Mean ± SD of cytokine production for men and women for the statistically significant post-hoc comparisons.

<p>Note:</p>a<p> = statistically significant (P<0.05) difference from previous measurement.</p>b<p> = statistically significant (P<0.05) difference of <i>T</i>₁ or <i>T</i>₃ from <i>T</i>_B.</p>c<p> = statistically significant (P<0.05) difference between sexes for the same measurement.</p><p>Key: IL4, 5 and 6: interleukins 4, 5 and 6, respectively; TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor alpha; IFN-γ: interferon gamma; M: men; W: women.</p

Mean ± SD of cardiorespiratory variables for men and women for the statistically significant post-hoc comparisons.

<p>Note:</p>a<p> = statistically significant (P<0.05) difference from previous measurement.</p>b<p> = statistically significant (P<0.05) difference of <i>T</i>₁ or <i>T</i>₃ from <i>T</i>_B.</p>c<p> = statistically significant (P<0.05) difference between sexes for the same measurement.</p><p>Key: _%Max O₂ uptake: percent predicted maximal oxygen uptake; HR: heart rate; SBP, DBP, and MAP: systolic, diastolic and mean arterial blood pressure, respectively; M: men; W: women.</p

Mean ± SD of cotinine and lung function for men and women for the statistically significant post-hoc comparisons.

<p>Note:</p>a<p> = statistically significant (P<0.05) difference from previous measurement.</p>b<p> = statistically significant (P<0.05) difference of <i>T</i>₁ or <i>T</i>₃ from <i>T</i>_B.</p>c<p> = statistically significant (P<0.05) difference between sexes for the same measurement.</p><p>Key: FVC: forced vital capacity; FEV₁: forced expiratory volume in 1 second; _%FEV₁: percent predicted FEV₁; PEF: peak expiratory flow; MEF_75%, MEF_50%, MEF_25%: maximum expiratory flow when 75%, 50% and 25% of FVC remains in the lungs, respectively; MVV: maximum voluntary ventilation; RR: respiratory rate; TV: tidal volume; M: men; W: women.</p

Overview of the experimental protocol.

<p>In the baseline trial (<i>T</i>_B) participants underwent a physical exertion bout that started at 1200 h without any SHS. In the remaining trials, one hour of SHS was administered at either 0800 h (<i>T</i>₃), 1000 h (<i>T</i>₁) or 1100 h (<i>T</i>₀), while the same physical exertion protocol initiated at 1200 h. SHS = secondhand smoke.</p