Can executive control be influenced by performance feedback? Two experimental studies with younger and older adults

Executive control describes a wide range of cognitive processes which are critical for the goal-directed regulation of stimulus processing and action regulation. Previous studies have shown that executive control performance declines with age but yet, it is still not clear whether different internal and external factors—as performance feedback and age—influence these cognitive processes and how they might interact with each other. Therefore, we investigated feedback effects in the flanker task in young as well as in older adults in two experiments. Performance feedback significantly improved executive performance in younger adults at the expense of errors. In older adults, feedback also led to higher error rates, but had no significant effect on executive performance which might be due to stronger interference. Results indicate that executive functions can be positively influenced by performance feedback in younger adults, but not necessarily in older adults

Influence of Cue Exposure on Inhibitory Control and Brain Activation in Patients with Alcohol Dependence

Alcohol dependence is a serious condition characterized by persistent desires to drink and unsuccessful efforts to control alcohol consumption despite the knowledge of dysfunction through the usage. The study at hand examined the influence of an alcohol exposure on inhibitory processes. Research provides evidence that trying to resist the temptation to drink exerts self-control, a limited resource which is used during all acts of inhibition. In line with this, studies demonstrate an impaired ability to regulate an already initiated response in alcohol-dependent and healthy subjects when confronted with alcohol-related stimuli. The related neuronal correlates in alcohol-dependent patients remain to be elucidated. The inhibition performance of 11 male alcohol-dependent patients during an alcohol exposure was compared with the task performance during a control condition. Behavioral data and neural brain activation during task performance were acquired by means of functional magnetic resonance imaging. The alcohol cue exposure led to subjectively stronger urges to drink which was accompanied by differential neural activation in amygdala and hippocampus. Moreover, the results revealed typical neural activation during inhibition performance across both conditions. Anyhow, we could not detect any behavioral deficits and only subtle neural differences between induction conditions during the performance of the inhibition task within the inferior frontal cortex. The results suggest that although the sample reports a subjectively stronger urge to drink after the alcohol cue exposure this effect was not strong enough to significantly impair task performance. Coherently, we discover only subtle differential brain activation between conditions during the inhibition task. In opposition to findings in literature our data do not reveal that an exposure to alcohol-related cues and thereby elicited cue reactivity results in impaired inhibition abilities

Разработка технологии изготовления стакана

Деталь – стакан изготовлена из стали 12X18H9T ГОСТ18907-73, которая легко поддается резанию, при этом позволяет получить хорошее качество обработки. В качестве заготовки для данной детали применяем пруток горячекатаный круглый ?80 мм ГОСТ 2590-2006.Detail - the Cup parts is made of steel 12X18H9T GOST18907-73, which is easy to cut, and allows you to get a good quality of processing. As a workpiece for this part, we use hot-rolled round bars ?80 m

Влияние способа обработки поверхности на сорбцию водорода титановым сплавом ВТ1-0

Объектом исследований являлся титановый сплав ВТ1-0 с различным состоянием поверхности. С помощью автоматизированного комплекса Gas Reaction Controller LP было определено влияние состояния поверхности на взаимодействие водорода с титановым сплавом. Из полученных значений скоростей сорбции сравнивается влияние воздействия водорода на титановый сплав. Целью работы является изучение влияния способа обработки поверхности титанового сплава ВТ1-0 на скорость сорбции водорода.The object of investigation was a titanium alloy VT1-0 with different surface states. The influence of the surface state on the interaction of hydrogen with a titanium alloy was determined with the help of the Gas Reaction Controller LP automated complex. The influence of the action of hydrogen on the titanium alloy is compared from the obtained values of sorption rates,. The aim of this work is to study the influence of the method for treating the surface of a titanium alloy VT1-0 on the rate of hydrogen sorption

Совершенствование программы формирования кадрового резерва на предприятии нефтегазовой отрасли

Объектом исследования является: Система кадрового резерва АО "Томскнефть" ВНК. Цель работы – Совершенстование системы кадрового резерва АО "Томскнефть" ВНК. В результате исследования: предложены рекомендации по совершенствованию системы кадрового резерва АО "Томскнефть" ВНК. Экономическая эффективность состоит в том, что развитие кадрового резерва позволит повысить эффективность трудовых ресурсов и, следовательно, приведет к росту технико-экономических показателей компании.Object of study is: The system of personnel reserve of JSC "Tomskneft" VNK. Purpose of work - Improving the system of personnel reserve of JSC “Tomskneft” VNK. As a result of the study: recommendations are proposed for improving the personnel reserve system of JSC Tomskneft VNK. Economic efficiency consists in the fact that the development of the personnel reserve will increase the efficiency of labor resources and, consequently, will lead to an increase in the technical and economic indicators of the company