Libre culture: meditations on free culture

Libre Culture is the essential expression of the free culture/copyleft movement. This anthology, brought together here for the first time, represents the early groundwork of Libre Society thought. Referring to the development of creativity and ideas, capital works to hoard and privatize the knowledge and meaning of what is created. Expression becomes monopolized, secured within an artificial market-scarcity enclave and finally presented as a novelty on the culture industry in order to benefit cloistered profit motives. In the way that physical resources such as forests or public services are free, Libre Culture argues for the freeing up of human ideas and expression from copyright bulwarks in all forms

Eigenmode Analysis of Boundary Conditions for the One-Dimensional Preconditioned Euler Equations

The effect of local preconditioning on boundary conditions is analyzed for the subsonic, one-dimensional Euler equations. Decay rates for the eigenmodes of the initial boundary value problem are determined for different boundary conditions and different preconditioners whose intent is to accelerate low Mach number computations. Riemann invariant boundary conditions based on the unpreconditioned Euler equations are shown to be reflective when used with preconditioning, and asymptotically, at low Mach numbers, initial disturbances do not decay. Other boundary conditions are shown to be perfectly non-reflective in conjunction with preconditioning. Two-dimensional numerical results confirm the trends predicted by the one-dimensional analysis

\u27Being in\u27 and \u27Feeling seen\u27 in Professional Development as new Teachers: The Ontological Layer(ing) of Professional Development Practice

Dominant discourses on professional development for teachers internationally are increasingly geared to the priority of ensuring individual teachers are meeting prescribed standards-based performance benchmarks which we call ‘performativities’ in this paper. While this intent is invariably played out in individualised performance management meetings and ‘fly by’ professional development workshops, our research into a NZ primary school discovered a counter-movement at work rejecting imposed standards and preoccupations with instrumental performativites and replacing these with teacher co-constructed and contextualised capacity matrices immersed within an ‘open’ and ‘seeing’ professional learning culture of support. Within manifestations of a rich and enabling culture of professional development the ontological nature of professional development within the school offers understandings which show the experiential nature of ‘being in’ and ‘feeling seen’ in professional development with consequent implications for improved classroom practices. The purpose of this paper is to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – Using interpretive and hermeneutic analyses within a phenomenological inquiry, experiential accounts of the nature of professional development at a New Zealand Primary School are worked for their emergent and ontological themes. Findings – This research reveals the ontological nature of professional development as a matter of ‘being in’ and ‘feeling seen’ in professional development in an embodied, supported and holistic way. Originality/value – Importantly, the nature of a school’s culture and a teacher’s way-of-being within this culture matters to teacher professional development practices and teacher professional growth. Implications exist for school leaders, teacher educators, and teacher and leader education programmes approaches to professional development in relation to the priority of experiential stories for understanding professional development practice, the need for re-balancing a concern for professional knowledge and practice with new teachers as a ‘way of being’ in professional development, and the pedagogical implications of evoking sensitivities and attunement in professional development practice for new teachers. Keywords- Teacher Standards, School Culture, Professional Development, Ontology Paper type- Conceptual research pape

Determination of Drag From Three-Dimensional Viscous and Inviscid Flowfield Computations

A momentum balance approach is used to extract the drag from flowfield computations for wings and wing/bodies in subsonic/transonic flight. The drag is decomposed into vorticity, entropy, and enthalpy components which can be related to the established engineering concepts of induced drag, wave and profile drag, and engine power and efficiency. This decomposition of the drag is useful in formulating techniques for accurately evaluating drag using computational fluid dynamics calculations or experimental data. A formulation for reducing the size of the region of the crossflow plane required for calculating the drag is developed using cut-off parameters for viscosity and entropy. This improves the accuracy of the calculations and decreases the computation time required to obtain the drag results. The improved method is applied to a variety of wings, including the M6, W4, and Ml65 wings, Lockheed Wing A, a NACA 0016 wing, and an Elliptic wing. The accuracy of the resulting drag calculations is related to various computational aspects, including grid type (structured or unstructured), grid density, flow regime (subsonic or transonic), boundary conditions, and the level of the governing equations (Euler or Navier-Stokes). The results show that drag prediction to within engineering accuracy is possible using computational fluid dynamics, and that numerical drag optimization of complex aircraft configurations is possibl

IL‐12‐polarized Th1 cells produce GM‐CSF and induce EAE independent of IL‐23

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/115966/1/eji3410.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/115966/2/eji3410-sup-0002-PRC.pd

The dynamism of salt crust patterns on playas

Playas are common in arid environments and can be major sources of mineral dust that can influence global climate. These landforms typically form crusts that limit evaporation and dust emission, modify surface erosivity and erodibility, and can lead to over prediction or under prediction of (1) dust-emission potential and (2) water and heat fluxes in energy balance modeling. Through terrestrial laser scanning measurements of part of the Makgadikgadi Pans of Botswana (a Southern Hemisphere playa that emits significant amounts of dust), we show that over weeks, months, and a year, the shapes of these surfaces change considerably (ridge thrusting of >30 mm/week) and can switch among continuous, ridged, and degraded patterns. Ridged pattern development changes the measured aerodynamic roughness of the surface (as much as 3 mm/week). The dynamic nature of these crusted surfaces must be accounted for in dust entrainment and moisture balance formulae to improve regional and global climate models

Complexity in an Unexpected Place: Quantities in Selected Acquisition Reports

We have looked at the definition of units in numerous acquisition programs and discovered that the units reported are almost never simple; in some programs, no two units are the same, and almost invariably the units produced at the end of a long production run are substantially different from the early ones. We have identified three reasons why the units may differ. The first reason is changes over time, generally as system capabilities are improved. The second is due to mixed types, where units that are inherently dissimilar;such as CH-47F and MH-47G helicopters;are produced by the same program and each is called one unit. The final reason why units can differ is reporting accidents. We give examples of all three and discuss possible methods of improving the reporting requirement.Naval Postgraduate School Acquisition Research Progra

An evaluation of risk factors for major adverse cardiovascular events during tocilizumab therapy

Objective: To evaluate associations between lipid levels, inflammation, and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) disease activity, at baseline and during treatment, with the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in tocilizumab‐treated patients with RA. Methods: In retrospective post hoc analyses, data were pooled for 3,986 adult patients with moderate to severe RA who received ≥1 dose of tocilizumab (4 mg/kg or 8 mg/kg) intravenously every 4 weeks in randomized controlled trials and extension studies. Cox proportional hazards modeling was used to evaluate associations between baseline characteristics and posttreatment changes in laboratory and disease characteristics (week 24) and change in disease activity and laboratory values from baseline to week 24 with the risk of future MACE during extended followup. Results: We identified 50 independently adjudicated cases of MACE during 14,683 patient‐years of followup (0.34 MACE cases/100 patient‐years). At baseline, age, a history of cardiac disorders, the Disease Activity Score in 28 joints (DAS28), and the total cholesterol:high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio were independently associated with MACE in multivariable models (P < 0.05 for all). During treatment, a higher DAS28 and higher swollen and tender joint counts at week 24 were associated with future MACE. In separate models, greater reductions in the DAS28 and joint counts from baseline to week 24 were inversely associated with future MACE; changes in lipid parameters were not statistically significantly associated with the risk of MACE. Conclusion: In this population of patients treated with tocilizumab, an association was observed between the baseline total cholesterol:high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and an increased risk of MACE. The risk of MACE while receiving treatment, however, was associated with control of disease activity but not lipid changes. Larger studies are needed to confirm these findings