New aspects in nucleon-nucleus collisions and EAS properties around 10(6) GeV

At energies higher than 2 x 10 to the 5 GeV, very little information exists on detailed properties of nucleon-nucleon collision; the rare elements are coming from jets, and, as nondirect improvements from gamma-ray families. The results exhibit some conflicting features, or, at least, very large fluctuations like copious production of gamma-rays in opposition to Centauro-like events, sometimes suggest that phase transition to quark gluon plasma occurs in nucleus-nucleus collisions and even in nucleon-nucleus collision. The multicluster phenomenological model (MPM) extrapolated for extensive air showers EAS simulation up to 5 x 10 to the 6 GeV to put in evidence some significant deviation between experimental data and prediction

Topological aspects of age parameter

The well known NKG function is a very useful tool to describe the lateral extension of the electromagnetic component in Extensive Air Showers (EAS); however, in spite of non-negligible qualities (simplicity, normalization by beta function), it doesn't correspond exactly to the natural shape of the lateral electron distribution. Several bias may occur in size estimation if NKG is used without correction. It is shown that the longitudinal age parameter s sub t can be correlated with the information obtained from the lateral electron densities according to the conditions of use of the NKG function

Population Genetic and Hybridization Studies of Three Bornean Bird Species: Mountain Black-eye (Chlorocharis emiliae), White-rumped Shama (Copsychus malabaricus), and Oriental Magpie-robin (Copsychus saularis)

Mountain Black-eye (Chlorocharis emiliae), Oriental Magpie-Robin (Copsychus saularis) and White-rumped Shama (C. malabaricus) are Bornean passerines with different population dynamics. To determine the effect of these differences on their population structures, I examined mitochondrial DNA sequences and morphological characters of populations within each species in Sarawak and Sabah, Malaysia. Chlorocharis is a white-eye (Zosteropidae), endemic to Borneo, with a unique “sky island” distribution. Molecular and previously obtained morphological data support its traditional division into at least three subspecies. An unexpected result of my comparisons was a marked genetic subdivision between its Sabah and Sarawak populations. C. malabaricus and C. saularis are widespread lowland thrushes (Turdidae). Both are divided into two subspecies on Borneo based on plumage, and these subspecies meet near the Sabah-Sarawak border. My comparisons indicated that C. malabaricus subspecies, for the most part, do not hybridize and can be considered full species, whereas C. saularis subspecies hybridize extensively and should be retained as subspecies. The distinct population characteristics of the three species may be attributed to their different life styles. Chlorocharis occurs mainly on Borneo’s highest peaks, and even during glacial periods when montane forest descended in elevation its populations apparently remained isolated from one another. C. malabaricus is a forest interior species that was divided into two populations in the early Pleistocene. Its populations have only recently come in contact with one another, presumably because of the species’ limited dispersal propensity. C. saularis on the other hand is an open country species. It too was subdivided in the early Pleistocene, but its populations have greater dispersal propensity and may have moved more into rapidly contact with one another than C. malabaricus populations. The most important discovery of this study is that despite different population dynamics and habitats, the three species exhibit the same population subdivision in the vicinity of the Sabah-Sarawak border. In Copsychus, the subdivision may be explained by the withdrawal of populations to rainforest refugia during the Pleistocene. However, no simple explanation exists for Chorocharis, which as a montane species should not be similarly subdivided. It should have expanded, not contracted, during glacial events

The primary cosmic ray mass composition at energies above 10(14) eV

It is shown in this paper that the experimental data on extensive air showers at the energy interval 10 to the 15th power - 10 to the 17th power eV seems to be described best if it is assumed that the Galactic cosmic rays are described by some sort of a two component picture. The first component is of a mixed composition similar to that at lower energies and the second is dominated by protons. Overall spectrum starts to be enriched in protons at energies about 10 to the 15th power eV bu the effective mass of the primaries remains constant up to energies around 10 to the 16th power eV. That results from the fact that composition gradually changes from multi-component to mixture of protons and heavies. That picture receives also some sort of support from recent observations of relatively high number of nergetic protons in JACEE and Concorde experiments

Problems of contemporary poetry publisher and editor — the case of the House of Literature in Lodz

Zamiast przypisów i bibliografii Przy pracy nad tekstem korzystałem z następujących źródeł papierowych i wirtualnych: – Kwartalnik Artystyczno-Literacki „Arterie”, nr 1–23 – książki wydane przez DL i SPP OŁ w latach 2008–2016 (wykaz powyżej) – nieistniejące strony „Arterii” – Google.pl – strona Biblioteki Narodowej, http://www.bn.org.pl – strona Domu Literatury w Łodzi, http://dom-literatury.pl – strona Stowarzyszenia Pisarzy Polskich Oddział w Łodzi, http://www. spplodz.eu – blog Gawin.liberte.pl – Gazeta.pl – Onet.pl – Wp.p

The Effect of Environmental Pollutants on the Spotted Turtle Gut Microbiota

Heavy metals are a common pollutant from many industrial processes. In addition to the various diseases that these pollutants cause, they can also affect the composition and structure of the gut microbiome of many organisms which is in many cases associated with overall organism health. The effect of these pollutants on the gut microbiota of the spotted turtle is unknown. Here we characterize the gut microbiome of the spotted turtle and explore the effect of various environmental pollutants on its composition. We found significant differences in the composition of the gut microbiome based on turtle sampling location (geographic), turtle sampling time (season), and turtle sex as well as many significantly differentially associated taxa for each of those comparisons. Heavy metal analysis revealed much less significant changes and associations. Although this work does not present many significant differences in the gut microbiome based on heavy metal contaminants, it helps characterize the gut microbiome of the spotted turtle and can hopefully be used as a starting point for further work and analysis of the gut microbiome of at-risk reptiles and how it is affected by various environmental pollutants. This will also help provide more concrete evidence and impetus for the importance of ecological rehabilitation and restoration of natural areas, especially those on or near prior or current industrial operations

Exploring a Cognitive Architecture for Learning Arithmetic Equations

The acquisition and performance of arithmetic skills and basic operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division are essential for daily functioning, and reflect complex cognitive processes. This paper explores the cognitive mechanisms powering arithmetic learning, presenting a neurobiologically plausible cognitive architecture that simulates the acquisition of these skills. I implement a number vectorization embedding network and an associative memory model to investigate how an intelligent system can learn and recall arithmetic equations in a manner analogous to the human brain. I perform experiments that provide insights into the generalization capabilities of connectionist models, neurological causes of dyscalculia, and the influence of network architecture on cognitive performance. Through this interdisciplinary investigation, I aim to contribute to ongoing research into the neural correlates of mathematical cognition in intelligent systems.Comment: 16 pages, 6 figures, 2 table

Level and Trend Uncertainties of Kyoto Relevant Greenhouse Gases in Poland

The Kyoto Protocol is often described as a good first step towards reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions into the atmosphere. The Protocol endorses emissions trading, joint implementation including "bubbling" between Annex I Parties, an a clean development mechanism that allows Annex I and non-Annex I Parties to act together to reduce emissions. However, the anticipated permit market will not function if uncertainties are not rigorously assessed and considered in any compliance process. With no reliable verification tool, it is impossible to effectively assess the different mechanisms and activities mentioned under the Protocol. Thus, it is very important to study the uncertainties underlying the Kyoto relevant GHGs, here with reference to Poland, because without the consideration of uncertainty robust verification can not occur. This paper presents information about the data used in the calculations as well as the methods favored by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). The so-called Tier 1 method of the IPCC for the evaluation of uncertainties is described in more detail. This paper also provides a first quantitative overview on the Polish uncertainties of three Kyoto relevant GHGs, namely CO2, CH4, and N2O, for 1988, 1990 and 1999. The main goals of the paper are to present the analytical calculations as well as additional calculations that are carried out to improve the evaluation of uncertainties. Recommendations are presented to reach these goals

An Overview of Modeling Cement Based Materials at Elevated Temperatures with Mechanics of Multi-Phase Porous Media

Application of mechanics of multi-phase porous media for modeling cement based materials at high temperature is presented. The considerations are based on the mathematical model of mechanistic type, developed by the authors within recent years. The model has been previously experimentally validated and successfully applied for analyzing performance of various concrete structures at high temperature. Physical phenomena in a concrete element heated during a fire are described and analyzed, confirming multi-phase nature of concrete in these conditions. Main stages of the mathematical model development by means of hygro-thermo-mechanics of porous media are briefly presented. The mass, energy and linear momentum conservation equations at micro-scale are given and averaged in space to obtain the macroscopic form of the equations. Some main key-points in modeling cement-based materials at high temperature are discussed. Final form of the model equations and method of their numerical solution are presented. The model is validated by comparison with some published results of experimental studies. Two examples of the model application for numerical simulation of concrete structures exposed to fire conditions, including also a cooling phase, are analyzed