FTO (Fluorine-Doped Tin Oxide) Conductive Transparent Glassware Manufacturing For Organic Compound Based Solar Cell Kits

Practical activities based on the latest science are rarely carried out because they are constrained by expensive equipment, one of which is solar cell technology. The use of conductive glass has become an interesting topic in recent technology. This technology can be implemented in photovoltaic cells (solar cells) and organic lightemitting diodes (OLED), which are very close to our current needs to face the energy crisis. This study aims to develop practical activities in a chemistry. laboratory for the manufacture of fluorine-doped Tin Oxide (FTO)-based surface conductive glass. This research was conducted using educational design research methods using the framework of the Model of Educational Reconstruction (MER). This research produces Transparent Conductive Glass FTO (Fluorine-doped Tin Oxide) with spray deposition technique / Spray Pyrolysis using a Bunsen burner, the result of optimization of some surface conductive glass with sheet resistance of about 1 – 10 kΩ. These results were obtained by applying ten times of SnO2.F deposition on the glass, three times of spraying, and a heating time of about five minutes at a temperature of 250 – 300 °C. This procedure is obtained using a simple laboratory apparatus such as a Bunsen burner, which is available in the Basic chemistry laboratory for applying NOST (Nature of Science and Technology)

High Precision 3D Printed Syringe Pump for Contact Angle Goniometer

Contact angle goniometer is a tool used to measure the contact angle of a surface which is usually coated with nanomaterial. Contact angle goniometer has an important part, that is syringe pump as a tool for dripping a number of liquids with high precision and accurate flowrate. The function of the syringe pump is to control amount and feedrate of  liquid on a milliliter to microliter scale per minute using a simple microcontroller. In this study, this syringe pump used an arduino as a controller  and a stepper motor as a syringe driver. Casing and the syringe pump mechanism were designed with AutoCAD Fusion360 software and printed using a 3D printer. This syringe pump has an accuracy value of 99.5%, a precision value of 99.7% and a deviation value 0.4 µL which is based on the solution measured using Mettler Toledo 204 analytical balance. From the result, it is obtained that the syringe pump has been used for the contact angle goniometer with an experiment of water being dripped onto the ABS plastic surface with flowrate 100 µL/minute and the surface contact angle was analyzed using imageJ software and the result of the contact angle was 179°. Therefore, based on the result of this study, it can be concluded that the syringe pump can be used as a contact angle goniomete

Carbon Dots Synthesis from Soybean with Urea Doped As Sensitive Fe (II) Ion Detection

Synthesis of carbon dots from soybeans with urea doped (N-CDs) has been successfully conducted using the bottom-up approach via the hydrothermal method. The N-CDs showed a dark brown solution, indicating the carbon dots formed. This study analyzed the effect of optical properties before and after Fe (II) ions addition on the sensitivity of N-CDs. N-CDs characterizations were analyzed using UV-Vis Spectrophotometer and Photoluminescence Spectroscopy (PL). The results showed that the absorbance spectrum range is from 200 to 600 nm, with its absorbance peak at 290 nm. The band gap energy obtained is 3.32 eV, which indicates that N-CDs are semiconductors. The N-CDs solution resulted in good fluorescence when observed under ultraviolet light (395 nm) and emitted a bright green color. N-CDs' sensitivity when sensing Fe (II) ions with a minimum Limit of Detection (LOD) is as low as 5.7 nM. Thus, N-CDs can be used as biosensors with an easy and environmentally friendly method

Carbon Dots Synthesis from Soybean with Urea Doped As Sensitive Fe (II) Ion Detection

Synthesis of carbon dots from soybeans with urea doped (N-CDs) has been successfully conducted using the bottom-up approach via the hydrothermal method. The N-CDs showed a dark brown solution, indicating the carbon dots formed. This study analyzed the effect of optical properties before and after Fe (II) ions addition on the sensitivity of N-CDs. N-CDs characterizations were analyzed using UV-Vis Spectrophotometer and Photoluminescence Spectroscopy (PL). The results showed that the absorbance spectrum range is from 200 to 600 nm, with its absorbance peak at 290 nm. The band gap energy obtained is 3.32 eV, which indicates that N-CDs are semiconductors. The N-CDs solution resulted in good fluorescence when observed under ultraviolet light (395 nm) and emitted a bright green color. N-CDs' sensitivity when sensing Fe (II) ions with a minimum Limit of Detection (LOD) is as low as 5.7 nM. Thus, N-CDs can be used as biosensors with an easy and environmentally friendly method

Enhanced photovoltaic performance of CdS-sensitized inverted organic solar cells prepared via a successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction method

One-dimensional ZnO nanorods (ZNRs) synthesized on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) glass by hydrothermal method were modified with cadmium sulfide quantum dots (CdS QDs) as an electron transport layer (ETL) in order to enhance the photovoltaic performance of inverted organic solar cell (IOSC). In present study, CdS QDs were deposited on ZNRs using a Successive Ionic Layer Adsorption and Reaction method (SILAR) method. In typical procedures, IOSCs were fabricated by spin-coating the P3HT:PC61BM photoactive layer onto the as-prepared ZNRs/CdS QDs. The results of current-voltage (I-V) measurement under illumination shows that the FTO/ZNRs/CdS QDs/ P3HT:PC61BM/ PEDOT: PSS/Ag IOSC achieved a higher power conversion efficiency (4.06 %) in comparison to FTO/ZNRs/P3HT:PC61BM/PEDOT: PSS/Ag (3.6 %). Our findings suggest that the improved open circuit voltage (Voc) and short circuit current density (Jsc) of ZNRs/CdS QDs devices could be attributed to enhanced electron selectivity and reduced interfacial charge carrier recombination between ZNRs and P3HT:PC61BM after the deposition of CdS QDs. The CdS QDs sensitized ZNRs reported herein exhibit great potential for advanced optoelectronic application

Synergy study on charge transport dynamics in hybrid organic solar cell: photocurrent mapping and performance analysis under local spectrum

Charge transport dynamics in ZnO based inverted organic solar cell (IOSC) has been characterized with transient photocurrent spectroscopy and localised photocurrent mapping-atomic force microscopy. The value of maximum exciton generation rate was found to vary from 2.6 × 1027 m−3s−1 (Jsat = 79.7 A m−2) to 2.9 × 1027 m−3s−1 (Jsat = 90.8 A m−2) for devices with power conversion efficiency ranging from 2.03 to 2.51%. These results suggest that nanorods served as an excellent electron transporting layer that provides efficient charge transport and enhances IOSC device performance. The photovoltaic performance of OSCs with various growth times of ZnO nanorods have been analysed for a comparison between AM1.5G spectrum and local solar spectrum. The simulated PCE of all devices operating under local spectrum exhibited extensive improvement with the gain of 13.3–13.7% in which the ZnO nanorods grown at 15 min possess the highest PCE under local solar with the value of 2.82%

MEH-PPV and PCBM Solution Concentration Dependence of Inverted-Type Organic Solar Cells Based on Eosin-Y-Coated ZnO Nanorod Arrays

The influence of polymer solution concentration on the performance of chlorobenzene- (CB-) and chloroform- (CF-) based inverted-type organic solar cells has been investigated. The organic photoactive layers consisted of poly(2-methoxy-5-(2-ethyl hexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene) (MEH-PPV) and (6,6)-phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) were spin coated from CF with concentrations of 4, 6, and 8 mg/mL and from CB with concentrations of 6, 8, and 10 mg/mL onto Eosin-Y-coated ZnO nanorod arrays (NRAs). Fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) and silver (Ag) were used as electron collecting electrode and hole collecting electrode, respectively. Experimental results showed that the short circuit current density and power conversion efficiency increased with decrease of solution concentration for both CB and CF devices, which could be attributed to reducing charge recombination in thinner photoactive layer and larger contact area between the rougher photoactive layer and Ag contact. However, the open circuit voltage decreased with decreasing solution concentration due to increase of leakage current from ZnO NRAs to Ag as the ZnO NRAs were not fully covered by the polymer blend. The highest power conversion efficiencies of 0.54 ± 0.10% and 0.87 ± 0.15% were achieved at the respective lowest solution concentrations of CB and CF

A mechanistic study of silver nanostructures incorporated reduced graphene oxide via flow synthesis approach

In situ growth of silver nanostructures (AgNSs) and reduction of graphene oxide (rGO) were successfully performed using a one-step segmented flow reaction system. The detailed crystal growth mechanism of the AgNSs on the rGO was discussed. The relationship between the presence of AgNSs (nanoparticles and nanowires) on the rGO and the rGO’s electrochemical behaviour was investigated. In this report, it was found that the presence of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on the rGO’s surface enhances its specific capacitance by 400% as compared to rGO-based devices. This novel finding provides an alternative in designing future electronic devices

Facile preparation of carbon nanotubes/cellulose nanofibrils/manganese dioxide nanowires electrode for improved solid-sate supercapacitor performances

Wearable energy storage devices require high mechanical stability and high-capacitance flexible electrodes. In this study, we design a flexible supercapacitor electrode consisting of 1-dimensional carbon nanotubes (CNT), cellulose nanofibrils (CNF), and manganese dioxide nanowires (MnO2 NWs). The flexible and conductive CNT/CNF-MnO2 NWs suspension was first prepared via ultrasonic dispersion approach, followed by vacuum filtration and hot press to form the composite paper electrode. The morphological studies show entanglement between CNT and CNF, which supports the mechanical properties of the composite. The CNT/CNF-MnO2 NWs electrode exhibits lower resistance when subjected to various bending angles (−120–+120°) compared to the CNT/CNF electrode. In addition, the solid-state supercapacitor also shows a high energy density of 38 μWh cm−2 and capacitance retention of 83.2% after 5000 cycles

Facile Preparation of Carbon Nanotubes/Cellulose Nanofibrils/Manganese Dioxide Nanowires Electrode for Improved Solid-Sate Supercapacitor Performances

Wearable energy storage devices require high mechanical stability and high-capacitance flexible electrodes. In this study, we design a flexible supercapacitor electrode consisting of 1-dimensional carbon nanotubes (CNT), cellulose nanofibrils (CNF), and manganese dioxide nanowires (MnO2 NWs). The flexible and conductive CNT/CNF-MnO2 NWs suspension was first prepared via ultrasonic dispersion approach, followed by vacuum filtration and hot press to form the composite paper electrode. The morphological studies show entanglement between CNT and CNF, which supports the mechanical properties of the composite. The CNT/CNF-MnO2 NWs electrode exhibits lower resistance when subjected to various bending angles (−120–+120°) compared to the CNT/CNF electrode. In addition, the solid-state supercapacitor also shows a high energy density of 38 μWh cm−2 and capacitance retention of 83.2% after 5000 cycles