4 research outputs found
Mean ± SD of cytokine production for men and women for the statistically significant post-hoc comparisons.
<p>Note:</p>a<p> = statistically significant (P<0.05) difference from previous measurement.</p>b<p> = statistically significant (P<0.05) difference of <i>T</i><sub>1</sub> or <i>T</i><sub>3</sub> from <i>T</i><sub>B</sub>.</p>c<p> = statistically significant (P<0.05) difference between sexes for the same measurement.</p><p>Key: IL4, 5 and 6: interleukins 4, 5 and 6, respectively; TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor alpha; IFN-γ: interferon gamma; M: men; W: women.</p
Mean ± SD of cardiorespiratory variables for men and women for the statistically significant post-hoc comparisons.
<p>Note:</p>a<p> = statistically significant (P<0.05) difference from previous measurement.</p>b<p> = statistically significant (P<0.05) difference of <i>T</i><sub>1</sub> or <i>T</i><sub>3</sub> from <i>T</i><sub>B</sub>.</p>c<p> = statistically significant (P<0.05) difference between sexes for the same measurement.</p><p>Key: <sub>%</sub>Max O<sub>2</sub> uptake: percent predicted maximal oxygen uptake; HR: heart rate; SBP, DBP, and MAP: systolic, diastolic and mean arterial blood pressure, respectively; M: men; W: women.</p
Mean ± SD of cotinine and lung function for men and women for the statistically significant post-hoc comparisons.
<p>Note:</p>a<p> = statistically significant (P<0.05) difference from previous measurement.</p>b<p> = statistically significant (P<0.05) difference of <i>T</i><sub>1</sub> or <i>T</i><sub>3</sub> from <i>T</i><sub>B</sub>.</p>c<p> = statistically significant (P<0.05) difference between sexes for the same measurement.</p><p>Key: FVC: forced vital capacity; FEV<sub>1</sub>: forced expiratory volume in 1 second; <sub>%</sub>FEV<sub>1</sub>: percent predicted FEV<sub>1</sub>; PEF: peak expiratory flow; MEF<sub>75%</sub>, MEF<sub>50%</sub>, MEF<sub>25%</sub>: maximum expiratory flow when 75%, 50% and 25% of FVC remains in the lungs, respectively; MVV: maximum voluntary ventilation; RR: respiratory rate; TV: tidal volume; M: men; W: women.</p
Overview of the experimental protocol.
<p>In the baseline trial (<i>T</i><sub>B</sub>) participants underwent a physical exertion bout that started at 1200 h without any SHS. In the remaining trials, one hour of SHS was administered at either 0800 h (<i>T</i><sub>3</sub>), 1000 h (<i>T</i><sub>1</sub>) or 1100 h (<i>T</i><sub>0</sub>), while the same physical exertion protocol initiated at 1200 h. SHS = secondhand smoke.</p