins d'un altre peu del mateix tipus: p. ex., un peu recursiu iàmbic (iaσ(iaσσ́)) o un peu recursiu trocaic (tr(trσ́σ)σ). Alguns treballs recents han fet servir aquest tipus de peu per modelar sistemes accentuals amb ritme ternari total o parcial, en què l'accent recau sobre cada tercera síl·laba o mora. En aquest article mostro que cap sistema accentual requereix peus recursius, que els processos fonològics d'aquestes suposades llengües no hi fan referència, i que la noció de peu recursiu és sospitosa des d'un punt de vista teòric

Developing an Operational Model of Sustainable Recreation: A Qualitative Study of USDA Forest Service Southwestern Region National Forests

This thesis describes a qualitative investigation of the implementation of the Southwestern Strategy for Sustainable Recreation. Its purpose is to elaborate an operational model of sustainable recreation management. Eleven forest-level public land outdoor recreation management programs in the Southwestern Region of the USDA Forest Service developed five-year sustainable recreation action-plans in 2015 under the guidance of the Regional strategy. The purpose of this case-study research is to investigate how individual national forest-level recreation programs in the Southwestern Region operationalized sustainable recreation during the study time frame.;The grounded theory research approach applied in this research study reveals empirical knowledge about how sustainable recreation was implemented at the forest-level from an on-the-ground perspective. Grounded in the data, foundational relationships are presented which are essential to sustainable recreation program delivery. In addition, action-oriented components areas are identified for a sustainable recreation program. The researcher also highlights study findings which indicated how interrelationships between: the Recreation Program, the Agency, and the Community can increase the capacity of public land outdoor recreation programs. The emergent operational model developed through this study can help recreation managers to assess their own recreation program and build capacity

Ancient Greek Pitch Accent, Not Stress*

Ancient Greek accent involves both stress and tone (Allen 1973, Steriade 1988). We present here a new piece of evidence for the details of the tonal part, based on a lowering process whereby a H tone on the final TBU of a word lowers if the word is followed by another tonic word: H...H → L...H. This is essentially what is reported for Rimi, a Tanzanian Bantu language, where HH loses the first of its H tones (Olson 1964, ‘Anti-Meeussen’s Rule’). If correct, this motivates three tonal classes in Ancient Greek: HL* in words like basiléˈàà ‘king.acc’ (Sauzet 1989, Golston 1990) and two additional classes, H*L in basiˈléù ‘king.voc’ and H in basiˈleús ‘king.nom’.

Diphthongs are micro-feet: Prominence and sonority in the nucleus

In this paper we look at prominence in diphthongs and argue that diphthongs are structured in the same way metrical feet are. We propose a set of OT constraints that generates a typology of micro-feet. These are either iambic or trochaic or they are quality/sonority-sensitive with default to iamb or trochee in case of sonority plateaus (i.e., úi and íu). Crucially, we did not find any language with quantity-sensitive micro-feet. This gap is explained by the assumption that diphthongs are maximally bimoraic and that length in diphthongs is phonologically represented as mora sharing. For a quantity-sensitivity constraint targeting pairs of moras the two vowels in a diphthong are thus indistinguishable and prominence determination is left to sonority or foot form constraints which locate the prominence at an edge of the foot

Clitics in Homeric Greek: Less Evidence that PIE was Head-Final

Proceedings of the Fifteenth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (1989), pp. 346-35

Continuous, Interactive, and Online: A Framework for Experiential Learning with Working Adults

This Article has supplementary content. View the full record on NSUWorks here

Testing and Improving a UAV-Based System Designed for Wetland Methane Source Measurements

Wetlands are the single highest emitting methane source category, but the magnitude of wetland fluxes remains difficult to fully characterize due to their large spatial extent and heterogeneity. Fluxes can vary with land surface conditions, vegetation type, and seasonal changes in environmental conditions. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are an emerging platform to better characterize spatial variability in these natural ecosystems. While presenting some advantages over traditional techniques like towers and flux chambers, in that they are mobile vertically and horizontally, their use is still challenging, requiring continued improvement in sensor technology and field measurement approaches. In this work, we employ a small, fast response laser spectrometer on a Matrice 600 hexacopter. The system was previously deployed successfully for 40 flights conducted in a four-day period in 2018 near Fairbanks, Alaska. These flights revealed several potential areas for improvement, including: vertical positioning accuracy, the need for sensor health indicators, and approaches to deal with low wind speeds. An additional set of flights was conducted this year near Antioch in California. Flights were conducted several meters above ground up to 15-25 m in a curtain pattern. These curtains were flown both upwind and downwind of a tower site, allowing us to calculate a mass balance methane flux estimate that can be compared to eddy covariance fluxes from the tower. Testing will better characterize the extent to which altitude drifts in-flight and how GPS values compare with measurements from the onboard LIDAR, as well as the agreement between two-dimensional wind speed and direction on the ground versus measured onboard the UAV. Hardware improvements to the sensor and GPS are being considered to help reduce these sources of uncertainty. Results of this testing and how system performance relates to needs for quantifying wetland fluxes, will be presented