Physical characteristics of Acidic Mining Lake 111

Measurements of physical properties have been conducted in Mining Lake 111 (ML111), located in Lusatia, Germany over the time period 1996- 2002. In the deepest area of the ML111, a monimolimnion was observed, that persisted for the years 1996-1999. It disappeared in 2000 and again formed in 2001. The definition of the main physical properties, such as the temperature compensation for electrical conductivity, in acidic mining lakes required a lake specific approach. The relation between conductivity, temperature and density was determined for the acidic ML111. The variation in dissolved substances affected these relationships such that conductivity varied with temperature even in different layers of the water column and the limitations for a lake wide correlation was evident. Variation in the conductivity of the epilimnion could be verified, and agreed with the estimates of evaporation from the lake surface during summer stratification. Calculations, following the gradient flux method, indicated vertical transport coefficients between 10-7 and 10-6m2/s throughout the hypolimnion. The heat budget indicated that heat was transferred into the lake bed or the ground during spring

Robust Multi-Scenario Optimization of an Air Expeditionary Force Structure Applying Scatter Search to the Combat Forces Assessment Model

Modern Times\u27 bring change in all areas of life. Even the rate of change has changed, and is still changing to increase it\u27s enormous speed even more. Newer and more challenging questions face the military analysts everyday putting a question mark at the end of their last answer. Recently, the question of how to structure a robust air force to meet the requirements of competing, uncertain future scenarios has been keeping them busy. The new world order does not tolerate only being able to respond to a single scenario anymore, which once was considered a hard problem. Who knows what comes next? In this thesis, we propose a robust optimization methodology to provide an answer to the multi-scenario optimization problem. The methodology employs a meta-heuristic, Scatter Search, to guide the search of the multi-scenario solution space obtained by the evaluations of CFAM, the model currently used to respond to single theater scenario objectives. A Visual Basi

Low carbon building design.

Forum 16 provides a demonstration of the complexity that faces us when setting out to design Low Carbon Buildings (LCBs). In the 1990s we focussed on energy efficiency in buildings, following the simple design mantras like those embedded in the Passive House movement: Good windows, no draughts or cold bridges and lots of insulation. Towards the end of the 20th century the fashion appeared for relying largely on mechanical ventilation and heat exchange for air changes, though how this led to low carbon emissions than simply opening a window in most seasons is unclear. By the 2000s the integration of solar energy into buildings provided a very successful means of substantially reducing carbon emissions from buildings and so became popular. By the 2010s the falling price of solar energy made it a must have feature of LCBs, except with some architects who could not grasp its benefits and some who felt that solar panels spoilt the clean lines of their designs

Legal Medicine and Psychiatry in Turkey

The utilization of psychiatrists in the handling of legal matters in Turkey began with the reformation in 1908 when The Legal Medicine Institute and The Legal Medicine Council were founded. The Faculty of Medicine at the University of Istanbul created professorial chairs in psychiatry and legal medicine

Hope Co-Housing: approach and innovation.

The country is facing an aging population as people live longer. 10 million people in the UK are currently over 65, with a 5.5 million increase projected over the next 20 years. 3 million people are aged over 80 and that is expected to double by 2030. This puts additional strains on health and social services, with both a smaller proportion of working population available to support services and with the older population having more complex medical needs. The 'Hope Co-Housing' project is a new typology of housing that demonstrates a collaborative approach to age by combining the principles of salutogenic housing design, wellbeing and healthcare principles, and technology to support active ageing. The innovative homes will be co-designed with input from design, computing, health and care professionals, with the aim of creating a new typology of senior citizen housing in which people aspire to live and support each other, and which help to eliminate social isolation and fuel poverty. The proposal will be exploring how senior housing can be designed collaboratively to support health, well-being, activity and community engagement as people age. It will be multi-disciplinary, with anticipated expertise required from colleagues from several schools across the Robert Gordon University RGU and Orkney Island Council (OIC)

Heritage Way.

Heritage Way was a new housing development of 30 affordable, low-energy housing units in Fraserburgh's Quarry Road. It was supported by the Scottish Government's "Greener Homes Innovation Scheme" as an exemplar housing model that promotes new approaches to the delivery of low-energy, efficient and affordable housing, using innovative modern methods of construction. Since its completion in 2017, the development has been monitored for energy use consumption, in order to provide a case study for the future of low-energy housing developments

The first social Passivhaus in Dunoon.

This design was created in order to meet the need for affordable, good quality and low-energy family housing. The overall design typology follows the traditional built form of fishing villages, where gables are facing the sea in an effort to reduce weather exposure and prevailing winds. The massing arrangement creates a two-storey "street of double gables", with a gap between each in order to accommodate south-facing, one-bed units with exclusive use of roof gardens. The design team sought to respond to local conditions while demonstrating key characteristics of good contemporary architecture, and with a special effort being made to ensure that the architectural form and proportions were in harmony with the essence of Scottish vernacular architecture. The scheme is the first in the UK to be officially accredited by the German Passivehaus Institut, the certificate being issued in November 2009

The protests in Turkey: urban warfare in 'rebel cities'

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