The Importance of the System Category in Security Studies

Using qualitative methods of source analysis and tracing the process of scientific discourse, an attempt was made to answer the research question: What is the relevance of the system category for security sciences? The study provides arguments in favour of confirming the author’s hypothesis that the category of system constitutes one of the universes of security sciences in terms of research object as well as methodology. In addition, the category is important for defining the identity of this scientific discipline

Monarchia teokratyczna Stanisława Orzechowskiego

The text contains a presentation and discussion of the views of Stanisław Orzechowski, a Russian priest of the Roman rite, educated at Western universities and involved in political disputes of the nobility under the rule of Sigismund Augustus. He was a writer who stood out from the humanists of the age by his attachment to the Church. He became known as a radical opponent of the Reformation, which he constantly fought against, but at the same time defended the Eastern Churches against unification with Rome. His views led him to formulate a theocratic doctrine of the state, in which the king bound by the coronation oath became subordinate to the archbishop of Gniezno – the primate Polish. He was also a singer of the freedom of the Kingdom of Poland, thanks to which it is the best earthly state. According to him, this happened by combining the classical (pagan) theory of a mixed system with Christian values

Local security in the idea of sustainable development

Purpose: The aim of the research is to analyse the relationship between the level and sense of security of residents and local sustainable development. Design/Methodology/Approach: The analysis of local security in the context of sustainable development is based on critical analysis of literature and statistical data. In addition, the results of research on the evaluation of the basic elements of the local security system, carried out on a statistically significant sample (4,400 people) of residents of local communities in the Kujawsko-Pomorskie Voivodeship. Additionally, taxonomic analyses were carried out, in which the assessments of the level of security by the communities of the powiats of the above voivodeship were compared. In the further part of the study, a review was made of the correlation of taxonomic measures of local security level with the most important indicators of sustainable development. In the final phase of the study, the ranking of powiats of Kujawsko-Pomorskie voivodeship was constructed according to the integrated measure of development. Findings: Local communities, in conditions of sustainable development, aim at the security (social order) of individuals associated in the local community. The special role of local government in ensuring the principle of sustainable development is proved by the systemic solutions adopted in Poland and legal regulations specifying the competences and tasks of local government units of various levels. Practical Implications: The results are of significant importance to local authorities. They allow for a better design of local development management systems, taking into account the assessment of individual elements of the security system. Originality/Value: The research carried out has primarily proven the usefulness of multidimensional analysis and linear ordering methods for the assessment of the examined issues. Sustainability issues, which by nature are multidimensional problems, should not be assessed through the prism of single indicators or stratetical documents.peer-reviewe

Maria Einhorn-Susułowska

Artykuł prezentuje sylwetkę profesor Marii Einhorn-Susułowskiej, psycholożki klinicznej, pedagożki, twórczyni krakowskiej szkoły psychologii klinicznej. Artykuł przedstawia jej zainteresowania naukowe, a także nie łatwą drogę życiową w czasie II wojny światowej. Einhorn-Susułowska była prekursorką rozszerzenia obszaru badań psychologii klinicznej na problemy osób w kryzysie życiowym oraz ludzi starszych. Stworzyła nowoczesny model pracy psychologa klinicznego. W pracy naukowej łączyła swoje zainteresowania pedagogiczne, psychologiczne, medyczne co sprawiało, że do problemów osób starszych i osób w kryzysie podchodziła w sposób holistyczny.The article presents the profile of Professor Maria Einhorn-Susułowska, a clinical psychologist and the creator of the Krakow School of Clinical Psychology. The article describes her professional path and the difficult life journey during World War II. Professor Susułowska pioneered the field of clinical psychology to include issues related to people in a life crisis and the elderly. In her scientific work, she combined her pedagogical and psychological interests, which allowed her to approach the problems of the elderly and people in crisis holistically

Spectroscopy and photophysics of 5-deazaalloxazine derivatives. Experimental and theoretical approaches

Wydział ChemiiWłaściwości spektralne i fotofizyczne 5-deazaalloksazyny (5DAll), jej metylowych pochodnych, 10-etylo-5-deazaizoalloksazyny (10Et-5DIzoAll) oraz monometylowych pochodnych alloksazyny o budowie czteropierścieniowej zostały określone przy zastosowaniu metod eksperymentalnych oraz teoretycznych. Struktury elektronowe cząsteczek oraz przewidywane energie przejść singlet → singlet, singlet → tryplet oraz tryplet → tryplet zostały wyznaczone głównie przy wykorzystaniu metod DFT oraz ab-initio. W przypadku pochodnych 5DAll oraz badanych pochodnych alloksazyny określono, iż najniższy wzbudzony stan singletowy ma charakter π,π*. Stany trypletowe wybranych cząsteczek zostały scharakteryzowane w acetonitrylu i wodzie. Dla pochodnych 5DAll wyznaczono czas życia stanu trypletowego, który zanikał w mikrosekundowej skali czasowej. Badane pochodne 5DAll zostały zdefiniowane jako wydajne sensybilizatory tlenu singletowego. Pokazana została również użyteczność synchronicznej spektroskopii fluorescencyjnej w badaniach różnych pochodnych flawin i 5-deazaflawin.Spectral and photophysical properties of 5-deazaalloxazine (5DAll), its methyl derivatives, 10-ethyl-5-deazaisoalloxazine (10Et-5DIzoAll) and alloxazine derivatives with four ring structure have been investigated using experimental and theoretical approach. UV/Vis absorption and emission spectroscopy have been used to describe the electronic structure of studied molecules. Values of the fluorescence quantum yield determined are relatively high, the fluorescence lifetimes are relatively long comparing to respective alloxazines. Both spectral and photophysical properties of 10Et-5DIzoAll and 5DAll derivatives are different as compared to the respective iso- and alloxazines. The electronic structures of molecules and the predicted energies of singlet → singlet, singlet → triplet and triplet → triplet transitions have been determined using the DFT and ab-inito methods. For 5DAll derivatives and for alloxazine derivatives with four ring structure the S0→S1 transition has been found having π,π* character. The triplet lifetime for 5DAll derivatives have been found in a microsecond time range. It has been found that 5DAll derivatives can be used as efficient photosensitizers of singlet oxygen. The applications of the synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy have been implemented, especially in studies of mixtures of flavin and 5-deazaflavin type of compounds.Praca doktorska jest współfinansowana ze środków badawczych Narodowego Centrum Nauki: - projekt badawczy z zakresu badań podstawowych "Etiuda" (2013/08/T/ST4/00640); kierownik: mgr Mateusz Gierszewski - projekt badawczy z zakresu badań podstawowych "Opus" (2012/05/B/ST4/01207); kierownik: prof. dr hab. Marek Siko