Les “Essais” furent-ils censurés par Rome en 1581?

In 1996, Peter Godman made the important discovery of the ‘Censorship’ manuscript of Montaigne’s Essais (1581), in the “C Protocol” of the Congregation Archive for the Faith Doctrine (1581). In our article, we will try to answer the title question – obviously a rhetorical one, implying its denial. This will emerge from our investigation of the document’s material features: the paper size, the editors’ handwriting, the erasures, and the language of the text. The characteristics of the volume – its opening alphabetical index and the heterogeneous nature of the other related documents – can only raise doubts about the nature of this document. So, we will be witnesses of the following twist: we may assume that the document is not the “Censorship of the Essais”, but a report requested by the Sacred Palace Master from two ‘censors’, which was not followed by the Congregation Index. In fact, the name of Montaigne does not appear in any of the numerous lists of books judged as heterodox compiled during the sixteenth century

Trayecto curricular de la Materia Optativa “Lógicas Ambientales para el Proyecto Arquitectónico”

The epistemological foundations and the operational modalities of the elective subject “Environmental Logics for Architectonic Project” are presented. The subject is being dictaded since 2009 at the FAPyD at UNR. It focuses on the dissociation between society and nature pointing out the need of implementing strategies to reduce anthropic impacts on available resources. The concept of Habitat Environmental Efficiency is proposed on various scales, as part of the theoretical contents. This issue aims to recognize the environmental problems associated with inefficient use of land, matter and energy in relation with the principles of environmentally conscious design in the Architectural and Urban Field. The criteria adopted are described for the development of the practical works through the years of teaching. Relevant variables in the process of contextualized design project focuses on rational use of resources and habitability in Social Housing.Se presentan los fundamentos epistemológicos y las modalidades operativas de la materia optativa “Lógicas Ambientales para el Proyecto Arquitectónico”, dictada desde 2009 en la FAPyD – UNR, la cual plantea la disociación sociedad-naturaleza, fundamentando la necesidad de implementar estrategias que reduzcan los impactos antrópicos sobre los recursos disponibles. Se explicita el concepto de Eficiencia Ambiental del Hábitat en sus diversas escalas, como parte de los contenidos teóricos orientados a reconocer las problemáticas ambientales asociadas al uso ineficiente del suelo, la materia y la energía en el campo Arquitectónico y Urbanístico, en relación con las lógicas generales del diseño ambientalmente consciente. Se describen los criterios adoptados para el desarrollo de los trabajos prácticos a lo largo de los años de dictado, y las variables significativas inherentes al proceso crítico de toma de decisiones proyectuales contextualizadas y atentas al uso racional de los recursos y a la habitabilidad en el diseño del Hábitat Social

Controversy and consensus on indications for sperm DNA fragmentation testing in male infertility: a global survey, current guidelines, and expert recommendations.

PURPOSE: Sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) testing was recently added to the sixth edition of the World Health Organization laboratory manual for the examination and processing of human semen. Many conditions and risk factors have been associated with elevated SDF; therefore, it is important to identify the population of infertile men who might benefit from this test. The purpose of this study was to investigate global practices related to indications for SDF testing, compare the relevant professional society guideline recommendations, and provide expert recommendations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Clinicians managing male infertility were invited to take part in a global online survey on SDF clinical practices. This was conducted following the CHERRIES checklist criteria. The responses were compared to professional society guideline recommendations related to SDF and the appropriate available evidence. Expert recommendations on indications for SDF testing were then formulated, and the Delphi method was used to reach consensus. RESULTS: The survey was completed by 436 experts from 55 countries. Almost 75% of respondents test for SDF in all or some men with unexplained or idiopathic infertility, 39% order it routinely in the work-up of recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL), and 62.2% investigate SDF in smokers. While 47% of reproductive urologists test SDF to support the decision for varicocele repair surgery when conventional semen parameters are normal, significantly fewer general urologists (23%; p=0.008) do the same. Nearly 70% would assess SDF before assisted reproductive technologies (ART), either always or for certain conditions. Recurrent ART failure is a common indication for SDF testing. Very few society recommendations were found regarding SDF testing. CONCLUSIONS: This article presents the largest global survey on the indications for SDF testing in infertile men, and demonstrates diverse practices. Furthermore, it highlights the paucity of professional society guideline recommendations. Expert recommendations are proposed to help guide clinicians

Controversy and consensus on the management of elevated sperm DNA fragmentation in male infertility: a global survey, current guidelines, and expert recommendations

PURPOSE: Sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) has been associated with male infertility and poor outcomes of assisted reproductive technology (ART). The purpose of this study was to investigate global practices related to the management of elevated SDF in infertile men, summarize the relevant professional society recommendations, and provide expert recommendations for managing this condition. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An online global survey on clinical practices related to SDF was disseminated to reproductive clinicians, according to the CHERRIES checklist criteria. Management protocols for various conditions associated with SDF were captured and compared to the relevant recommendations in professional society guidelines and the appropriate available evidence. Expert recommendations and consensus on the management of infertile men with elevated SDF were then formulated and adapted using the Delphi method. RESULTS: A total of 436 experts from 55 different countries submitted responses. As an initial approach, 79.1% of reproductive experts recommend lifestyle modifications for infertile men with elevated SDF, and 76.9% prescribe empiric antioxidants. Regarding antioxidant duration, 39.3% recommend 4-6 months and 38.1% recommend 3 months. For men with unexplained or idiopathic infertility, and couples experiencing recurrent miscarriages associated with elevated SDF, most respondents refer to ART 6 months after failure of conservative and empiric medical management. Infertile men with clinical varicocele, normal conventional semen parameters, and elevated SDF are offered varicocele repair immediately after diagnosis by 31.4%, and after failure of antioxidants and conservative measures by 40.9%. Sperm selection techniques and testicular sperm extraction are also management options for couples undergoing ART. For most questions, heterogenous practices were demonstrated. CONCLUSIONS: This paper presents the results of a large global survey on the management of infertile men with elevated SDF and reveals a lack of consensus among clinicians. Furthermore, it demonstrates the scarcity of professional society guidelines in this regard and attempts to highlight the relevant evidence. Expert recommendations are proposed to help guide clinicians

Controversy and Consensus on Indications for Sperm DNA Fragmentation Testing in Male Infertility: A Global Survey, Current Guidelines, and Expert Recommendations

Purpose: Sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) testing was recently added to the sixth edition of the World Health Organization laboratory manual for the examination and processing of human semen. Many conditions and risk factors have been associated with elevated SDF; therefore, it is important to identify the population of infertile men who might benefit from this test. The purpose of this study was to investigate global practices related to indications for SDF testing, compare the relevant professional society guideline recommendations, and provide expert recommendations. Materials and Methods: Clinicians managing male infertility were invited to take part in a global online survey on SDF clinical practices. This was conducted following the CHERRIES checklist criteria. The responses were compared to professional society guideline recommendations related to SDF and the appropriate available evidence. Expert recommendations on indications for SDF testing were then formulated, and the Delphi method was used to reach consensus. Results: The survey was completed by 436 experts from 55 countries. Almost 75% of respondents test for SDF in all or some men with unexplained or idiopathic infertility, 39% order it routinely in the work-up of recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL), and 62.2% investigate SDF in smokers. While 47% of reproductive urologists test SDF to support the decision for varicocele repair surgery when conventional semen parameters are normal, significantly fewer general urologists (23%; p=0.008) do the same. Nearly 70% would assess SDF before assisted reproductive technologies (ART), either always or for certain conditions. Recurrent ART failure is a common indication for SDF testing. Very few society recommendations were found regarding SDF testing. Conclusions: This article presents the largest global survey on the indications for SDF testing in infertile men, and demonstrates diverse practices. Furthermore, it highlights the paucity of professional society guideline recommendations. Expert recommendations are proposed to help guide clinicians

Controversy and consensus on the management of elevated sperm DNA fragmentation in male infertility: A global survey, current guidelines, and expert recommendations

Purpose Sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) has been associated with male infertility and poor outcomes of assisted reproductive technology (ART). The purpose of this study was to investigate global practices related to the management of elevated SDF in infertile men, summarize the relevant professional society recommendations, and provide expert recommendations for managing this condition. Materials and Methods An online global survey on clinical practices related to SDF was disseminated to reproductive clinicians, according to the CHERRIES checklist criteria. Management protocols for various conditions associated with SDF were captured and compared to the relevant recommendations in professional society guidelines and the appropriate available evidence. Expert recommendations and consensus on the management of infertile men with elevated SDF were then formulated and adapted using the Delphi method. Results A total of 436 experts from 55 different countries submitted responses. As an initial approach, 79.1% of reproductive experts recommend lifestyle modifications for infertile men with elevated SDF, and 76.9% prescribe empiric antioxidants. Regarding antioxidant duration, 39.3% recommend 4–6 months and 38.1% recommend 3 months. For men with unexplained or idiopathic infertility, and couples experiencing recurrent miscarriages associated with elevated SDF, most respondents refer to ART 6 months after failure of conservative and empiric medical management. Infertile men with clinical varicocele, normal conventional semen parameters, and elevated SDF are offered varicocele repair immediately after diagnosis by 31.4%, and after failure of antioxidants and conservative measures by 40.9%. Sperm selection techniques and testicular sperm extraction are also management options for couples undergoing ART. For most questions, heterogenous practices were demonstrated. Conclusions This paper presents the results of a large global survey on the management of infertile men with elevated SDF and reveals a lack of consensus among clinicians. Furthermore, it demonstrates the scarcity of professional society guidelines in this regard and attempts to highlight the relevant evidence. Expert recommendations are proposed to help guide clinicians

Les Tragiques d'Agrippa d'Aubigné et les vaudois

Agrippa d'Aubigné's "Tragiques" and the Waldensians In "The Tragiques" (1577-1616), the protestant poet Agrippa d'Aubigné makes eight references to the Waldensians. But in the foreword ( « Avis aux lecteurs » ) particular mention is made to an « old pastor from Angrogna ». This pastor is the only one among the « servants of God » who encouraged him to publish his work, to be cited without being named. The scope and the eschatological significance of this poetic tale grants the Waldensians a model position, at the same time almost ideal yet modest.Dans "Les Tragiques" (1577-1616), le poète protestant Agrippa d'Aubigné fait allusion à huit reprises aux vaudois. Mais une place spéciale est attribuée à un « vieil pasteur d'Angrongne » dans l'Avis aux lecteurs. Ce pasteur est le seul, parmi « les serviteurs de Dieu » qui l'ont poussé à publier son œuvre, à être cité sans être nommé. Par sa portée et sa signification eschatologique, ce récit poétique accorde une place modèle aux vaudois, quasi idéale et pourtant modeste.Giacone Franco. Les Tragiques d'Agrippa d'Aubigné et les vaudois. In: Revue de l'histoire des religions, tome 217, n°1, 2000. Les vaudois. pp. 179-196

In memoriam Lionello Sozzi

Giacone Franco. In memoriam Lionello Sozzi. In: Réforme, Humanisme, Renaissance, n°79, 2014. pp. 9-11

Esculape et Dionysos : mélanges en l'honneur de Jean Céard

978-2-600-01181-