Diversificação e evolução das exportações brasileiras de milho.

Trabalho publicado também no 7º Seminário de Iniciação Científica PIBIC/BIC Júnior, 2014, Sete Lagoas

Chiral fermions and torsion in the early Universe

Torsion arising from fermionic matter in the Einstein-Cartan formulation of general relativity is considered in the context of Robertson-Walker geometries and the early Universe. An ambiguity in the way torsion arising from hot fermionic matter in chiral models should be implemented is highlighted and discussed. In one interpretation, chemical potentials in chiral models can contribute to the Friedmann equation and give a negative contribution to the energy density.Comment: 5 pages revtex4; error in v1 corrected

Behavioral responses of Diaphorina citri to host plant volatiles in multiple-choice olfactometers are affected in interpretable ways by effects of background colors and airflows

[EN] In several phytophagous hemipterans, behavior appears to be mediated by both visual and chemical cues. For the Asian citrus psyllid (ACP)Diaphorina citri(Hemiptera: Liviidae), olfactometric assays are generally difficult to interpret owing to the low proportion of individuals responding to odors (similar to 30-40%), which compromises the efficiency and reliability of the results of behavioral tests. In the present study, the ACP behavioral response to emitted odors from sweet orange (Citrus sinensisL. Osbeck) flushes in a 4-arm olfactometer using different colors (four white-, two white- and two yellow- on opposite sides, or four yellow-colored fields), and the role of the airflow in the concentration of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were assessed at two airflows [0.4 and 0.1 L/min (LPM)]. Exposure to 'Pera' sweet orange or clean air in treatments with four yellow-colored-fields increased the response rate of ACP females to the odor sources compared with exposure to 'Pera' sweet orange or clean air in treatments with four white-colored-fields, independently of the odor source and airflow tested. For the assays using two white- and two yellow-colored fields on opposite sides and 0.4 or 0.1 LPM airflow, the residence time of ACP females to odors ('Pera' sweet orange or clean air) was similar or higher in treatments using yellow- than those using white-colored fields. For both assays (VOCs and olfactometric behavioral parameters), the reduction in airflow from 0.4 to 0.1 LPM greatly changed the airborne concentration and ACP behavior. Quantitative chemical analyses revelead that the concentration of most compounds emitted by 'Pera' sweet orange flushes for the headspace using 0.1 LPM airflow were greater than the concentrations measured using 0.4 LPM airflow. Therefore, this treatment design provides an useful tool to assess the ACP behavioral response to the odors from citrus plants, and it can also help in the discrimination of dose-response screenings for VOCs or conspecific insects.Financial support was provided by Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) 2015/07011-3 and 2017/21460-0. The authors thank Dr. Aquidauana Miqueloto Zanardi for her help in measuring the color spaces of the white and yellow reflective papers used to change the device color.Volpe, H.; Zanardi, O.; Magnani, R.; Luvizotto, R.; Esperança, V.; De Freitas, R.; Delfino, J.... (2020). Behavioral responses of Diaphorina citri to host plant volatiles in multiple-choice olfactometers are affected in interpretable ways by effects of background colors and airflows. PLoS ONE. 15(7):1-17. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0235630S117157Grafton-Cardwell, E. E., Stelinski, L. L., & Stansly, P. A. (2013). Biology and Management of Asian Citrus Psyllid, Vector of the Huanglongbing Pathogens. Annual Review of Entomology, 58(1), 413-432. doi:10.1146/annurev-ento-120811-153542Tiwari, S., Mann, R. S., Rogers, M. E., & Stelinski, L. L. (2011). Insecticide resistance in field populations of Asian citrus psyllid in Florida. Pest Management Science, 67(10), 1258-1268. doi:10.1002/ps.2181Zanardi, O. Z., Bordini, G. P., Franco, A. A., de Morais, M. R., & Yamamoto, P. T. (2018). Spraying pyrethroid and neonicotinoid insecticides can induce outbreaks of Panonychus citri (Trombidiformes: Tetranychidae) in citrus groves. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 76(3), 339-354. doi:10.1007/s10493-018-0316-1Stockton, D. G., Martini, X., Patt, J. M., & Stelinski, L. L. (2016). The Influence of Learning on Host Plant Preference in a Significant Phytopathogen Vector, Diaphorina citri. PLOS ONE, 11(3), e0149815. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0149815Knolhoff, L. M., & Heckel, D. G. (2014). Behavioral Assays for Studies of Host Plant Choice and Adaptation in Herbivorous Insects. Annual Review of Entomology, 59(1), 263-278. doi:10.1146/annurev-ento-011613-161945Döring, T. F., & Chittka, L. (2007). Visual ecology of aphids—a critical review on the role of colours in host finding. Arthropod-Plant Interactions, 1(1), 3-16. doi:10.1007/s11829-006-9000-1NISSINEN, A., KRISTOFFERSEN, L., & ANDERBRANT, O. (2008). Physiological state of female and light intensity affect the host-plant selection of carrot psyllid, Trioza apicalis (Hemiptera: Triozidae). European Journal of Entomology, 105(2), 227-232. doi:10.14411/eje.2008.032MOUND, L. A. (1962). STUDIES ON THE OLFACTION AND COLOUR SENSITIVITY OF BEMISIA TABACI (GENN.) (HOMOPTERA, ALEYRODIDAE). Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 5(2), 99-104. doi:10.1111/j.1570-7458.1962.tb00571.xAntignus, Y., Mor, N., Ben Joseph, R., Lapidot, M., & Cohen, S. (1996). Ultraviolet-Absorbing Plastic Sheets Protect Crops from Insect Pests and from Virus Diseases Vectored by Insects. Environmental Entomology, 25(5), 919-924. doi:10.1093/ee/25.5.919Hall, D. G., Sétamou, M., & Mizell, R. F. (2010). A comparison of sticky traps for monitoring Asian citrus psyllid (Diaphorina citri Kuwayama). Crop Protection, 29(11), 1341-1346. doi:10.1016/j.cropro.2010.06.003Godfrey, K. E., Galindo, C., Patt, J. M., & Luque-Williams, M. (2013). Evaluation of Color and Scent Attractants Used to Trap and Detect Asian Ctirus Psyllid (Hemiptera: Liviidae) in Urban Environments. Florida Entomologist, 96(4), 1406-1416. doi:10.1653/024.096.0420Sétamou, M., Sanchez, A., Saldaña, R. R., Patt, J. M., & Summy, R. (2014). Visual Responses of Adult Asian Citrus Psyllid (Hemiptera: Liviidae) to Colored Sticky Traps on Citrus Trees. Journal of Insect Behavior, 27(4), 540-553. doi:10.1007/s10905-014-9448-2Miranda, M. P., Dos Santos, F. L., Felippe, M. R., Moreno, A., & Fereres, A. (2015). Effect of UV-Blocking Plastic Films on Take-Off and Host Plant Finding Ability of Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 108(1), 245-251. doi:10.1093/jee/tou036Paris, T. M., Croxton, S. D., Stansly, P. A., & Allan, S. A. (2015). Temporal response and attraction ofDiaphorina citrito visual stimuli. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 155(2), 137-147. doi:10.1111/eea.12294Patt, J. M., & Sétamou, M. (2010). Responses of the Asian Citrus Psyllid to Volatiles Emitted by the Flushing Shoots of Its Rutaceous Host Plants. Environmental Entomology, 39(2), 618-624. doi:10.1603/en09216Amorós, M. E., Pereira das Neves, V., Rivas, F., Buenahora, J., Martini, X., Stelinski, L. L., & Rossini, C. (2018). Response of Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae) to volatiles characteristic of preferred citrus hosts. Arthropod-Plant Interactions, 13(3), 367-374. doi:10.1007/s11829-018-9651-8George, J., Shi, Q., Stelinski, L. L., Stover, E., & Lapointe, S. L. (2019). Host Selection, Oviposition and Feeding by a Phytopathogen Vector, Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae), Modulated by Plant Exposure to Formic Acid. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, 7. doi:10.3389/fevo.2019.00078Pettersson, J. (1970). An Aphid Sex Attractant. Insect Systematics & Evolution, 1(1), 63-73. doi:10.1163/187631270x00357VET, L. E. M., LENTEREN, J. C. V., HEYMANS, M., & MEELIS, E. (1983). An airflow olfactometer for measuring olfactory responses of hymenopterous parasitoids and other small insects. Physiological Entomology, 8(1), 97-106. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3032.1983.tb00338.xWenninger, E. J., Stelinski, L. L., & Hall, D. G. (2009). Roles of Olfactory Cues, Visual Cues, and Mating Status in Orientation of Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) to Four Different Host Plants. Environmental Entomology, 38(1), 225-234. doi:10.1603/022.038.0128Onagbola, E. O., Rouseff, R. L., Smoot, J. M., & Stelinski, L. L. (2010). Guava leaf volatiles and dimethyl disulphide inhibit response of Diaphorina citri Kuwayama to host plant volatiles. Journal of Applied Entomology, 135(6), 404-414. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0418.2010.01565.xAlquézar, B., Volpe, H. X. L., Magnani, R. F., de Miranda, M. P., Santos, M. A., Wulff, N. A., … Peña, L. (2017). β-caryophyllene emitted from a transgenic Arabidopsis or chemical dispenser repels Diaphorina citri, vector of Candidatus Liberibacters. Scientific Reports, 7(1). doi:10.1038/s41598-017-06119-wTomaseto, A. F., Miranda, M. P., Moral, R. A., de Lara, I. A. R., Fereres, A., & Lopes, J. R. S. (2017). Environmental conditions for Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae) take-off. Journal of Applied Entomology, 142(1-2), 104-113. doi:10.1111/jen.12418Wenninger, E. J., & Hall, D. G. (2007). Daily Timing of Mating and Age at Reproductive Maturity in Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Psyllidae). Florida Entomologist, 90(4), 715-722. doi:10.1653/0015-4040(2007)90[715:dtomaa]2.0.co;2Shapiro, S. S., & Wilk, M. B. (1965). An Analysis of Variance Test for Normality (Complete Samples). Biometrika, 52(3/4), 591. doi:10.2307/2333709Nelder, J. A., & Wedderburn, R. W. M. (1972). Generalized Linear Models. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series A (General), 135(3), 370. doi:10.2307/2344614Wilcoxon, F. (1945). Individual Comparisons by Ranking Methods. Biometrics Bulletin, 1(6), 80. doi:10.2307/3001968Patt, J. M., Meikle, W. G., Mafra-Neto, A., Sétamou, M., Mangan, R., Yang, C., … Adamczyk, J. J. (2011). Multimodal Cues Drive Host-Plant Assessment in Asian Citrus Psyllid (Diaphorina citri). Environmental Entomology, 40(6), 1494-1502. doi:10.1603/en11149Todd, J. W., Kays, S. J., & Kays, S. E. (1977). A precision low-flow-rate air delivery system for use with olfactometers. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 3(5), 519-525. doi:10.1007/bf00989073Bruce, T. J. A., Wadhams, L. J., & Woodcock, C. M. (2005). Insect host location: a volatile situation. Trends in Plant Science, 10(6), 269-274. doi:10.1016/j.tplants.2005.04.003Bruce, T. J. A., & Pickett, J. A. (2011). Perception of plant volatile blends by herbivorous insects – Finding the right mix. Phytochemistry, 72(13), 1605-1611. doi:10.1016/j.phytochem.2011.04.01

Avaliação da capacidade preditiva de metodologias de seleção genômica ampla em diferentes cenários simulados de arquiteturas genômicas.

Foram simulados 35000 SNPs e 19996 animais, de acordo com duas arquiteturas genômicas distintas, com o objetivo de avaliar a apacidade preditiva de diversas metodologias de seleção genômica ampla. Em um cenário de arquitetura genômica homogênea, as acurácias variaram de 0.57 a 0.66. Em geral, as metodologias exibiram resultados semelhantes, indicando que, para características poligênicas, é possível escolher metodologias que são mais fáceis de implantar e são mais eficientes. Para a característica sob uma arquitetura genômica heterogênea, as acurácias variaram de 0.67 a 0.91. As metodologias bayesianas apresentaram as maiores acurácias nesse cenário heterogêneo e são, provavelmente, a melhor opção para a avaliação genômica de características controladas por poucos genes. A decisão sobre que metodologia de seleção genômica ampla implantar, em um programa de melhoramento, deve ser baseada no conhecimento a priori sobre a arquitetura genômica da característica de interesse

Spectroscopy of planetary nebulae in M33

Spectroscopic observations of 48 emission-line objects of M33 have been obtained with the multi-object, wide field, fibre spectrograph AF2/WYFFOS at the 4.2m WHT telescope (La Palma, Spain). Line intensities and logarithmic extinction, cbeta, are presented for 42 objects. Their location in the Sabbadin & D'Odorico diagnostic diagram (Halpha/[SII] vs Hlapha/[NII]) suggests that >70% of the candidates are Planetary Nebulae (PNe). Chemical abundances and nebular physical parameters have been derived for the three of the six PNe where the 4363A [OIII] emission line was measurable. These are disc PNe, located within a galactocentric distance of 4.1 kpc, and, to date, they are the farthest PNe with a direct chemical abundance determination. No discrepancy in the Helium, Oxygen and Argon abundances has been found in comparison with corresponding abundances of PNe in our Galaxy. Only a lower limit to the sulphur abundance has been obtained since we could not detect any [SIII] line. N/H appears to be lower than the Galactic value; some possible explanations for this under-abundance are discussed.Comment: 18 pages, 1 JPEG figure and 3 Postscript figures, Accepted for publication in A&

Fitting Neutrino Physics with a U(1)_R Lepton Number

We study neutrino physics in the context of a supersymmetric model where a continuous R-symmetry is identified with the total Lepton Number and one sneutrino can thus play the role of the down type Higgs. We show that R-breaking effects communicated to the visible sector by Anomaly Mediation can reproduce neutrino masses and mixing solely via radiative contributions, without requiring any additional degree of freedom. In particular, a relatively large reactor angle (as recently observed by the Daya Bay collaboration) can be accommodated in ample regions of the parameter space. On the contrary, if the R-breaking is communicated to the visible sector by gravitational effects at the Planck scale, additional particles are necessary to accommodate neutrino data.Comment: 19 pages, 3 figures; v2: references added, constraints updated, overall conclusions unchange