Fault Diagnosis Method for Mobile Ad-hoc Network by Using Smart Neural Networks

AbstractMANETs are dynamic collection of autonomous nodes that communicate with each other via wireless connections. One of the events that the network should have expected it to be a fault, and the behavior is more important, in this network. So that fault diagnosis can effect on final performance of the network in such a way that it does not fall under the negative impact of the fault. A non-linear neural network is a statistical method for modeling data or the tools to make decisions. Artificial neural network is a method for pattern recognition and classification. Error detection is a problem of categorization or classification. The use of neural networks can be useful in fault diagnosis in MANETs because of fault diagnosis is a classification problem. But one problem with this method is placed in a local optimum. Here a method based on the combination of the back-propagation algorithm, a local search algorithm and learning automata as efficient global search, is proposed. In the proposed method, the algorithm of learning automata adjusting learning rate on neural network according to given formula. For training and testing the neural network of the mobile network parameters that were measured, were used as input and output. The results show that the proposed method in terms of repeatability, reliability and lack of placement in a local optimum is better

Analysis and Validation of a Designed Solar Chimney with 50 KW Output Power between 7 AM and 5 PM during a Year as a Power Supply Unit for Bushehr Province, Iran

The aim of the current research is analysis and validation of a solar tower (chimney) designed for power generation in southern provinces of Iran, especially in Bushehr province. The analysis consists of preparing and drawing the graphs of solar irradiance intensity on horizontal planes, analysis of solar tower without storing, preparing graphs considering the diameter of collector (absorber or receiver), height of tower and diameter of turbine in 50 kW output power. Already, the amount of received solar energy is computed by available relationships governing on tower elements as a set of codes in MATLAB. In addition, experimental data is already used to validate the results obtained from finite element software FLUENT. In the current research, the obtained results from graphs produced by computer softwares (EXCEL and FLUENT) with 50 kW daily output power (from 7 AM to 5 PM during a year) are analyzed and validated comparing to the model produced in Manzanares, Spain. The obtained results are represented in two parts: the first one shows characteristic curve of solar towers (i.e. a curve representing the relationship between tower elements in a given power); the second part shows the variable output power during a day. It is obvious from characteristic curves that in low powers and small diameters, turbine needs large size receiver and high equivalent height. Considering the cost effectiveness conditions, it can scientifically compete with the produced model

Is preoperative serum creatinine a reliable indicator of outcome in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery?

ObjectiveEvaluating renal function by calculating creatinine clearance as an alternative measure to serum creatinine may give a better estimation of postoperative renal function in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting.MethodsUsing our database, we conducted a retrospective review of the records of all 11,884 patients aged 21 years or older undergoing pure bypass grafting who required cardiopulmonary bypass. Preoperative renal function was categorized as normal renal function (serum creatinine ≤1.1 mg/dL and creatinine clearance > 60 mL/min), occult renal insufficiency (serum creatinine ≤ 1.1 mg/dL and creatinine clearance ≤ 60 mL/min), mild renal insufficiency (1.1 mg/dL < serum creatinine ≤ 1.5 mg/dL and creatinine clearance ≤ 60 mL/min) or moderate renal insufficiency (serum creatinine > 1.5 mg/dL and creatinine clearance ≤ 60 mL/min).ResultsOut of 11,884 patients in the sample, 7856 (66.1%) had normal renal function, and 706 (5.9%) had occult renal insufficiency. The rate of postoperative mortality, renal failure, atrial fibrillation, prolonged ventilation, intra-aortic balloon pump usage, and prolonged hospital stay (>7 days) was higher in patients with occult renal insufficiency than in the normal group in univariable analysis. Multivariable logistic regression analysis demonstrated that patients with occult renal insufficiency compared with the group with normal renal function were at higher risk for mortality (odds ratio = 2.59, 95% confidence interval 1.15–5.86; P = .022) and prolonged hospital stay (>7 d) (odds ratio = 1.30, 95% confidence interval 1.08–1.57; P = .005).ConclusionsTo identify higher-risk patients requiring special intensive care, and in whom new interventions can be performed to improve outcome, we recommend the preoperative calculation of creatinine clearance, especially in older women with a lower body mass index

Broad blocking of MDR efux pumps by acetylshikonin and acetoxyisovalerylshikonin to generate hypersensitive phenotype of malignant carcinoma cells

Cytotoxic activities of acetylshikonin and acetoxyisovalerylshikonin alone and in combination with chemotherapeutic agents against parental and drug resistant cell lines were determined using the MTT assay. Effects of Shikonin derivatives on BCRP, MDR1 and MRP transcript and protein levels were relatively measured. Finally, accumulation and efflux kinetics were conducted. The results revealed cell- A nd concentration-dependency of the cell cytotoxicity. Acetylshikonin and acetoxyisovalerylshikonin transiently made the mRNA ocean turbulent, but FACS analyses using fluorescent-labeled antibodies showed no significant change in the MDR-protein levels. Functional kinetics revealed significant block of MDR1, BCRP and MRP transporter in the presence of shikonin derivatives. Maximum accumulation fold changes was quantified to be 4.4 and consequently, acetoxyisovalerylshikonin pretreated EPG85.257RDB cells was chemosensitized to daunorubicin tension 3.1-fold. Although, the MDR blockage was reported to follow time- A nd cell-dependent patterns, MDR1, BCRP and MRP2 responses to the shikonins are concentration-independent. These data suggest uncompetitive transporter blockage behavior of these agents. The results indicated that shikonin derivatives stimulate uptake and reduce efflux of chemotherapeutic agents in the malignant cancer cells, suggesting that chemotherapy in combination with shikonin compounds may be beneficial to cancer cells that overexpress multidrug resistance transporters. © 2018 The Author(s)

Tumour suppressive effects of WEE1 gene silencing in breast cancer cells.

Background: WEE1 is a G2/M checkpoint regulator protein. Various studies have indicated that WEE1 could be a good target for cancer therapy. The main aim of this study was to asssess the tumor suppressive potential of WEE1 silencing in two different breast cancer cell lines, MCF7 which carries the wild-type p53 and MDA-MB468 which contains a mutant type. Materials and Methods: After WEE1 knockdown with specific shRNAs downstream effects on cell viability and cell cycle progression were determined using MTT and flow cytometry analyses, respectively. Real-time PCR and Western blotting were conducted to assess the effect of WEE1 inhibition on the expression of apoptotic (p53) and anti-apoptotic (Bcl2) factors and also a growth marker (VEGF). Results: The results showed that WEE1 inhibition could cause a significant decrease in the viability of both MCF7 and MDA-MB-468 breast cancer cell lines by more than 50%. Interestingly, DNA content assays showed a significant increase in apoptotic cells following WEE1 silencing. WEE1 inhibition also induced upregulation of the apoptotic marker, p53, in breast cancer cells. A significant decrease in the expression of VEGF and Bcl-2 was observed following WEE1 inhibition in both cell lines. Conclusions: In concordance with previous studies, our data showed that WEE1 inhibition could induce G2 arrest abrogation and consequent cell death in breast cancer cells. Moreover, in this study, the observed interactions between the pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins and decrease in the angiogenesis marker expression confirm the susceptibility to apoptosis and validate the tumor suppressive effect of WEE1 inhibition in breast cancer cells. Interestingly, the levels of the sensitivity to WEE1 silencing in breast cancer cells, MCF7 and MDA-MB468, seem to be in concordance with the level of p53 expression

Mechanical stability of the CMS strip tracker measured with a laser alignment system

Peer reviewe

Designing a Model for Integrating Succession and Career Planning of the Managers of Iranian Public Universities

This research has been conducted to design a model for integrating succession planning and career planning in Iranian Public Universities via the viewpoints of higher education managers and elites, based on the systematic design of Strauss and Corbin’s Grounded Theory method. Method: Therefore, using the purposive sampling method, 15 interviewees including universities’ executive and middle managers, authors in aforementioned field, key informants in the fields of human resource management and higher education were interviewed through semi-structured interviews, and data were extracted from the interviews. Data were analyzed through three steps of coding (open, axial and selective). Findings: The result was 25 core categories placed in a paradigmatic model consisting of the approaches of establishing an integration model (Familiarization, Participation, Organizational learning, Trust-Making, Forethought, Academic Autonomy, and Systemic vision), environmentally intervening conditions (political, Circumstantial, Socio-cultural, International, Legal and policy-making environments), contextual properties (Organizational structure, Organizational climate and culture, Managerial consistency, Resistance against change), causal conditions (Talent pool, Efficient promotion system, Human resource management, Integrating succession planning and career planning, Organizational advocacy of individual attempts, Professionalism), main phenomenon (Meritocracy), and outcomes (Individual and organizational outcomes). This model portrays the implementing process of the model for integrating succession planning and career planning Iranian Public Universities’ and the relations within categories and their dimensions

The Effect of Continuous Low Dose Methylprednisolone Infusion on Inflammatory Parameters in Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery: a Randomized-Controlled Clinical Trial

This trial was performed to determine if a continuous low-dose infusion of methylprednisolone is as effective as its bolus of high-dose in reducing inflammatory response. The study was single-center, double-blinded randomized clinical trial and performed in a surgical intensive care unit of an academic hospital. In this study, 72 consecutive patients undergoing elective coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) were assigned to receive either a methylprednisolone loading dose (1mg/kg) followed by continuous infusion (2mg/Kg/24 hours for 1 day) (low-dose regime) or a single dose of methylprednisolone (15 mg/kg) before cardiopulmonary bypass (high dose regime). Serum concentrations of IL-6 and C- reactive protein (CRP) were measured preoperatively and 6, 24 and 48 hours after surgery, and serum creatinine was measured before the operation and 24, 48 and 72 hours postoperatively. The measurements were then compared between the groups to evaluate the efficacy of each regimen. The basic characteristics and measurements were not different between the study groups. There was no significant difference in IL-6 and CRP elevation (P=0.52 and P=0.46, respectively). Early outcomes such as the length of stay in the intensive care unit, intubation time, changes in serum creatinine and blood glucose levels, inotropic support, insulin requirements, and rate of infection were also similar in both groups. A continuous low dose infusion of methylprednisolone was as effective as a single high dose methylprednisolone in reducing the inflammatory response after CABG with extracorporeal circulation with no significant difference in the postoperative measurements and outcomes

A Holistic View of Health Infrastructure Resilience before and after COVID-19

Background: Large-scale events such as COVID-19 show that there are situations that can lead to huge stress on health infrastructure systems (HIS). The pandemic reveals that it is very difficult to protect HIS from all kinds of possible hazards. They can be unpredictable and spread rapidly; hence, it is hard to find an effective mitigation strategy to completely protect society and its important HIS. Methods: An often raised central question is what we should do if we cannot protect HIS from these types of hazards. To answer this question, the focus should move from HIS protection to HIS resilience. Therefore, in this paper, the Critical Infrastructure Resilience Index (CIRI) is used to estimate the resilience of health infrastructure systems. Results: The results of the case study show that HIS resilience was enhanced significantly after the implementation of measures. The results indicate that among the resilience phases the learning phase of resilience is the weakest part. This requires a root cause analysis, which should be prioritized by HIS managers and stakeholders. Conclusion: This paper discusses how the resilience concept will help decision- and policy-makers to have a clear view of HIS performance before, during, and after the disaster. An easy-to-use and applicable methodology for HIS assessment and evaluation was employed. It can be concluded that resilience and its identified phases can help HIS managers to allocate available resources accordingly in the phases during and post-crisis