Шизоїдний розлад особистості

The schizoid personality disorder is characterized by a lack of interest in close relationships, both in the family and in other interpersonal relationships, including intimate/sexual interactions, a superiority of introverted activities, emotional coldness, estrangement and flattened affect (DSM-5). This video lecture is devoted to the review of the prevalence, diagnosis, and treatment of this disorder. In addition, the lecture examines clinical cases and an example of managing such patients.Шизоїдний розлад особистості – це розлад особистості, який характеризується відсутністю інтересу до близьких стосунків, як у сім’ї, так і у інших міжособистісних відносинах, включаючи інтимні/сексуальні стосунки, переваження інтровертованих видів активності, емоційною холодністю, відчуженістю та сплощеним афектом (DSM-5). Ця відео-лекція присвячена огляду розповсюдженості, діагностики та лікуванню цього розладу. Окрім того, в лекції розглядаються клінічні випадки та приклад супроводу таких пацієнтів

Abhängigkeitserkrankungen und Persönlichkeitsstörungen: Übersicht aus neurobiologischer und psychodynamischer Perspektive

Zusammenfassung: Abhängigkeitserkrankungen und Persönlichkeitsstörungen treten klinisch häufig gemeinsam auf. In dieser Übersicht werden klinische und neurobiologische Befunde dargestellt, die durch psychodynamische Überlegungen ergänzt werden. Dies geschieht mit dem Ziel, ein Vorgehen für die psychotherapeutische Behandlung abhängigkeitserkrankter Patienten mit und ohne Persönlichkeitsstörung zu entwickeln. Der Substanzkonsum beginnt häufig mit einer Form der Selbstmedikation. Patienten mit Persönlichkeitsstörungen versuchen, durch den Substanzkonsum Affektüberflutungen zu vermeiden und ihren Selbstwert zu regulieren. Bei der chronischen Abhängigkeitserkrankung kommt es zu strukturellen Veränderungen im Gehirn. Die klinischen Symptome der Abhängigkeitserkrankung erschweren dabei häufig die Diagnostik einer spezifischen Persönlichkeitsstörung. Die Behandlung erfolgt nach den Schwergraden der Abhängigkeitserkrankung und der Persönlichkeitsstörung. Bei einer Abhängigkeitserkrankung können suchtspezifische Therapiemethoden angewandt werden. Bei der Komorbidität aus Abhängigkeitserkrankung und schwerer Persönlichkeitsstörung werden störungsspezifische Psychotherapieverfahren mit Erfolg eingesetz

CANNABIS USE AMONG A SAMPLE OF 16 TO 18 YEAR-OLD STUDENTS IN SWITZERLAND

Background: The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of cannabis use among Swiss students and to assess their attitudes regarding health and safety issues associated with drug use. Subjects and methods: After a workshop, 173 students (23.1% male, 75.7% female; 44.4% age 16, 43.8% age 17 and 11.8% age 18) from a Swiss school were surveyed by questionnaire. Results: 59.3% (n=103) of all participants had tried cannabis, and 30.1% of those who reported cannabis use had consumed more than 100 joints. Of those 103 students with cannabis experience, 6.8% rated the risk of cannabis-related psychic effects as low, and 9.8% were not concerned about driving under the influence of cannabis. In cases of heavy cannabis use, the chance of increased tobacco, alcohol or other drug use is higher than for those with less or no cannabis use at all (odds ratios of 4.33-10.86). Conclusions: This paper deals primarily with cannabis prevalence data in adolescents from previous studies and sources, and shows that our findings deviate significantly - and surprisingly - from past research. Our data from a school survey indicates higher cannabis use than data from official drug policy studies. Additionally, our data shows that the students’ self-reported attitudes towards health and safety issues were mostly realistic. The examination of methodological issues that might impact prevalence estimates should be added to the cannabis literature

Affective Learning and Psychophysiological Reactivity in Dementia Patients

We examined the association of faces with biographical information that varied in emotional content in patients with Alzheimer's disease and a healthy control group. During two experimental sessions, participants rated neutral male faces on dimensions of hedonic valence and emotional arousal, later paired with fictitious biographical information. Both groups changed their ratings of the faces according to the biographical content. Free recall and recognition were tested in the second session. Patients neither recalled the biographical information nor recognized the faces, whereas the controls did. In addition, psychophysiological measures were taken in response to the face stimuli. Patients showed significant heart rate modulation as a function of their emotion ratings, whereas the controls did not. No correlation of rating changes with skin conductance was found in any group. Results suggest that psychophysiological reactions such as heart rate changes may indicate preserved affective associative learning in dementia patients despite impaired explicit memory

US-Gewerkschaften und Arbeitsbedingungen

„Management should manage" - das ist noch immer die Devise der meisten amerikanischen Gewerkschaften. In vielen Tarifverträged ist ausdrücklich festgelegt: ,,Dem Unternehmen ist das ausschließliche Recht vorbehalten, die Geschäfte und Anlagen zu führen und den Arbeitseinsatz zu regeln ... Das beinhaltet das Recht, Arbeitskräfte einzustellen oder begründet zu entlassen, an einen anderen Arbeitsplatz zu versetzen und das Recht, Arbeitnehmer wegen Arbeitsmangels oder aus anderen legitimen Gründen von ihren Pflichten zu entbinden" (1). Die Gewerkschaften verstehen ihre Vertretungsaufgabe vorwiegend dahin, möglichst hohe Löhne und Sozialleistungen zu erkämpfen. Hierbei befinden sie sich im Einklang mit der Mehrheit der amerikanischen Arbeiter - nicht unverständlich in einer Zeit sinkender Reallöhne und in einem Land mit ungenügender Sozialgesetzgebung

Implicit learning of affective responses in dementia patients: a face-emotion-association paradigm

The aim of the present study was to develop and evaluate an ecologically valid approach to assess implicit learning of affective responses in dementia patients. We designed a Face-Emotion-Association paradigm (FEA) that allows to quantify the influence of stimuli with positive and negative valence on affective responses. Two pictures of neutral male faces are rated on the dimensions of valence and arousal before and after aversive versus pleasant fictitious biographical information is paired with each of the pictures. At the second measurement time point, memory for pictures and biographical content is tested. The FEA was tested in 21 patients with dementia and 13 healthy controls. Despite severely impaired explicit memory, patients changed valence and arousal ratings according to the biographical content and did not differ in their ratings from the control group. The results demonstrate that our FEA paradigm is a valid instrument to investigate learning of affective responses in dementia patients

Docosahexaenoic acid inhibits Helicobacter pylori growth in vitro and mice gastric mucosa colonization

H. pylori drug-resistant strains and non-compliance to therapy are the major causes of H. pylori eradication failure. For some bacterial species it has been demonstrated that fatty acids have a growth inhibitory effect. Our main aim was to assess the ability of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) to inhibit H. pylori growth both in vitro and in a mouse model. The effectiveness of standard therapy (ST) in combination with DHA on H. pylori eradication and recurrence prevention success was also investigated. The effects of DHA on H. pylori growth were analyzed in an in vitro dose-response study and n in vivo model. We analized the ability of H. pylori to colonize mice gastric mucosa following DHA, ST or a combination of both treatments. Our data demonstrate that DHA decreases H. pylori growth in vitro in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, DHA inhibits H. pylori gastric colonization in vivo as well as decreases mouse gastric mucosa inflammation. Addition of DHA to ST was also associated with lower H. pylori infection recurrence in the mouse model. In conclusion, DHA is an inhibitor of H. pylori growth and its ability to colonize mouse stomach. DHA treatment is also associated with a lower recurrence of H. pylori infection in combination with ST. These observations pave the way to consider DHA as an adjunct agent in H. pylori eradication treatment.publishe

Discutindo a educação ambiental no cotidiano escolar: desenvolvimento de projetos na escola formação inicial e continuada de professores

A presente pesquisa buscou discutir como a Educação Ambiental (EA) vem sendo trabalhada, no Ensino Fundamental e como os docentes desta escola compreendem e vem inserindo a EA no cotidiano escolar., em uma escola estadual do município de Tangará da Serra/MT, Brasil. Para tanto, realizou-se entrevistas com os professores que fazem parte de um projeto interdisciplinar de EA na escola pesquisada. Verificou-se que o projeto da escola não vem conseguindo alcançar os objetivos propostos por: desconhecimento do mesmo, pelos professores; formação deficiente dos professores, não entendimento da EA como processo de ensino-aprendizagem, falta de recursos didáticos, planejamento inadequado das atividades. A partir dessa constatação, procurou-se debater a impossibilidade de tratar do tema fora do trabalho interdisciplinar, bem como, e principalmente, a importância de um estudo mais aprofundado de EA, vinculando teoria e prática, tanto na formação docente, como em projetos escolares, a fim de fugir do tradicional vínculo “EA e ecologia, lixo e horta”.Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educació