Reproductive Outcomes Following Ectopic Pregnancy: Register-Based Retrospective Cohort Study

Using Scottish national registry data, Sohinee Bhattacharya and colleagues investigate pregnancy outcomes following ectopic pregnancy in comparison to livebirth, miscarriage, or termination in a first pregnancy

‘Snakes and Ladders’ – ‘Therapy’ as Liberation in Nagarjuna and Wittgenstein’s Tractatus

This paper reconsiders the notion that Nagarjuna and Wittgenstein’s Tractatus may only be seen as comparable under a shared ineffability thesis, that is, the idea that reality is impossible to describe in sensible discourse. Historically, Nagarjuna and the early Wittgenstein have both been widely construed as offering either metaphysical theories or attempts to refute all such theories. Instead, by employing an interpretive framework based on a ‘resolute’ reading of the Tractatus, I suggest we see their philosophical affinity in terms of a shared conception of philosophical method without proposing theses. In doing so, this offers us a new way to understand Nagarjuna’s characteristic claims both to have ‘no views’ (Mūlamadhyamakakārikā 13.8 and 27.30) and refusal to accept that things exist ‘inherently’ or with ‘essence’ (svabhāva). Therefore, instead of either a view about the nature of a mind-independent ‘ultimate reality’ or a thesis concerning the rejection of such a domain, I propose that we understand Nagarjuna’s primary aim as ‘therapeutic’, that is, concerned with the dissolution of philosophical problems. However, this ‘therapy’ should neither be confined to the psychotherapeutic metaphor nor should it be taken to imply a private enlightenment only available to philosophers. Instead, for Nagarjuna and Wittgenstein, philosophical problems are cast as a source of disquiet for all of us; what their work offers is a soteriology, a means towards our salvation

The cognitive construct of design conversation

The study provides an overview of architectural designers' cognitive behaviour in a conceptual phase of design like studio tutorials. This involves formulating a Cognitive Interaction Matrix that preserves the dialectical and interactional characteristics of design conversation protocol being examined. The matrix facilitates the process of encoding, segmenting, tabulating and analysing design tutorial conversations based on a rich taxonomy of cognitive activities. Through the framework of aggregating 'Formulate', 'Evaluate' and 'Move' activities and relevant cognitive attributes across conversational protocols, the study found certain differences in the patterns, frequency and intensity of Cognitive Actions' distribution recorded between tutors and students who had participated in the observed studio tutorials. Further examination of the 'Formulate', 'Evaluate' and 'Move' actions in terms of Cognitive Organisation and Transformational factors suggests the possibility of deriving and distinguishing the cognitive constructs between tutors and students' design conversations