How long to find the cause? An on-line investigation of implicit causality in sentence production.

How long to find the cause? An on-line investigation of implicit causality in sentence production

Thermal Conductivity Performance of 2D hBN/MoS 2/Hybrid Nanostructures Used on Natural and Synthetic Esters

In this paper, the thermal conductivity behavior of synthetic and natural esters reinforced with 2D nanostructures-single hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), single molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), and hybrid h-BN/MOS2-were studied and compared to each other. As a basis for the synthesis of nanofluids, three biodegradable insulating lubricants were used: FR3TM and VG-100 were used as natural esters and MIDEL 7131 as a synthetic ester. Two-dimensional nanosheets of h-BN, MoS2, and their hybrid nanofillers (50/50 ratio percent) were incorporated into matrix lubricants without surfactants or additives. Nanofluids were prepared at 0.01, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, and 0.25 weight percent of filler fraction. The experimental results revealed improvements in thermal conductivity in the range of 20-32% at 323 K with the addition of 2D nanostructures, and a synergistic behavior was observed for the hybrid h-BN/MoS2 nanostructures

GreekLex 2: a comprehensive lexical database with part-of-speech, syllabic, phonological, and stress information

Databases containing lexical properties on any given orthography are crucial for psycholinguistic research. In the last ten years, a number of lexical databases have been developed for Greek. However, these lack important part-of-speech information. Furthermore, the need for alternative procedures for calculating syllabic measurements and stress information, as well as combination of several metrics to investigate linguistic properties of the Greek language are highlighted. To address these issues, we present a new extensive lexical database of Modern Greek (GreekLex 2) with part-of-speech information for each word and accurate syllabification and orthographic information predictive of stress, as well as several measurements of word similarity and phonetic information. The addition of detailed statistical information about Greek part-of-speech, syllabification, and stress neighbourhood allowed novel analyses of stress distribution within different grammatical categories and syllabic lengths to be carried out. Results showed that the statistical preponderance of stress position on the pre-final syllable that is reported for Greek language is dependent upon grammatical category. Additionally, analyses showed that a proportion higher than 90% of the tokens in the database would be stressed correctly solely by relying on stress neighbourhood information. The database and the scripts for orthographic and phonological syllabification as well as phonetic transcription are available at http://www.psychology.nottingham.ac.uk/greeklex/

Tests inférentiels bivariés

International audience[Partie&nbsp;2 – Différentes méthodes d'analyse statistique][Chapitre 7 – Tests inférentiels bivariés]L’objectif de ce chapitre est de présenter les tests inférentiels bivariés (impliquant deux variables) classiquement utilisés dans les recherches expérimentales en sciences du langage. Le test de Student sera tout d’abord abordé, suivi de l’ANOVA et du c2 d’indépendance. Pour terminer, le test de corrélation sera expliqué. Pour chaque test, les éléments suivants seront précisés : explication théorique, conditions d’application, alternatives non paramétriques, exemple de script R. Le même jeu de données sera proposé pour toutes les analyses de ce chapitre.SommaireRésuméIntroduction1. Importation du jeu de données et découverte des variables2. Test de Student3. ANOVA4. Test du c25. Test de corrélationConclusion</br

Quand une phrase complexe n’est pas si difficile à comprendre : le cas des propositions relatives

International audienceDe nombreuses études en psycholinguistique ont montré que les phrases contenant une proposition relative objet sont plus complexes que les phrases contenant une proposition relative sujet. À travers une revue de la littérature, nous montrons que ces phrases complexes peuvent être relativement simples à comprendre si certains facteurs linguistiques sont manipulés. Ces facteurs vont du niveau phonologique au niveau discursif, en passant par le lexique et la sémantique. Les résultats expérimentaux présentés sont interprétés dans le cadre des deux conceptions théoriques actuellement dominantes : celle basée sur la fréquence et celle basée sur la mémoire

Processus métacognitifs de l’écriture: construction et validation de l’échelle Composantes Métacognitives de la Planification de l’écriture

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Worldlex: Twitter and blog word frequencies for 66 languages

International audienceLexical frequency is one of the strongest predictors of word processing time. The frequencies are often calculated from book-based corpora, or more recently from subtitle-based corpora. We present new frequencies based on Twitter, blog posts, or newspapers for 66 languages. We show that these frequencies predict lexical decision reaction times similar to the already existing frequencies, or even better than them. These new frequencies are freely available and may be downloaded from http://worldlex.lexique.org

Is spelling memory improved by reading aloud ?

International audienceReading a word aloud allows for better memory performance than simply reading it silently (MacLeod et al., 2010). This production effect is robust but little is known about the kind of representations that undergird it. Does the production effect rely only on phonological representations or also on orthographic representations ? In three experiments, the MacLeod et al. (2010) procedure was used : In a first phase (learning phase), pseudowords were read silently or aloud according to their color. In a second phase (test phase), a recognition task was used with all the pseudowords presented in the learning phase (the « targets » for which French participants had to answer « yes ») and with an equal number of fillers (participants had to answer « no »). In the first experiment, the fillers in the test phase (e.g., ganud) were phonologically and orthographically different from the targets (e.g., pasto). The results showed that recognition accuracy was greater in the reading aloud condition than in the reading silently condition (30% difference). In the second experiment, the phonological information was reduced : the fillers (e.g., pavto) differed by only one phoneme from the targets (e.g., pasto). The results showed a weaker but still significant production effect (13% difference). In the third experiment, phonological information was not available to distinguish fillers from targets, and only orthographic information was helpful. For instance, if the pseudoword « pasto » was presented in the learning phase, the corresponding filler « pasteau » was presented in the test phase (both pseudowords were phonologically identical in French but orthographically different). Although much smaller, the production effect still remained (5% difference). Overall, the results showed that the production effect is mainly based on phonological information but it can be observed even when only orthographic information is available

Lexique-Infra: grapheme-phoneme, phoneme-grapheme regularity, consistency, and other sublexical statistics for 137,717 polysyllabic French words

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