Normalized drug concentration profiles as a function of the distance Δ<i>y</i> from the injection point P₂ for different injection speeds.

<p>The profiles are obtained with test cases S₂, S₁₁, S₁₂.</p

CSF flow streamlines at t/T = 4.5.

<p>The reported streamlines are obtained from test cases (a) (without NRDL) and (b) PS₁ (with NRDL).</p

Drug accumulation rate (1/s) and appearance instant (s), as obtained by varying the injection speed.

<p>Drug accumulation rate (1/s) and appearance instant (s), as obtained by varying the injection speed.</p

Hydrodynamics parameters within each spinal segment resulting from test cases PS₁ and .

<p>Hydrodynamics parameters within each spinal segment resulting from test cases PS₁ and .</p

Cross-sectional views of the CSF velocity magnitude and dimensional drug concentration.

<p>(left) Magnitude of the CSF velocity at <i>t</i> = 20 <i>T</i> and (right) corresponding dimensional drug concentration (number of particles per volume) at Δ<i>y</i> = 0 <i>cm</i> (C5-level) for test cases S₄, S₅ and S₆.</p

Time evolution of the normalized drug concentration and relative linear fitting.

<p>The blue lines represent the time evolution of the normalized drug concentration at different cross sections from the injection point for (a) and (b) S₁. The red line indicates the relative linear fitting ().</p

Drug accumulation rate (1/s) and appearance instant (s), as obtained by varying the catheter position.

<p>Drug accumulation rate (1/s) and appearance instant (s), as obtained by varying the catheter position.</p

Normalized drug concentration profiles as a function of the distance Δ<i>y</i> from the injection point for different injection positions.

<p>The profiles are obtained with test cases S₁-S₆.</p

Drug accumulation rate (1/s) and appearance instant (s), as obtained by varying the catheter angle.

<p>Drug accumulation rate (1/s) and appearance instant (s), as obtained by varying the catheter angle.</p

Normalized drug concentration profiles as a function of the distance Δ<i>y</i> from the injection point for different catheter angles.

<p>The profiles are obtained with a dorsal injection located at P₂ (for test cases S₂, S₇, S₈) and with a lateral injection located at P₆ (for test cases S₆, S₉, S₁₀).</p