The Knowledge and Attitude of Teachers about HIV/AIDS; before and after Training in Khorasan Razavi Province, Iran

Introduction The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a retrovirus that infects cells of the immune system, destroying or impairing their function. As the infection progresses, the immune system becomes weaker, and the person becomes more susceptible to infections. The most advanced stage of HIV infection is acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of  intervention training on knowledge and attitude of teachers about HIV/AIDS. Materials and Methods This quasi-experimental study, 11 cities were selected randomly cluster among 27 cities of Khorasan Razavi province- Iran. The study teachers were selected multi stage cluster sampling method; so, in the selected cities, randomly selected a number of 4 high schools of each cluster, and all the teachers of these schools were invited to participate in this research. At pre-test basic knowledge and attitude of teachers about HIV/AIDS were evaluated. Then their educational needs and curriculum were designed. Then 2 weeks after conducting the education, teacher's knowledge and attitude were evaluated (post-test). Results 1,838 teachers with the mean age of 39.81+6.104 participated in this study. The mean score of their knowledge about HIV/AIDS rose from 11.84+2.116 to 12.2+ 1.450 after intervention. The mean score of their attitude about HIV/AIDS rose from 18.07+4.740 to 20.64+4.905 after intervention. The results showed that there was a significant difference between teachers’ knowledge and attitude before and after the training program (P=0.000). Conclusion According to the study it can be concluded teachers training to increase knowledge about HIV/AIDS and improve their attitude towards the disease AIDS

The relationship between neonatal factors and involving with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PD) and patients\' outcome in Fars Province

Introduction: Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PD) or fauvism is the most common enzyme deficiency in human, so that 400 million people are living with this disease worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the role of some neonatal factors among newborns suffering from G6PD deficiency and neonatal outcomes associated with this disease. Materials and methods: In this study, two methods including case-control and retrospective cohort regarding some neonatal factors associated with G6PD deficiency were used. These methods were performed on 142 children with this kind of deficiency and 142 healthy infants in the city of Marvdasht during 2013- 2014. The analysis of data was based on chi-square tests, t-test, logistic regression, descriptive statistics and estimation of odds ratios or relative risks via SPSS16 software. Results: Totally 284 newborns including 132 (46.6%)/ 152 (53.4%) boys/girls and mean weight on birth of 3163 ± 471 (gr) were analyzed. Comparison of case and control samples did not show any significant differences between sex and involving with G6PD deficiency but the chance of having a baby with this defect in pregnancy intervals between 6 to 8 years was increased (95% CI: 1- 4.4, OR: 2). Relative risk of jaundice in infected and healthy infants was estimated as 3.73, which demonstrated a statistically significant association (95% CI: 1.33- 10.4). The frequency of low birth weight, birth order and type of delivery was associated with the disease, but their differences were insignificant compared to the healthy group. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the number of hospitalization is increased due to jaundice in infants with G6PD. There is also an insignificant relation between low birth weight, rank of birth and type of delivery. Thus, it is recommended that other consequences of this deficiency need to be revealed by screening other populations with more samples