Electron-hole coexistence in disordered graphene probed by high-field magneto-transport

We report on magneto-transport measurement in disordered graphene under pulsed magnetic field of up to 57T. For large electron or hole doping, the system displays the expected anomalous Integer Quantum Hall Effect (IQHE) specific to graphene up to filling factor $\nu=2$. In the close vicinity of the charge neutrality point, the system breaks up into co-existing puddles of holes and electrons, leading to a vanishing Hall and finite longitudinal resistance with no hint of divergence at very high magnetic field. Large resistance fluctuations are observed near the Dirac point. They are interpreted as the the natural consequence of the presence of electron and hole puddles. The magnetic field at which the amplitude of the fluctuations are the largest is directly linked to the mean size of the puddles

Rome’s urban history inferred from Pb-contaminated waters trapped in its ancient harbor basins

Heavy metals from urban runoff preserved in sedimentary deposits record long-term economic and industrial development via the expansion and contraction of a city’s infrastructure. Lead concentrations and isotopic compositions measured in the sediments of the harbor of Ostia—Rome’s first harbor—show that lead pipes used in the water supply networks of Rome and Ostia were the only source of radiogenic Pb, which, in geologically young central Italy, is the hallmark of urban pollution. High-resolution geochemical, isotopic, and 14C analyses of a sedimentary core from Ostia harbor have allowed us to date the commissioning of Rome’s lead pipe water distribution system to around the second century BC, considerably later than Rome’s first aqueduct built in the late fourth century BC. Even more significantly, the isotopic record of Pb pollution proves to be an unparalleled proxy for tracking the urban development of ancient Rome over more than a millennium, providing a semiquantitative record of the water system’s initial expansion, its later neglect, probably during the civil wars of the first century BC, and its peaking in extent during the relative stability of the early high Imperial period. This core record fills the gap in the system’s history before the appearance of more detailed literary and inscriptional evidence from the late first century BC onward. It also preserves evidence of the changes in the dynamics of the Tiber River that accompanied the construction of Rome’s artificial port, Portus, during the first and second centuries AD

Spin susceptibility and polarization field in a dilute two-dimensional electron system in (111) silicon

We find that the polarization field, B_chi, obtained by scaling the weak-parallel-field magnetoresistance at different electron densities in a dilute two-dimensional electron system in (111) silicon, corresponds to the spin susceptibility that grows strongly at low densities. The polarization field, B_sat, determined by resistance saturation, turns out to deviate to lower values than B_chi with increasing electron density, which can be explained by filling of the upper electron subbands in the fully spin-polarized regime

A lead isotope perspective on urban development in ancient Naples

The influence of a sophisticated water distribution system on urban development in Roman times is tested against the impact of Vesuvius volcanic activity, in particular the great eruption of AD 79, on all of the ancient cities of the Bay of Naples (Neapolis). Written accounts on urbanization outside of Rome are scarce and the archaeological record sketchy, especially during the tumultuous fifth and sixth centuries AD when Neapolis became the dominant city in the region. Here we show that isotopic ratios of lead measured on a well-dated sedimentary sequence from Neapolis’ harbor covering the first six centuries CE have recorded how the AD 79 eruption was followed by a complete overhaul of Neapolis’ water supply network. The Pb isotopic signatures of the sediments further reveal that the previously steady growth of Neapolis’ water distribution system ceased during the collapse of the fifth century AD, although vital repairs to this critical infrastructure were still carried out in the aftermath of invasions and volcanic eruptions

CONTRIBUTION DU SIG A LA RECONSTITUTION DES PROCESSUS DE PROGRADATION DE LA MAJERDA : quels enjeux pour le port d’Utique?

International audienceThe Majerda delta formation has been the subject of many studies since the late XIXe century. The reconstruction of the fluvial palaeo-environments of the lower Majerda valley is significant as it is critical to understand the decline of Utica following the siltation of the harbor, which is presently buried under sediments. The progression of the delta across the corridor separating the Southern and the Northern compartments of the ancient Utica bay is the cornerstone of our research on the delta. On the basis of a GIS we propose to identify hydro- and morpho-sedimentary processes of the deltaic progradation dynamics. They lead to innovative ways of considering the initial implantation site of Utica, the conditions of harbor siltation and the Majerda River itself across the Northern compartment. Observations and analysis from the GIS allowed highlighting a double system of alluvial fans over the whole delta. The first component which may be described as “torrential” is present throughout the delta fringe, while the second category of flat alluvial fans occurs at the Majerda defluviation sites, forming coalescing alluvial lobes. The ancient merging of these two morphological systems close to Utica could reflect a process of harbor silting more complex than previously considered, the Majerda River being considered as the unique factor of change so far

Magneto-transport Subbands Spectroscopy in InAs Nanowires

We report on magneto-transport measurements in InAs nanowires under large magnetic field (up to 55T), providing a direct spectroscopy of the 1D electronic band structure. Large modulations of the magneto-conductance mediated by an accurate control of the Fermi energy reveal the Landau fragmentation, carrying the fingerprints of the confined InAs material. Our numerical simulations of the magnetic band structure consistently support the experimental results and reveal key parameters of the electronic confinement.Comment: 13 Pages, 5 figure

Edge Magneto-Fingerprints in Disordered Graphene Nanoribbons

We report on (magneto)-transport experiments in chemically derived narrow graphene nanoribbons under high magnetic fields (up to 60 Tesla). Evidences of field-dependent electronic confinement features are given, and allow estimating the possible ribbon edge symmetry. Besides, the measured large positive magnetoconductance indicates a strong suppression of backscattering induced by the magnetic field. Such scenario is supported by quantum simulations which consider different types of underlying disorders (smooth edge disorder and long range Coulomb scatters).Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure

High magnetic field induced charge density waves and sign reversal of the Hall coefficient in graphite

We report on the investigation of magnetic field induced charge density wave and Hall coefficient sign reversal in a quasi-two dimensional electronic system of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite under very strong magnetic field. The change of Hall sign coefficient from negative to positive occurs at low temperature and high magnetic field just after the charge density wave transition, suggesting the role of hole-like quasi-particles in this effect. Angular dependent measurements show that the charge density wave transition and Hall sign reversal fields follow the magnetic field component along the c-axis of graphite