Magnitude and direction of HIGH100 peak forces during 9 activities.

<p>High loads HIGH100 from the average subject. Left = frontal plane. Middle = sagittal plane. Right = transverse plane. Vectors of peak forces act from the symbols (different activities) towards the head centre. Red vector = direction during walking. Small red dots = AVER75 peak forces from individual subjects during walking, indicating the inter-individual variation of force directions for the same activity.</p

Peak forces F_res from nine activities.

<p>Coloured lines = individual loads from 10 subjects with normalized BW = 75 kg. Black solid line = average loads AVER75 for BW = 75 kg. Black dashed line = high loads HIGH100 for BW = 100 kg. Factors f₁ and f₂ are shown for the data from standing up; for other activities, they are different. See also <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0155612#pone.0155612.g002" target="_blank">Fig 2</a>.</p

Bending of implant neck and torque around stem.

<p>HIGH100 data at the instance of peak force F_res. M_bn = bending moment at base of neck (<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0155612#pone.0155612.g001" target="_blank">Fig 1</a>) without friction, only caused by F_res. M_ts = torque around stem without friction. M_bs = bending moment in stem without friction. ΔM_bn, ΔM_ts and ΔM_bs = changes due to additionally acting friction moments at head. ISO Neck/Stem = ISO 7206-6/4 test forces.</p

Coordinate system of right femur and implant.

<p>x, y, z = axes of femur coordinate system. x = parallel to posterior contour of condyles. P1 = intersection of neck axis and femoral midline. P2 = middle of intercondylar notch. z = straight femur axis between P1 and P2. Force components F_x, F_y and F_z act in directions x, y and z. Moment components M_x, M_y and M_z turn clockwise around x, y and z. The implant is turned clockwise by angles α_z, α_y and α_x around the femur axes z, y and x. α_z = anteversion of neck (negative). x’, y’, z’ = axes of implant. x_n, y_n, z_n = coordinate system at distal end of implant neck. x_s, y_s, z_s = coordinate system of stem 80 mm below head centre.</p

High100 moments during nine activities.

<p>High loads for a simulated subject with a body weight of 100 kg. Components F_x, F_y and F_z and resultant force F_res.</p