Prenatal alcohol exposure and traumatic childhood experiences : a systematic review

Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) and traumatic childhood experiences (trauma) such as abuse or neglect can each cause central nervous system neurobiological changes or structural damage which can manifest as cognitive and behavioural dysfunction. In cases where both exposures have occurred, the risk of neurodevelopmental impairment may be greater, but this interaction has not been well studied. Here we present a systematic review that identified five primary research studies which investigated either the impact of trauma in children with PAE, or of PAE in children with trauma. Due to the heterogeneity of studies, narrative analysis was applied. Children in these cohorts with both exposures were more likely to show deficits in language, attention, memory and intelligence, and exhibit more severe behavioural problems than children with one exposure in absence of the other. However, the current literature is scarce and methodologically flawed. Further studies are required that: assess dual exposure in other neurodevelopmental domains; feature developmentally impaired yet non-exposed controls; and account for the wide spectrum of effects and different diagnostic criteria associated with PAE

Part A: Some Reactions of Norbornene Oxide: Part B: Arylnorbornene Oxides

Part A: In this thesis research on the action of Grignard reagents with with norbornene oxide has been initiated and found to be of possible synthetic utility. Part B: The structure of the product of the acid catalyzed dehydration of 2-p-anisylnorbornane-2, 3-cis-exo-diol in hydrochloric acid-tetrahy-drofuran has been reassigned. It was discovered, on the basis of further data, that the structure of the high melting solid was that of the dimer of the epoxide, a p-dioxane, rather than the epoxide itself. This change was proposed for many reasons. A near total nmr analysis of the compound was completed, including double irradiation experiments, an iterative computer program comparison between the theoretically generated and experimental spectra, and high temperature nmr studies. The o,o,o\u27,o-tetra-deuterio derivative was synthesized and by means of elevated temperature nmr the free energy barrier to rotation about the aryl-norbornane bond was computed to be 19.6 kcal mole-1

Speech-Language Pathologist (Professional and Pre-professional) Awareness and Integration of Disability Rights Trends when Working with Client with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities

This study surveyed practicing speech-language pathologists and speech-language pathology students in Kentucky about their awareness and integration of three disability rights trends: person-first language, self-advocacy training for people with disabilities, and employment training for people with disabilities. This research shows the both students and practicing SLPs are not confident in their ability to incorporate such important disability rights trends into practice

Reasons for Living and Visual Construct Choices as Related to Suicide Risk of Inpatient Adolescents

This study used the Reasons for Living Inventory for Adolescents (RFL-A) and the Arrington Visual Preference Test (AVPT) to explore reasons for living and visual preferences of adolescent inpatients at risk for suicide. The potential of the RFL-A and AVPT as screening instruments for suicide risk were examined. The participants^, level of reasons for living was measured by the RFL-A, and compared to visual construct choices as determined by the AVPT. Participants consisted of 8 males and 12 females in a hospital adolescent crisis unit. Results showed that Feminine and Transformation constructs were equally most preferred and Transformation constructs were least preferred among all participants. However, among the high-risk group (n = 8) results were statistically significant at the .05 level where Feminine constructs were the 1st ranked most preferred being selected 75% of the time. Most preferred and least preferred symbols are discussed in relation to their importance in psychological life and reasons for living