A sectoral analysis of Italy's development : 1861 -2010

Italy‘s economic growth over its 150 years of unified history did not occur at a steady pace nor was it balanced across sectors. Relying on an entirely new input (labour and capital) database by us built and presented in the Appendix, together with new Banca d‘Italia estimates of GDP by sector, this paper evaluates the different labour productivity growth trends within the Italian economy‘s sectors, as well as the contribution of structural change to productivity growth. Italy‘s performance is then set in an international context: a comparison of sectoral labour productivity growth rates and levels within a selected sample of countries (UK, US, Germany, Japan, India) allows us to better time, quantify and gauge the causes of Italy‘s catching-up process and subsequent more recent slowdown. Finally, the paper analyses the proximate sources of Italy‘s growth, relative to the other countries, in a standard growth accounting framework, in an attempt also to disentangle the contribution of both total factor productivity growth and capital deepening to the country‘s labour productivity dynamics

Exploring Visitor Experiences on Going-To-The-Sun Road in Glacier National Park

Going-to-the-Sun Road (GTSR) is one of the premier road facilities in the world. As the only cross-mountain route through Glacier National Park, the road brings nearly two million visitors a year into the heart of Montana wilderness. How to meet this demand for travel while protecting the nature of the visitor experience and the pristine setting for which the experience exists is a challenge of on-going complexity. This research was designed to assist park managers in determining future changes to GTSR by describing and analyzing the experiences on the road today. Through 40 onsite interviews at Logan Pass (the pinnacle of GTSR) with drivers, passengers in a car, cyclists, and shuttle riders, it is hoped that a greater understanding of the ‘mobility dynamics,’ both within modes and between modes, can be gained. To this end, three research questions were addressed: 1) What are the experiences of travelers on Going-tothe- Sun Road? 2) How does travel mode affect the experience? 3) How might travelers’ experiences be improved on Going-to-the-Sun Road? The results of this study imply that there is a broad range of experiences being felt on GTSR and that mode choice does makes a difference. The results also suggest that eight distinct, yet highly interrelated emergent managerial issues are influencing the GTSR experience. A final interpretation puts forth a set of mitigating measures and framework scenarios for improving the traveling experience on GTSR in Glacier National Park

A comparison of different indicators of chaos based on the deviation vectors. Application to symplectic mappings

The aim of this research work is to compare the reliability of several variational indicators of chaos on mappings. The Lyapunov Indicator (LI); the Mean Exponential Growth factor of Nearby Orbits (MEGNO); the Smaller Alignment Index (SALI); the Fast Lyapunov Indicator (FLI); the Dynamical Spectra of stretching numbers (SSN) and the corresponding Spectral Distance (D); and the Relative Lyapunov Indicator (RLI), which is based on the evolution of the difference between two close orbits, have been included. The experiments presented herein allow us to reliably suggest a group of chaos indicators to analyze a general mapping. We show that a package composed of the FLI and the RLI (to analyze the phase portrait globally) and the MEGNO and the SALI (to analyze orbits individually) is good enough to make a description of the systems' dynamics.Comment: 25 pages, 40 figures. Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy, in pres

Effects of Domain Wall on Electronic Transport Properties in Mesoscopic Wire of Metallic Ferromagnets

We study the effect of the domain wall on electronic transport properties in wire of ferromagnetic 3$d$ transition metals based on the linear response theory. We considered the exchange interaction between the conduction electron and the magnetization, taking into account the scattering by impurities as well. The effective electron-wall interaction is derived by use of a local gauge transformation in the spin space. This interaction is treated perturbatively to the second order. The conductivity contribution within the classical (Boltzmann) transport theory turns out to be negligiblly small in bulk magnets, due to a large thickness of the wall compared with the fermi wavelength. It can be, however, significant in ballistic nanocontacts, as indicated in recent experiments. We also discuss the quantum correction in disordered case where the quantum coherence among electrons becomes important. In such case of weak localization the wall can contribute to a decrease of resistivity by causing dephasing. At lower temperature this effect grows and can win over the classical contribution, in particular in wire of diameter $L_{\perp}\lesssim \ell_{\phi}$, $\ell_{\phi}$ being the inelastic diffusion length. Conductance change of the quantum origin caused by the motion of the wall is also discussed.Comment: 30 pages, 4 figures. Detailed paper of Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 3773 (1997). Submitted to J. Phys. Soc. Jp

Electronic coherence in metals: comparing weak localization and time-dependent conductance fluctuations

Quantum corrections to the conductivity allow experimental assessment of electronic coherence in metals. We consider whether independent measurements of different corrections are quantitatively consistent, particularly in systems with spin-orbit or magnetic impurity scattering. We report weak localization and time-dependent universal conductance fluctuation data in quasi-one- and two-dimensional AuPd wires between 2 K and 20 K. The data inferred from both methods are in excellent quantitative agreement, implying that precisely the same coherence length is relevant to both corrections.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures. Scheduled to appear in PRB 70, 041304 (2004

Ion beam sputtering method for progressive reduction of nanostructures dimensions

An ion beam based dry etching method has been developed for progressive reduction of dimensions of prefabricated nanostructures. The method has been successfully applied to aluminum nanowires and aluminum single electron transistors (SET). The method is based on removal of material from the structures when exposed to energetic argon ions and it was shown to be applicable multiple times to the same sample. The electrical measurements and samples imaging in between the sputtering sessions clearly indicated that the dimensions, i.e. cross-section of the nanowires and area of the tunnel junctions in SET, were progressively reduced without noticeable degradation of the sample structure. We were able to reduce the effective diameter of aluminum nanowires from ~65 nm down to ~30 nm, whereas the tunnel junction area has been reduced by 40 %

Estenosis esofágica benigna en un felino asociada a la administración oral de doxiciclina. Terapéutica endoscópica

Se presenta un caso de estenosis esofágica en un felino, asociada a la administración oral de doxiciclina. Se describe su tratamiento endoscópico.

Distribution and genetic variability of Staphylinidae across a gradient of anthropogenically influenced insular landscapes

This paper describes the distribution and genetic variability of rove beetles (Coleoptera Staphylinidae) in anthropogenically influenced insular landscapes. The study was conducted in the Azores archipelago, characterized by high anthropogenic influence and landscape fragmentation. Collections were made in five islands, from eight habitats, along a gradient of anthropogenic influence. The species of Staphylinidae from the Azores collected for this study were widely distributed and showed low habitat fidelity. Rove beetle richness was associated with anthropogenic influence and habitat type, increasing from less to more anthropogenic impacted habitats. However, genetic diversity of profiled species (i.e. with three or more specimens per species/habitat) does not seem affected by anthropogenic influence in the different habitat types, isolation or landscape fragmentation. COI haplotypes were, as a rule, not exclusive to a given island or habitat. High level of genetic divergence and nucleotide saturation was found in closely related morphological designated species, demonstrating possible disparities between currently defined taxonomic units based on morphology and molecular phylogenies of Staphylinidae. This study found evidence of cryptic speciation in the Atheta fungi (Gravenhorst) species complex which had thus far remained undetected. Similar trends were found for Oligota parva Kraatz, Oxytelus sculptus Gravenhorst, Oligota pumilio Kiesenwetter. Previous studies with lower taxonomical resolution may have underestimated the biotic diversity reported in the Azores in comparison to other Macaronesian archipelagos.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio