Minimizing Test Power in SRAM through Reduction of Pre-charge Activity

In this paper we analyze the test power of SRAM memories and demonstrate that the full functional pre-charge activity is not necessary during test mode because of the predictable addressing sequence. We exploit this observation in order to minimize power dissipation during test by eliminating the unnecessary power consumption associated with the pre-charge activity. This is achieved through a modified pre-charge control circuitry, exploiting the first degree of freedom of March tests, which allows choosing a specific addressing sequence. The efficiency of the proposed solution is validated through extensive Spice simulations

Subjective experience of episodic memory and metacognition: a neurodevelopmental approach.

Episodic retrieval is characterized by the subjective experience of remembering. This experience enables the co-ordination of memory retrieval processes and can be acted on metacognitively. In successful retrieval, the feeling of remembering may be accompanied by recall of important contextual information. On the other hand, when people fail (or struggle) to retrieve information, other feelings, thoughts, and information may come to mind. In this review, we examine the subjective and metacognitive basis of episodic memory function from a neurodevelopmental perspective, looking at recollection paradigms (such as source memory, and the report of recollective experience) and metacognitive paradigms such as the feeling of knowing). We start by considering healthy development, and provide a brief review of the development of episodic memory, with a particular focus on the ability of children to report first-person experiences of remembering. We then consider neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) such as amnesia acquired in infancy, autism, Williams syndrome, Down syndrome, or 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. This review shows that different episodic processes develop at different rates, and that across a broad set of different NDDs there are various types of episodic memory impairment, each with possibly a different character. This literature is in agreement with the idea that episodic memory is a multifaceted process

Factorization of numbers with Gauss sums: I. Mathematical background

We use the periodicity properties of generalized Gauss sums to factor numbers. Moreover, we derive rules for finding the factors and illustrate this factorization scheme for various examples. This algorithm relies solely on interference and scales exponentially.Comment: 21 pages, 8 figure

Schmerztherapie in der Geburtshilfe

Zusammenfassung: Die epidurale Analgesie ist die effektivste Therapie gegen Schmerzen unter der Geburt. Der Geburtsverlauf wird nur minimal beeinflusst, insbesondere gibt es keinen Einfluss auf die Häufigkeit von Schnittentbindungen. Die jüngste Entwicklung mit programmierten intermittierenden Boli ist vielversprechend. Eine parenterale Analgesie mit Opioiden hat den Nachteil einer systemischen Wirkung mit der entsprechenden Gefahr der Atemdepression. Das Sicherheitsprofil der Remifentanil-PCA (patientinnnenkontrollierte Analgesie) ist noch unbekannt, sie wird vorwiegend bei Kontraindikationen für ein neuraxiales Verfahren empfohle

Time-dependent photoionization of azulene: Competition between ionization and relaxation in highly excited states

Pump-probe photoionization has been used to map the relaxation processes taking place from highly vibrationally excited levels of the S2 state of azulene, populated directly or via internal conversion from the S4 state. Photoelectron spectra obtained by 1+2’ two-color time-resolved photoelectron imaging are invariant (apart from in intensity) to the pump-probe time delay and to pump wavelength. This reveals a photoionization process which is driven by an unstable electronic state (e.g. doubly excited state) lying below the ionization potential. This state is postulated to be populated by a probe transition from S2 and to rapidly relax via an Auger like process onto highly vibrationally excited Rydberg states. This accounts for the time invariance of the photoelectron spectrum. The intensity of the photoelectron spectrum is proportional to the population in S2. An exponential energy gap law is used to describe the internal conversion rate from S2 to S0. The vibronic coupling strength is found to be larger than 60±5 μeV

Model-independent Limits from Spin-dependent WIMP Dark Matter Experiments

Spin-dependent WIMP searches have traditionally presented results within an odd group approximation and by suppressing one of the spin-dependent interaction cross sections. We here elaborate on a model-independent analysis in which spin-dependent interactions with both protons and neutrons are simultaneously considered. Within this approach, equivalent current limits on the WIMP-nucleon interaction at WIMP mass of 50 GeV/c$^{2}$ are either $\sigma_{p}\leq0.7$ pb, $\sigma_{n}\leq0.2$ pb or $|a_{p}|\leq0.4$, $|a_{n}|\leq0.7$ depending on the choice of cross section or coupling strength representation. These limits become less restrictive for either larger or smaller masses; they are less restrictive than those from the traditional odd group approximation regardless of WIMP mass. Combination of experimental results are seen to produce significantly more restrictive limits than those obtained from any single experiment. Experiments traditionally considered spin-independent are moreover found to severely limit the spin-dependent phase space. The extension of this analysis to the case of positive signal experiments is explored.Comment: 12 pages, 12 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev.

Factorization of numbers with Gauss sums: II. Suggestions for implementations with chirped laser pulses

We propose three implementations of the Gauss sum factorization schemes discussed in part I of this series: (i) a two-photon transition in a multi-level ladder system induced by a chirped laser pulse, (ii) a chirped one-photon transition in a two-level atom with a periodically modulated excited state, and (iii) a linearly chirped one-photon transition driven by a sequence of ultrashort pulses. For each of these quantum systems we show that the excitation probability amplitude is given by an appropriate Gauss sum. We provide rules how to encode the number N to be factored in our system and how to identify the factors of N in the fluorescence signal of the excited state.Comment: 22 pages, 7 figure

Classical Structures Based on Unitaries

Starting from the observation that distinct notions of copying have arisen in different categorical fields (logic and computation, contrasted with quantum mechanics) this paper addresses the question of when, or whether, they may coincide. Provided all definitions are strict in the categorical sense, we show that this can never be the case. However, allowing for the defining axioms to be taken up to canonical isomorphism, a close connection between the classical structures of categorical quantum mechanics, and the categorical property of self-similarity familiar from logical and computational models becomes apparent. The required canonical isomorphisms are non-trivial, and mix both typed (multi-object) and untyped (single-object) tensors and structural isomorphisms; we give coherence results that justify this approach. We then give a class of examples where distinct self-similar structures at an object determine distinct matrix representations of arrows, in the same way as classical structures determine matrix representations in Hilbert space. We also give analogues of familiar notions from linear algebra in this setting such as changes of basis, and diagonalisation.Comment: 24 pages,7 diagram

Dynamics of active membranes with internal noise

We study the time-dependent height fluctuations of an active membrane containing energy-dissipating pumps that drive the membrane out of equilibrium. Unlike previous investigations based on models that neglect either curvature couplings or random fluctuations in pump activities, our formulation explores two new models that take both of these effects into account. In the first model, the magnitude of the nonequilibrium forces generated by the pumps is allowed to fluctuate temporally. In the second model, the pumps are allowed to switch between "on" and "off" states. We compute the mean squared displacement of a membrane point for both models, and show that they exhibit distinct dynamical behaviors from previous models, and in particular, a superdiffusive regime specifically arising from the shot noise.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figure