Attitfde and behaviofrs of pesticide dealers on pest management in Tfrkey: A stfdy of nevsehir province

The aim of the study was to determine the structure, knowledge level, functions in pest management and opinions of pesticide dealers in Nevsehir province. Complete counting method has been employed in 2018 to acquire survey data from 50 pesticide dealers located in the Central, Derinkuyu, Gülsehir, Ürgüp, Kozakli, Avanos, Acigol and Hacibektas districts of Nevsehir and the results have been assessed on a percentage ratio. It has been observed that majority of the pesticide dealers are male (84%), university graduate (78%), and mostly experienced and a graduate of agricultural faculty (76%). Pesticide dealers have indicated that among pesticide groups, it is insecticides that are selling most (66%), they are getting pesticides from wholesalers (62%), paying in cash (66%), they are in constant contact with agricultural organizations (66%) and they are having problems with regards to the diagnosis of physiological and pathologic diseases (58%). Farmers have stated that they are consulting the pesticide dealers on how, when and how much pesticide to use (86%), getting recommendations on pesticide selection (64%), that price is a major factor in buying pesticide (48%), they are applying the suggested pesticide dosage in a medium level (58%) and that pesticides are partially effective (50%). Pesticide dealers have stated that look for licenced (44%) and economical pesticides (36%), that they are not in favour of pesticides being sold with prescription (46%), that integrated pest management and early warning system is implemented in low levels only (34%), that they are introducing the products to farmers (44%), that pesticide companies are introducing new products (68%) and that majority of the farmers are not using bio-pesticides. © 2019 Parlar Scientific Publications. All rights reserved

Determination of the energy input-output analysis and economic efficiency of pumpkin seed {Cucurbita Pepo L.) production in Turkey: A case study of Nevsehir Province

In this study, the energy use of inputs and outputs employed by the enterprises producing pumpkin seed in Nevsehir's Central, Acigol, Urgup districts and towns in Turkey were determined. The inputs were classified into direct, indirect, renewable and non-renewable energy groups. For energy use efficiency calculation purposes; energy output-input ratio, specific energy, energy productivity and net energy calculations were performed. In the study, survey, questionnaire, observation, measurement and calculation methods were employed. Based on the "Proportional Sampling Method", the study was take place in Nevsehir's Central, Acigol and Urgup districts, where 23 villages were randomly selected from each district, combining to make up a total number of 23 villages and 198 enterprises. Regarding pumpkin seed production, energy input was calculated as 35905.24 MJ ha-1, while energy output was calculated as 9005.45 MJ ha-1 and energy output-input ratio was defined as 0.25. The composition of energy inputs is 45.08% (16184.42 MJ ha-1) chemical fertilizers energy, 32.42% electricity energy (11639.52 MJ ha-1), 9.14% (3282.87 MJ ha-1) diesel fuel energy, 8.98% (3222.79 MJ ha-1) irrigation water energy, 3.29% (1182.60 MJ ha-1) machinery energy, 0.43% (156.11 MJ ha-1) seed energy, 0.33% (119.21 MJ ha-1) human labour energy, 0.17% chemicals energy (60.72 MJ ha-1) and 0.16% (57 MJ ha-1) farmyard manure energy. Energy use efficiency, specific energy, energy productivity and net energy in pumpkin seed production were calculated as 0.25, 46.45 MJ kg- 1, 0.02 kg MJ- 1 and -26899.79 MJ ha-1, respectively. The consumed total energy input in pumpkin seed production could be classified as 50.87% direct, 49.13% indirect, 9.90% renewable and 90.10% non-renewable. Economic efficiency of pumpkin seed was calculated as 1.25. © 2020 Parlar Scientific Publications. All rights reserved

Thermophysical properties of castor oil (Ricinus communis L.) biodiesel and its blends

Biodiesel (methyl ester) was produced from Castor Oil (Ricinus communis) using NaOH and CH3OH by the two-step transesterification method. Nine different fuel blends (2, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 and 75 vol.% blending with diesel) were prepared. The density values of Castor Oil Biodiesel (COB) and its blends were measured at 0°C to 93°C temperature range, as well as their kinematic viscosity values at 30°C to 100°C temperature range in the steps of 5°C. The density, kinematic viscosity, calorific value, flash point, pH, copper strip corrosion, and H2O content of COB were 932.40 kg/cu m, 15.069 mm2/s, 38.600 MJ/kg, 182°C, 7, 1a and 1067.7 mg/kg-1, respectively. The density and kinematic viscosity of fuel samples decreased as temperature increases. These thermophysical properties decreased due to the increase in the amount of diesel in the blends