The effects of multi-sensory teaching practices on the reading fluency and comprehension of bilingual 2\u3csup\u3end\u3c/sup\u3e grade students

Language, the heart of the educational process, is the vehicle through which students are primarily being educated and prepared throughout their schooling (Lam, 1996). Language acquisition is described as having four processes: socio-cultural, linguistic, and academic and cognitive. Teaching, learning, and curriculum content must; therefore, be culturally meaningful, interactive, and collaborative. Since a student\u27s learning style is a major contributing factor in teaching and not all students learn in the same manner, educators must know and understand the bilingual and bicultural child\u27s identities and emphasize interdisciplinary, cooperative, and multi-sensory lessons in their classrooms (Chamot,1994). Educators must incorporate the wealth of knowledge and skills that students bring and develop these further through appropriate instruction. This study examined the effects of multi-sensory teaching practices on the reading fluency and comprehension of bilingual second grade students

Jumps in Rank and Expected Returns. Introducing Varying Cross-sectional Risk

Decision theorists claim that an ordinal measure of risk may be sufficient for an agent to make a rational choice under uncertainty. We propose a measure of financial risk, namely the Varying Cross-sectional Risk (VCR), that is based on a ranking of returns. VCR is defined as the probability of a sharp jump over time in the position of an asset return within the cross-sectional return distribution of the assets that constitute the market, which is represented by the Standard and Poor's 500 Index (SP500). We model the joint dynamics of the cross-sectional position and the asset return by analyzing (1) the marginal probability distribution of a sharp jump in the cross-sectional position within the context of a duration model, and (2) the probability distribution of the asset return conditional on a jump, for which we specify different return dynamics depending upon whether or not a jump has taken place. As a result, the marginal probability distribution of returns is a mixture of distributions. The performance of our model is assessed in an out-of-sample exercise. We design a set of trading rules that are evaluated according to their profitability and riskiness. A trading rule based on our VCR model is dominant providing superior mean trading returns and accurate estimation of the Value-at-Risk.Duration, Mixture of distributions, Nonlinearity, Reality check, Trading rule, VaR

Evaluation of remote sensing methods for continuous cover forestry

The overall aim of the project was to investigate the potential and challenges in the application of high spatial and spectral resolution remote sensing to forest stands in the UK for Continuous Cover Forestry (CCF) purposes. Within the context of CCF, a relatively new forest management strategy that has been implemented in several European countries, the usefulness of digital remote sensing techniques lie in their potential ability to retrieve parameters at sub-stand level and, in particular, in the assessment of natural regeneration and light regimes. The idea behind CCF is the support of a sustainable forest management system reducing disturbance of the forest ecosystem and encouraging the use of more natural methods, e.g. natural regeneration, for which the light environment beneath the forest canopy plays a fundamental role.The study was carried out at a test area in central Scotland, situated within the Queen Elizabeth II Forest Park (lat. 56°10' N, long. 4° 23' W). Six plots containing three different species (Norway spruce, European larch and Sessile oak), characterized by their different light regimes, were established within the area for the measurement of forest variables using a forest inventory approach and hemispherical photography. The remote sensing data available for the study consisted of Landsat ETM+ imagery, a small footprint multi-return lidar dataset over the study area, Airborne Thematic Mapper (ATM) data, and aerial photography with same acquisition date as the lidar data.Landsat ETM+ imagery was used for the spectral characterisation of the species under study and the evaluation of phenological change as a factor to consider for future acquisitions of remotely sensed imagery. Three approaches were used for the discrimination between species: raw data, NDVI, and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). It can be concluded that no single date is ideal for discriminating the species studied (early summer was best) and that a combination of two or three datasets covering their phenological cycles is optimal for the differentiation. Although the approaches used helped to characterize the forest species, especially to the discrimination between spruces, larch and the deciduous oak species, further work is needed in order to define an optimum approach to discriminate between spruce species (e.g. Sitka spruce and Norway spruce) for which spectral responses are very similar. In general, the useful ranges of the indices were small, so a careful and accurate preprocessing of the imagery is highly recommended.Lidar, ATM, and aerial photographic datasets were analysed for the characterisation of vertical and horizontal forest structure. A slope-based algorithm was developed for the extraction of ground elevation and tree heights from multiple return lidar data, the production of a Digital Terrain Model (DTM) and Digital Surface Model (DSM) of the area under study, and for the comparison of the predicted lidar tree heights with the true tree heights, followed by the building of a Digital Canopy Model (DCM) for the determination of percentage canopy cover and tree crown delineation. Mean height and individual tree heights were estimated for all sample plots. The results showed that lidar underestimated tree heights by an average of 1.49 m. The standard deviation of the lidar estimates was 3.58 m and the mean standard error was 0.38 m.This study assessed the utility of an object-oriented approach for deciduous and coniferous crown delineation, based on small-footprint, multiple return lidar data, high resolution ATM imagery, and aerial photography. Special emphasis in the analysis was made in the fusion of aerial photography and lidar data for tree crown detection and classification, as it was expected that the high vertical accuracy of lidar, combined with the high spatial resolution aerial photography would render the best results and would provide the forestry sector with an affordable and accurate means for forest management and planning. Most of the field surveyed trees could be automatically and correctly detected, especially for the spruce and larch plots, but the complexity of the deciduous plots hindered the tree recognition approach, leading to poor crown extent and gap estimations. Indicators of light availability were calculated from the lidar data by calculation of laser hit penetration rates and percentage canopy cover. These results were compared to estimates of canopy openness obtained from hemispherical pictures for the same locations.Finally, the synergistic benefits of all datasets were evaluated and the forest structural variables determined from remote sensing and hemispherical photography were examined as indicators of light availability for regenerating seedlings

Physical activity and spatial use during school break times in children aged four

Poster de CongresoAnalyze quantity of physical activity and use of space during school break times according to gender, in four-year-old pupils.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

The impact of financial crisis and austerity policies in Andalusia, Spain: disentangling the mechanisms of social inequalities in health through the perceptions and experiences of experts and the general population

Background: Andalusia has been one of the regions most damaged by the economic crisis in Spain. A qualitative study of the effects of the economic crisis and austerity policies in this region has been conducted within the framework of the IMPACT-A project. This research seeks to analyse the perceived impact of the crisis upon the health of the Andalusian population through the first-hand discourses of professionals from the health and social sectors on the one hand, and citizens of different socioeconomic status (SES) on the other. Methods: A total of five focus groups and ten semi-structured interviews were conducted and analysed following an inductive process based on Grounded Theory (GT). Results: Our results show a general perception among professionals: the financial crisis has either directly or indirectly affected population health in Andalusia, though mostly impacting low-income individuals who were already at risk of social exclusion. Professionals’ perceptions have been confirmed through the discourses of citizens of a lower SES, which differ from those of middle and upper SES. Conclusion: Findings reveal some of the most salient consequences on the socially vulnerable groups and people at risk of social exclusion. In particular, our study highlights the importance of addressing three areas of priority action: mental health, unmet (basic and medical) needs, and decline in the health system

Deprea auccana and Deprea physalidicalyx (Solanaceae), two new species from Northeastern Peru

Se describe e ilustra en detalle Deprea auccana S. Leiva, Barboza & Deanna y D. physalidicalyx S. Leiva, Barboza & Deanna (Solanaceae), dos nuevas especies del noreste de Perú. Deprea auccana es propia de la Reserva Privada Abra Patricia (ECOAN; ruta Pomacochas-Nueva Cajamarca, Distrito Yambrasbamba, Prov. Bongará, Dpto. Amazonas, Perú). Se caracteriza principalmente por la forma y tamaño de sus hojas, el número de flores por nudo, la longitud de los lóbulos calicinos, estambres homodínamos y los frutos erectos, con el cáliz fructífero acrescente y bipartido a la madurez. Deprea physalidicalyx S. Leiva, Barboza & Deanna habita en la Catarata de Aguashiyacu (ruta Tarapoto-Juanjuí, Prov. Tarapoto, Dpto. San Martín, Perú). Se caracteriza por los lóbulos de la corola lila intenso en la superficie central y cremoso en los bordes interiormente, estambres homodínamos, baya cremosa a la madurez y por el cáliz fruticoso muy acrescente e inflado que envuelve flojamente a la baya en toda su longitud, de 3,5-4 cm de largo por 2,3-2,7 cm de diámetro. Se incluyen datos sobre su distribución geográfica, ecología, fenología, estado de conservación y diferencias con especies afines.Deprea auccana S. Leiva, Barboza & Deanna and D. physalidicalyx Leiva, Barboza & Deanna (Solanaceae) are described and illustrated. Deprea auccana inhabits Abra Patricia Private Reserve (ECOAN, Pomacochas-Nueva Cajamarca road, Yambrasbamba District, Bongara Prov., Amazonas Dept., Peru). This species is distinguished by the shape and size of its leaves, number of flowers per node, length of calyx lobes, homodynamous stamens and its erect fruits with an accrescent and bipartite fruiting calyx when mature. Deprea physalidicalyx S. Leiva, Barboza & Deanna inhabits in the Aguashiyacu waterfall (Tarapoto-Juanjui road, Tarapoto Prov., San Martin Dept., Peru) and it is characterized by the corolla lobes deep purple on the middle and cream on the margins internally, homodynamous stamens and the creamy berry when mature, loosely enveloped by a fruiting calyx very accrescent and inflated, 3.5-4 cm long, 2.3-2.7 cm diameter. Data about geographic distribution, ecology, phenology, conservation assessment and differences with related species are included.Fil: Leiva Gonzalez, Segundo. Universidad Privada Antenor Orrego de Trujillo; PerúFil: Barboza, Gloria Estela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (p); Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Deanna, Rocío. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (p); Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Argentin

Temporal, Spatial, and Identity Displacement in the Short Stories of Julio Cortazar

The purpose of this study is to analyze the techniques through which Julio CortSzar presents and explores the literary concepts of temporal, spatial and identity displacement. The author's radical departure from the more traditionally structured view of these notions is certainly one of the most perplexing and controversial aspects of his literary style

A ARTE DA GUERRA APLICADA AOS ESPORTES COMPETITIVOS

This article is an adaptation of Sun Tzu's interesting and quirky classical masterpiece “The Art of War” (2005) to high-level competitive sport. Specifically in team sports. The author teaches us the strategy to wisely apply the knowledge of human nature in moments of confrontation. It is a strategic treatise that, extrapolated to the playing fields, offers a unique paradigm of improvement and effort. It turns out to be an advisable manual for the figure of the sports coach. The objective of this article is to present the relationship between the elements involved inthe battles of war and in sports battles, so that the ingredients of war are transferred to sport, and from a psychological perspective, it provides a way of seeing competition, of facing challenges, of performing at the highest level, of trying win... ofachieve victory. The essential contents to achieve the objectives in sport are based on the aspects that Sun Tzu collects in his military treatise: strategic criteria; In the battle; the planning; the order; the force; Empty and full; The struggle; variables; maneuvers; the land; the nine kinds of parties; the provision of information; the attack. The conclusions reached in this adaptation are, among others, that the coach must strengthen his authority and mark a disciplinary line, which means organization, chain of command and logistics. Also, select the brave to attack, the careful to defend and the intelligent to communicate. The skill in the lineup will determine the strength of the team. Likewise, the coach must be provided with information for the planning and organization of a good team, so that he finally knows that it is not enough to know how to attack, but it is necessary to know how to prevent others from attacking you.Este artículo es una adaptación de la interesante y peculiar obra maestra clásica “El arte de la guerra” de Sun Tzu (2005) al deporte de competición de alto nivel. Concretamente en deportes colectivos. El autor nos enseña la estrategia para aplicar con sabiduría el conocimiento de la naturaleza humana en los momentos de confrontación. Es un tratado estratégico que extrapolado a los terrenos de juego, ofrece un paradigma único de superación y esfuerzo. Resulta ser un manual aconsejable para la figura del entrenador deportivo. El objetivo de este artículo es presentar la relación existente entre los elementos intervinientes enlas batallas de la guerra y en las batallas deportivas, de manera que se transfieren los ingredientes de la guerra al deporte, y desde una perspectiva psicológica, aporta una forma de ver la competición, de afrontar retos, de rendir al máximo nivel, de intentar ganar…, dealcanzar la victoria. Los contenidos indispensables para lograr los objetivos en el deporte se basan en los aspectos que Sun Tzu recoge en su tratado militar: criterios estratégicos; en labatalla; la planificación; el orden; la fuerza; vacío y lleno; la lucha; las variables; maniobras; el terreno; las nueve clases de partidos; la provisión de información; el ataque. Las conclusiones a las que se llega en esta adaptación son, entre otras, que el entrenador debe afianzar su autoridad y marcar una línea disciplinaria, lo cual significa, organización, cadena de mando y logística. Además, seleccionar al valiente para que ataque, al cuidadoso para que defienda y al inteligente para que comunique. La pericia en la alineación determinará la fuerzadel equipo. Asimismo, el entrenador debe proveerse de información para la planificación y laorganización de un buen equipo, para que finalmente sepa que no basta saber cómo atacar, sino que es necesario saber cómo impedir que los demás te ataquen.Este artigo é uma adaptação da interessante e peculiar obra-prima clássica de Sun Tzu “A Arte da Guerra” (2005) para o esporte competitivo de alto nível. Especificamente em esportes coletivos. O autor nos ensina a estratégia para aplicar com sabedoria o conhecimento da natureza humana em momentos de confronto. É um tratado estratégico que, extrapolado para os campos de jogo, oferece um paradigma único de melhoria e esforço. Acaba por ser um manual aconselhável para a figura do treinador desportivo. O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar a relação entre os elementos envolvidos na nas batalhas de guerra e nas batalhas desportivas, para que os ingredientes da guerra sejam transferidos para o desporto, e do ponto de vista psicológico, proporciona uma forma de ver a competição, de enfrentar desafios, de actuar ao mais alto nível, de tentar vencer. . dealcançar a vitória. Os conteúdos essenciais para atingir os objetivos no esporte baseiam-se nos aspectos que Sun Tzu recolhe em seu tratado militar: critérios estratégicos; Na batalha; a planejamento; a ordem; a força; Vazio e cheio; a luta; variáveis; manobras; o terreno; os nove tipos de festas; a prestação de informações; ataque. As conclusões alcançadas nesta adaptação são, entre outras, que o treinador deve reforçar a sua autoridade e marcar uma linha disciplinar, o que significa organização, cadeia de comando e logística. Além disso, selecione o corajoso para atacar, o cuidadoso para defender e o inteligente para se comunicar. A habilidade na escalação determinará a força da equipe. Da mesma forma, o coach deve receber informações para o planejamento e organização de um bom time, para que ele finalmente saiba que não basta saber atacar, mas é preciso saber evitar que outros o ataquem

The HD5980 multiple system: Masses and evolutionary status

New spectroscopic observations of the LBV/WR multiple system HD5980 in the Small Magellanic Cloud are used to address the question of the masses and evolutionary status of the two very luminous stars in the 19.3d eclipsing binary system. Two distinct components of the N V 4944 A line are detected in emission and their radial velocity variations are used to derive masses of 61 and 66 Mo, under the assumption that binary interaction effects on this atomic transition are negligible. We propose that this binary system is the product of quasi-chemically homogeneous evolution with little or no mass transfer. Thus, both of these binary stars may be candidates for gamma-ray burst progenitors or even pair instability supernovae. Analysis of the photospheric absorption lines belonging to the third-light object in the system confirm that it consists of an O-type star in a 96.56d eccentric orbit (e=0.82) around an unseen companion. The 5:1 period ratio and high eccentricities of the two binaries suggest that they may constitute a hierarchical quadruple system.Comment: 27 pages, 8 tables, 15 figures; accepted A