Ler no ecrã: contributo para uma reflexão sobre estratégias de ensino da leitura na aula de Português

Resumo: A Escola assume, hoje, um papel cada vez mais ativo na formação dos (ciber)leitores, sendo chamada a reconfigurar um conjunto pré-existente de práticas em literacia onde predomina o texto impresso para um universo digital complexo, no qual o ecrã tem primazia. Assim, neste artigo procuraremos: (1) reforçar o modo como novas práticas em literacia emergem em permanência na nossa sociedade, repercutindo-se no percurso dos leitores em formação; (2) apontar para o modo como a leitura no ecrã de textos diversificados influencia a compreensão leitora, daí retirando ilações no que concerne à construção do percurso do leitor; (3) caracterizar a forma como a leitura online requer o desenvolvimento de um conjunto amplo de estratégias por parte do leitor, para que possa usufruir plenamente do prazer de ler em contexto escolar e extra-escolar. Finalmente, reflectimos criticamente sobre os desafios colocados hoje à Escola, relativamente à implementação e consolidação de percursos de leitura que estejam na base do exercício hodierno da cidadania

Síndrome PFAPA: um relato de caso na atenção primária do Distrito Federal: PFAPA syndrome: a case report in primary care in Federal District

A síndrome PFAPA é caracterizada por episódios recorrentes de febre alta, acompanhada de estomatite aftosa, faringite e adenite cervical, sendo uma das causas mais comuns de febre periódica na infância. O diagnóstico é clínico e de exclusão. O objetivo do nosso estudo é relatar o caso clínico de uma paciente com síndrome PFAPA na atenção primária

Saneamento básico: meio ambiente e dignidade humana

Resumo: O presente artigo busca aproximar as práticas de saneamento básico das questões ambientais da dignidade humana. Primeiramente são apresentadas críticas ao sistema de saneamento básico brasileiro do ponto de vista técnico da Engenharia Civil. Em seguida, os impactos ambientais causados pela ausência de saneamento. Por fim, o vínculo entre saneamento e dignidade humana.Palavras-chave: saneamento básico; preservação ambiental; água; esgoto; dignidade humana. Abstract: This article seeks to approximate the sanitation practices of environmental issues and human dignity. First, are given criticism of the Brazilian sanitation system from a technical point of view of Civil Engineering. Then, the environmental impacts caused by the absence of sanitation. Finally, the link between sanitation and human dignity.Keywords: basic sanitation; environment preservation; water; sewer; human dignity

A imunomarcação positiva para c-kit está associada com a presença de células análogas às intersticiais de Cajal no músculo ciliar?

PURPOSE: Interstitial cells of Cajal were identified in the gastrointestinal tract of several species, with close relation to the enteric nervous system. Since it was recognized that interstitial cells of Cajal express the gene product of c-kit, we performed immunohistochemistry for c-kit protein in ciliary muscle specimens of monkeys' eyes. METHODS: Eight eyes from four adult male new world monkeys (Cebus apella) were studied. After blocking endogenous peroxidase activity and nonspecific protein binding, 1:100 dilution of mouse monoclonal antibody against c-kit human oncoprotein was applied to tissues. Antigen-antibody reaction was visualized using the avidin-biotinylated horseradish peroxidase complex in each slide. RESULTS: We observed some groups of fusiform c-kit expressing cells located amongst muscle bundles of the ciliary muscle. Other pigment cells and mast cells were also observed. CONCLUSION: C-kit expressing cells observed in the ciliary muscle of Cebus apella, showed no similarity to melanocytes or mast cells and they could be associated with their gastrointestinal interstitial cells of Cajal counterpart.OBJETIVO: As células intersticiais de Cajal estão presentes no trato gastrintestinal de diversas espécies animais, em íntima relação com o sistema nervoso entérico. Uma vez que as células intersticiais de Cajal expressam o produto do gene c-kit, realizou-se um ensaio imuno-histoquímico a fim de se verificar a marcação da proteína c-kit no músculo ciliar de amostras de olhos de macacos. MÉTODOS: Oito olhos de quatro macacos do novo mundo (Cebus apella) foram estudados. Após bloqueio da peroxidase endógena e de ligação protéica não específica, os tecidos receberam aplicação de anticorpos de camundongos antioncoproteína c-kit humana (1:100). A reação antígeno-anticorpo foi verificada através da aplicação do complexo avidina-biotinilada-peroxidase em cada lâmina. RESULTADOS: Foram observados grupos de células que expressam c-kit, localizadas entre as fibras do músculo ciliar. Mastócitos e outras células pigmentadas também foram observadas. CONCLUSÃO: Algumas células que expressam c-kit, observadas no músculo ciliar de Cebus apella, não mostraram similaridade com mastócitos ou melanócitos e podem ser classificadas como análogas das células intersticiais de Cajal gastrintestinais.Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES)FAPES

AVALIAÇÃO GEOQUÍMICA DA CONCENTRAÇÃO DE Fe, Cr, Pb, Zn, Cu E Mn NO SEDIMENTO ESTUARINO DO RIO JACUÍPE, BAHIA

Este trabalho teve o objetivo de avaliar as concentrações de Fe, Cr, Pb, Zn, Cu e Mn no sedimento estuarino do rio Jacuípe, Bahia. Região receptora de fontes potencialmente poluidoras, oriundas de um dos maiores complexos industriais do Brasil, que durante alguns anos lançou seus resíduos nas águas do rio. Para uma avaliação do sedimento foram escolhidos cinco pontos de amostragem, obtendo-se testemunhos de 40 cm de comprimento, fatiados na ordem de 0-10, 10-20, 20-35 cm. Além da quantificação dos metais foram feitas análises de nitrogênio total e carbono orgânico, ao qual demonstrou uma variação nos pontos com aumento da profundidade, já o nitrogênio não apresentou uma variação significativa. Para os metais observou-se uma variação de seus teores ao longo do tempo de deposição, em especial para o ponto P3. Sendo assim, faz-se necessário um estudo mais detalhado do comportamento dos metais em frações mais profundas

In Vivo Detection of External Apical Root Resorption Induced by Apical Periodontitis Using Periapical Radiography and Cone-Beam Computed Tomography

Objective: To compare the accuracy of periapical radiography (PR) and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) for the detection of external apical root resorption (EARR) due to root canal contamination. Material and Methods: Dog’s teeth with experimentally induced root resorption due to root canal contamination underwent or not root canal treatment (n=62). True positives (TP), false positives (FP), true negatives (TN), and false negatives (FN) in PR and CBCT diagnoses were determined using histopathologic findings as the gold standard. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and diagnostic accuracy (TP + TN) in the diagnosis of EARR were calculated. Data were compared using chi-squared test (⍺=0.05). Results: EARR was detected in 35% of roots by PR, in 47% by CBCT, and in 50% of the roots by microscopy (p=0.03 PR versus microscopy; p=0.67 CBCT versusmicroscopy). Overall, CBCT produced more accurate diagnoses than PR (p=0.008). PR and CBCT allowed the identification of large resorption in 100% of the cases and showed the same accuracy. However, for small resorptions, PR showed an accuracy of 0.83, whereas CBCT showed an accuracy of 0.96 (p=0.003). Conclusion: Cone-beam computed tomography showed higher accuracy in detecting external apical root resorption of endodontic origin

Use of Images and Clinical Experience to Calibrate Dental Surgeons for the Diagnosis of Molar Incisor Hypomineralization

Objective: To evaluate an imaging protocol for use as a diagnostic and calibration tool for dentists before and after practical activity. Material and Methods: Thirty photos of children\u27s teeth with or without changes in dental enamel were selected and evaluated by a group of experienced dentists previously calibrated to establish the diagnosis defined as the gold standard. After instructions, the images were shown to a group of postgraduate dentists for free identification of dental changes. Subsequently, a lecture on molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) was carried out, and, at 14 days and all calibration was performed using the criteria previously. The retest was performed at 28 days. After experience in clinical activity in the following two weeks, the post-test was performed at 49 days.  Data were analyzed using Cohen\u27s kappa coefficient. Results: Theoretical learning on the subject showed low inter-examiner agreement when the diagnosis of defects was made from images obtained from intraoral photographs. After clinical practice, there was greater intra-examiner agreement.  After theoretical training, dentists started to identify different types of enamel alteration, although with low agreement between them. Conclusion: Clinical experience in theoretical and imaging training favored the identification of defects. However, it is necessary to improve the protocol to establish a reliable and viable diagnostic method for calibration in MIH

Visual Inspection and Toothbrush Care: A Mother-Baby Paired Cross-Sectional Study

Objective: To evaluate the physical conditions and presence of residues of toothbrushes used by mothers and their babies and mothers' knowledge about toothbrush care. Material and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study comprising a convenience sample represented by 60 mother-baby pairs. The mothers answered a questionnaire to evaluate their knowledge of toothbrush care. A calibrated dentist performed a visual inspection of the toothbrushes. Statistical analysis was performed using the chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests, with a significance level of 5%. Results: It was found that 82% of the mothers had never received instructions regarding the care of toothbrushes after use (p=0.024). Most of them believed that their toothbrushes (70%) and their children’s toothbrushes (88%) were in good condition to use (p=0.043). However, most mother’s toothbrushes presented an unacceptable deformity of the bristles (65%) and the presence of residues (60%). In addition, babies’ toothbrushes also presented unacceptable deformities of the bristles (52%) and residues (55%). There was an association between the lack of instructions received by the mother and the presence of deformity and residues on the mother’s toothbrush bristles (p=0.037 and p=0.003, respectively). Conclusion: Most mothers had never received instructions regarding toothbrush care, which is reflected in the condition of their and their baby’s toothbrushes, which presented unacceptable physical conditions concerning deformation and presence of residues

Cytotoxicity and cytokine expression induced by silorane and methacrylate-based composite resins

The successful use of composite resins in Dentistry depends on physicochemical properties, but also on the biological compatibility of resins, because of the close association between pulp and dentin. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate cytotoxicity and cytokine production induced by light-cured or non-light-cured methacrylate-based and silorane composite resins in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Material and Methods Cells were stimulated with the extracts from light-cured or non-light-cured composite resins. After incubation for 24 h, cytotoxicity was assessed with the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assays, and total protein was quantified using the Lowry method. TNF-α detection was examined with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) conducted with cell supernatants after cell stimulation for 6, 12, and 24 h. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s post hoc test (α=0.05). Results KaloreTM and FiltekTM Silorane were cytotoxic with or without light curing (