Repatriation of the Kohinoor Diamond: Expanding the Legal Paradigm for Cultural Heritage

This Article is segmented as follows: Part I provides an historical account of the temporal trajectory through which the Kohinoor diamond has evolved over the centuries. The exploration of the legality of repatriation begins in Part II, where it explains the structural difficulties presented by arguments that seek to justify the retention of cultural artifacts. This leads to the discussion of the existing international law framework in Part III. The background presented in these sections provides the foundation utilized to advance a theoretical framework that expands the definition of cultural artifacts to define the legal paradigm for the repatriation of cultural heritage. Finally, Part IV concludes with the affirmation that there is no place for the continuation of colonial blunders by refusing to repatriate cultural artifacts on account of commercial interests and faulty legal reasoning

Asymmetric price adjustment of Ukrainian feed wheat export prices in relation to U.S. maize exports: A Note

This note aims to investigate the price dynamics between Ukrainian feed wheat exports and U.S. maize exports employing the method by Enders and Siklos (2001) to allow for threshold adjustment. The analysis reveals slow amounts of adjustment towards equilibrium for a positive change in the equilibrium relationship, but a substantial amount of adjustment for a negative change in the equilibrium relationship. This would imply that Ukrainian prices would have to decrease at a faster rate in order to retain their market share. The fact that there is some evidence of asymmetric price adjustment is not surprising given that Ukraine is a minor exporter in relation to the U.S. and that policy intervention exists in the Ukrainian wheat market. The nature of price dynamics sheds light on how Ukraine has been strategically responding to U.S. maize exports since the mid 1990s.Wheat.

Nonlinear Price Transmission in Wheat Export Prices

This paper attempts to model the price relationship between the major exporters of wheat. The motivation of such research is to reveal whether prices are integrated and whether potential nonlinearities in price adjustment exist. Given the perception that transactions costs may be highly variable in the wheat market, the paper aims to test for the presence of cointegration in the presence of smooth transition adjustment. The results conclude that the further the prices deviate from each other, the larger will be the arbitrage and substitution that will drive the prices close to each other. However, the results suggest that the arbitrage will be limited as the various wheat prices employed in this study may be linked to highly variable transactions costs or some other form of imperfect competition.price adjustment; estar; wheat; cointegration

Local electromagnetic properties of magnetic pnictides: A comparative study probed by NMR measurement

75As and 31P NMR studies are performed in PrCoAsO and NdCoPO respectively. The Knight shift data in PrCoAsO indicate the presence of an antiferromagnetic interaction between the 4f moments along the c axis in the ferromagnetic state of Co 3d moments. We propose a possible spin structure in this system. The 75As quadrupolar coupling constant, $\nu_Q$ increases continuously with the decrease of temperature and is found to vary linearly with the intrinsic spin susceptibility, Kiso. This indicates a possibility of the presence of a coupling between charge density and spin density fluctuations. Further, 31P NMR Knight shift and spin lattice relaxation rate (1/T1) in the paramagnetic state of NdCoPO indicate that the differences between LaCoPO and NdCoPO with SmCoPO are due to the decrement of inter layer separation and not due to the moments of 4f electrons. Nuclear spin lattice relaxation time (T1) in NdCoPO shows weak anisotropy at 300 K. Using self consistent renormalization (SCR)theory of itinerant ferromagnet, it is shown that in the ab plane, the spin fluctuations are three dimensional ferromagnetic in nature. From SCR theory the important spin fluctuation parameters ($T_0$, $T_A$, $\bar{F}_1$) are evaluated. The similarities and dissimilarities of the NMR results in As and P based systems, with different rare earths have also been discussed.Comment: 18 pages,13 figures, accepted for publication in J. Phys. Condens. Matte

Long-Run Relationship of U.S. and Argentine Maize Prices

This paper examines the relationship between the maize export prices of the United States and Argentina. The results suggest an asymmetric nature of price adjustment. This could be due to the fact that the maize market is characterized by significant concentration. The larger market share of exports by the United States reflects the influences on export price dynamics. The structure of maize trade is such that U.S. markets are largely insulated from influences flowing from Argentina, while Argentine maize prices are not insulated from U.S. influences.cointegration, maize, price dynamics, threshold adjustment, Demand and Price Analysis, International Relations/Trade,

PRICE LINKAGES IN THE INTERNATIONAL WHEAT MARKET

This paper brings time series techniques to bear on the relationships between the prices of the principal types of wheat traded internationally. In all, the relationships between eleven wheat prices (categorised by wheat quality, harvest date and port of despatch) are scrutinised to uncover the structure of the wheat market implicit in the behaviour its prices reveal. The statistical evidence supports the notion of a highly integrated market that is segmented according to wheat strength-the principal determinant of end-use. Three segments are identified: a market for 'strong' (bread-making) wheat, another for 'weak' (confectionary products-making) wheat and a third for medium strength wheat suitable for unleavened breads and noodles. Whilst informative, market integration - detected by cointegration among prices - is not altogether surprising, yet the presence of cointegration implies a causal structure, which is of more cogent interest. Among a number of complementary techniques, linkages are uncovered using an innovative concept of irreducible cointegration vectors (Davidson 1998, Barassi et al 2001) which provides new evidence on price linkages. Statistical evidence is robust and not test-dependent. Specifically, we find a dominant price leader in each sub-market. In terms of its pricing, the EU is found to play a passive role in the world market, confirming a widely held view.Wheat market, price linkages, irreducible cointegration vectors, Crop Production/Industries, International Relations/Trade,

Impact Of Sarbanes-Oxley On Multiple Listed Corporations: Conflicts In Comparative Corporate Laws And Possible Remedies

In the summer of 2002, the United States Congress adopted the Sarbanes- Oxley Act of 2002 as a response to the widely-publicized financial scandals involving the corporate giants Enron, WorldCom, Tyco and others