Utilidad de los marcadores biológicos en la enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal

Tesis doctoral inédita, leída en la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Medicina. Fecha de lectura: 3 de Abril de 201

Patrimonio territorial y procesos de patrimonialización en torno al sector remolachero-azucarero: La Vega de Granada como referente, el Duero medio como aspiración

La Vega de Granada es un espacio agrario multifuncional de enorme valor productivo, histórico y patrimonial, que en las últimas décadas ha sufrido los efectos de una feroz expansión urbana. Frente a las adversidades, sus ciudadanos se han organizado en plataformas como “Salvemos la Vega” que luchan por la defensa del territorio, y piden que la comarca sea declarada Bien de Interés Cultural como Zona Patrimonial. Conscientes del esfuerzo que están realizando sus ciudadanos, y con el objetivo puesto en tratar de contribuir a los procesos de patrimonialización territorial, revisamos en qué estado se encuentra actualmente la catalogación del patrimonio agroindustrial que generó la remolacha azucarera en la comarca, y establecemos una comparación con un espacio de producción y transporte semejante en Castilla y León. La selección de ambos espacios, se justifica a partir de la presencia en el territorio de tres elementos clave en torno a los que se articulaba la industria de la remolacha: los cultivos regados, la vía de ferrocarril y la fábrica. La hipótesis de partida es que Castilla y León mantiene importantes carencias en materia de protección del patrimonio agroindustrial de la remolacha azucarera, especialmente si lo comparamos con el tratamiento que recibe en Andalucía.Vega de Granada is a multifunctional agricultural area of enormous productive, historical and heritage value. During the last decades, it has been negatively affected by the effects of ferocious urban expansion. As a response, its citizens have organised themselves into platforms that fight for the defence of the territory, such as Salvemos la Vega, and are calling for the region to be declared an Asset of Cultural Interest as a Heritage Area. In this paper, we aim to contribute to the processes of territorial patrimonialisation. We'll review the current state of the cataloguing of the agro-industrial heritage generated by sugar beet in the region, and we'll make a comparison with a similar production and transport area in Castilla y León to establish the different treatment given to a similar heritage environment in another community. Sugar beet industry in both these areas is articulated around three driving forces: irrigated farmlands, railways and factories. The starting hypothesis is that Castilla y León still lacks significant protection of the agro-industrial heritage of the sugar beet industry, especially if we compare it with the treatment it receives in Andalusia.Departamento de GeografíaGrado en Geografía y Planificación Territoria

Análisis de repetibilidad en videogrametría para la evaluación de la deformación craneal en niños

[EN] Cranial deformation affects a large number of infants. The methodologies commonly employed to measure the deformation include, among others, calliper measurements and visual assessment for mild cases and radiological imaging for severe cases, where surgical intervention is considered. Visual assessment and calliper measurements usually lack the required level of accuracy to evaluate the deformation. Radiological imaging, including Computed Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), are costly and highly invasive. The use of smartphones to record videos that can be used for three-dimensional (3D) modelling of the head has emerged as a low-cost, noninvasive methodology to extract 3D information of the patient. To be able to analyse the deformation, a novel technique is employed: the obtained model is compared with an ideal head. In this study we have tested the repeatability of the process. For this purpose, several models of two patients have been obtained and the differences between them are evaluated. The results show that the differences in the ellipsoid semiaxis for the same patient are usually below 4 mm, although they increase up to 6.4 mm in some cases. The variability in the distances to the ideal head, which are the values used to evaluate deformity, reaches a maximum value of 2.7 mm. The errors obtained are comparable to those of classical measurement techniques and show the potential of the methodology in development.[ES] La deformación craneal afecta a un elevado porcentaje de lactantes, a pesar de esto, no existen estándares para su medición. Existen diversas metodologías empleadas para el análisis de este tipo de deformación, que van desde el análisis visual o la medición con calibre en casos leves, a pruebas radiológicas en casos más graves, en los que se plantea la posibilidad de una intervención quirúrgica. El análisis visual y la medición con calibre a menudo carecen de la precisión requerida para evaluar la deformación, mientras que las pruebas radiológicas (Tomografía Axial Computarizada, TAC, o Resonancia Magnética, RM) son altamente invasivas y tienen un alto coste. Otras soluciones como la fotografía tridimensional (3D) incluyen complejos sistemas de varias cámaras, lo que también supone un coste elevado. La posibilidad de utilizar videos tomados con teléfonos inteligentes para la creación de modelos 3D craneales se ha convertido en una posibilidad para obtener información 3D del paciente de forma precisa y con un coste bajo. Para analizar la deformación se ha planteado una metodología que consiste en calcular las distancias entre el modelo generado y una forma craneal ideal. En este estudio se ha llevado a cabo el análisis de la repetibilidad del proceso de obtención del modelo y de la cabeza ideal ajustada, para ello se han obtenido varios modelos 3D de dos pacientes y se han evaluado las diferencias entre ellos. Los resultados muestran unas diferencias en los semiejes de los elipsoides de aproximadamente 4 mm, aunque este error llega a incrementarse hasta 6.4 mm en algunos casos. La variabilidad en las distancias del modelo a la cabeza ideal, empleadas para medir la deformidad tienen un máximo de 2.7 mm. Las precisiones obtenidas con esta metodología son comparables a las obtenidas mediante técnicas de análisis tradicionales y muestran el potencial de la metodología en desarrollo.This work was supported by Subprogram C (No. C10) for the development of coordinated actions between the UPV and the IIS La Fe.Barbero García, I.; Lerma García, JL.; Marqués Mateu, Á.; Miranda, P. (2017). Analysis of repeatability on videogrammetry for infants' cranial deformation. En Primer Congreso en Ingeniería Geomática. Libro de actas. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 15-19. https://doi.org/10.4995/CIGeo2017.2017.6604OCS151

Identifying the Factors behind Climate Diversification and Refugial Capacity in Mountain Landscapes: The Key Role of Forests

Recent studies have shown the importance of small-scale climate diversification and climate microrefugia for organisms to escape or suffer less from the impact of current climate change. These situations are common in topographically complex terrains like mountains, where many climate-forcing factors vary at a fine spatial resolution. We investigated this effect in a high roughness area of a southern European range (the Pyrenees), with the aid of a network of miniaturized temperature and relative humidity sensors distributed across 2100 m of elevation difference. We modeled the minimum (Tn) and maximum (Tx) temperatures above- and below-ground, and maximum vapor pressure deficit (VPDmax), as a function of several topographic and vegetation variables derived from ALS-LiDAR data and Landsat series. Microclimatic models had a good fit, working better in soil than in air, and for Tn than for Tx. Topographic variables (including elevation) had a larger effect on above-ground Tn, and vegetation variables on Tx. Forest canopy had a significant effect not only on the spatial diversity of microclimatic metrics but also on their refugial capacity, either stabilizing thermal ranges or offsetting free-air extreme temperatures and VPDmax. Our integrative approach provided an overview of microclimatic differences between air and soil, forests and open areas, and highlighted the importance of preserving and managing forests to mitigate the impacts of climate change on biodiversity. Remote-sensing can provide essential tools to detect areas that accumulate different factors extensively promoting refugial capacity, which should be prioritized based on their high resilience

Smartphone-based video for 3D modelling: Application to infants cranial deformation analysis

[EN] The use of smartphones cameras for photogrammetric purposes is increasing. However, the suitability of smartphones for 3D modelling for medical purposes in general, and for cranial deformation in particular, is still to be analysed. This paper investigates the suitability of smartphone video cameras to create 3D models for cranial deformation analysis compared to the digital single-lens reflex (SLR) cameras traditionally used in close-range photogrammetry. Two models are obtained, the first one from a slow-motion video recorded with a smartphone, and the second one from SLR camera imagery. The models are compared to evaluate the differences not only between themselves but also through the best fitting ellipsoid that allow the determination of the cranial deformations. The average distance between models is 0.5¿mm, and below 1¿mm for 86% of the model points. The maximum difference between the two fitted ellipsoid semiaxes is 1¿mm. It can be stated that smartphones are a low-cost solution that can provide 3D models with a similar accuracy to that of SLR cameras for non-static objects in close range scenarios. More interestingly, slow-motion videos provide comparable results in real clinical conditions with infants in movement.The authors acknowledge the partial support from the Subprogram C (No. C10) to the development of coordinated actions between the Universitat Politecnica de Valencia and the Hospital Universitari i Politecnic/Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria La Fe.Lerma, JL.; Barbero-García, I.; Marqués-Mateu, Á.; Miranda, P. (2018). Smartphone-based video for 3D modelling: Application to infants cranial deformation analysis. Measurement. 116:299-306. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2017.11.019S29930611

Smartphone-based photogrammetric 3D modelling assessment by comparison with radiological medical imaging for cranial deformation analysis

[EN] Cranial deformation in infants is a common problem in paediatric consultations. The most accurate medical diagnostic imaging methodologies are Computed Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Image (MRI). However, these radiological imaging technologies involve high costs and are invasive, especially for infants. Therefore, they are only used for severe cases, while milder cases are evaluated using less precise methodologies, such as callipers or measure tapes. The use of smartphone-based photogrammetric 3D models has been presented as a possible alternative to extracting accurate and complete external information in a low-cost, non-invasive manner but its accuracy is still to be tested. In this study, photogrammetric and radiological cranial 3D models have been obtained for a set of 10 patients. In order to compare them, the distances between model surfaces have been calculated. Results show an overestimation of the photogrammetric models up to 3.2 mm due to both hair and usage of caps. However, differences in shape, given by the standard deviation of the distances are below 1.5 mm for every patient. The accuracy of low-cost smartphone-based photogrammetric models has been found to be comparable to medical diagnostic imaging methodologies used for cranial deformation analysis. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.This study was supported by Conselleria d Educació of the Generalitat Valenciana and the European Social Fund under the grant number ACIF/2017/056. The authors also acknowledge the partial support from the 2017 Subprogram B No. B03 (Acronym HEAD3D++) to the development of coordinated actions between the Universitat Politècnica de València and the Hospital Universitari i Politècnic/Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe.Barbero-García, I.; Lerma, JL.; Miranda, P.; Marqués-Mateu, Á. (2019). Smartphone-based photogrammetric 3D modelling assessment by comparison with radiological medical imaging for cranial deformation analysis. Measurement. 131:372-379. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2018.08.059S37237913

Small and large intestine express a truncated Dab1 isoform that assembles in cell-cell junctions and co-localizes with proteins involved in endocytosis

Disabled-1 (Dab1) is an essential intracellular adaptor protein in the reelin pathway. Our previous studies in mice intestine showed that Dab1 transmits the reelin signal to cytosolic signalling pathways. Here, we determine the Dab1 isoform expressed in rodent small and large intestine, its subcellular location and co-localization with clathrin, caveolin-1 and N-Wasp. PCR and sequencing analysis reveal that rodent small and large intestine express a Dab1 isoform that misses three (Y198, Y200 and Y220) of the five tyrosine phosphorylation sites present in brain Dab1 isoform (canonical) and contains nuclear localization and export signals. Western blot assays show that both, crypts, which shelter progenitor cells, and enterocytes express the same Dab1 isoform, suggesting that epithelial cell differentiation does not regulate intestinal generation of alternatively spliced Dab1 variants. They also reveal that the canonical and the intestinal Dab1 isoforms differ in their total degree of phosphorylation. Immunostaining assays show that in enterocytes Dab1 localizes at the apical and lateral membranes, apical vesicles, close to adherens junctions and desmosomes, as well as in the nucleus; co-localizes with clathrin and with N-Wasp but not with caveolin-1, and in Caco-2 cells Dab1 localizes at cell-to-cell junctions by a Ca2+-dependent process. In conclusion, the results indicate that in rodent intestine a truncated Dab1 variant transmits the reelin signal and may play a role in clathrin-mediated apical endocytosis and in the control of cell-to-cell junction assembly. A function of intestinal Dab1 variant as a nucleocytoplasmic shuttling protein is also inferred from its sequence and nuclear location.Junta de Andalucía CTS 5884Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia AP2007-04201European Molecular Biology Organization ASTF45-201

Decent work and healthy employment: a qualitative case study about Colombian millennials

The purpose of this paper is to show how a group of Colombian millennials perceive different aspects of working life and how their ideas about job satisfaction, professional expectations, and levels of autonomy are related to contemporary demands about inclusion, diversity, equity, autonomy, and control. With this objective, 167 semi-structured interviews were conducted with millennials who work at 10 Colombian companies from the manufacturing and service sectors, located in the 5 main cities of the country. With a qualitative approach in the interviews, the research team used a strategy inspired by the technique of generating visual structures associated with grounded theory. It is concluded that new generations of Colombian workers know of the importance of rewards and autonomy in work and are more critical and less passive in the face of unhealthy working conditions. At the same time, their conduct and speeches are the consequence of the characteristics of the Colombian labour market. The document responds to the need to deepen the debates on welfare and happiness in organizations and to include the demands of millennials in the reflective and political horizon of the ideas of healthy employment and decent work. In practice, this article seeks to demystify ideas about millennials in Colombia and critically contribute to reflection on intergenerational relations in organizations and salary and welfare models. As a Latin American case, it is an original contribution that avoids the common places and the frivolity with which the insertion of the new generations into the working world has been analysed

Incorporación de casos clínicos para la mejora de la enseñanza de Fisiopatología.

El objetivo de este proyecto ha sido analizar los resultados obtenidos en el desarrollo de una nueva metodología docente en la enseñanza de Fisiopatología, asignatura troncal impartida en tercer curso de la Licenciatura de Farmacia de la Universidad de Sevilla. El número de estudiantes es de 548 repartidos en 4 grupos. El proyecto implica la resolución de casos clínicos como nuevo método de enseñanza. Con esta actividad conseguimos que el alumno realice un análisis intensivo y completo de un problema real, con la finalidad de interpretarlo, resolverlo, contrastar datos, reflexionar e interrelacionar conocimientos. El resultado de la innovación muestra que la incorporación de casos clínicos a la enseñanza de Fisiopatología beneficia al alumnado, no solo en su participación y conocimiento de la materia, sino además, en la obtención de mejores calificaciones. Por otro lado, los alumnos han mostrado su satisfacción con la nueva metodología implantada, valorando positivamente la experiencia. Palabras clave: innovación docente, Fisiopatología, casos clínicos, metodología docente.The aim of this project is to analyze the results obtained in the development of a new educational methodology in the teaching of Physiopathology (a subject included in the third year of the Bachelor Degree in Pharmacy, at the University of Seville). The number of students is 548, divided into 4 groups. The project involves the resolution of clinical cases as a new teaching method. With this activity the students carry out a full and intensive analysis of a real problem in order to interpret, solve, compare data, reflect, and interrelate knowledge. The result of this new methodology shows that the incorporation of clinical cases into the teaching of Physiopathology benefits students not only in improving the participation in class and knowledge of the material, but also in achieving better marks. Furthermore, students have shown their satisfaction with the new implemented methodology, and appreciate the experience