Per què següenciem genomes vegetals?

Les noves tècniques de seqüenciació massiva han permès que ja disposem del genoma d'un gran nombre d'espècies vegetals. Disposar de la seqüència d'una espècie vegetal representa per a la comunitat científica conèixer l'evolució de l'espècie, i entendre l'estructura i la funció dels organismes. I, per a la societat en general, la possibilitat de tenir varietats millorades genèticament

The Extensin from Prunus amygdalus

2 pages, 1 figure, 1 table.-- PMID: 16653168 [PubMed].-- PMCID: PMC1075830.Peer reviewe

Key Design Factors Affecting Microbial Community Composition and Pathogenic Organism Removal in Horizontal Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetlands

Water shortages in arid and semi-arid areas such as the Mediterranean have prompted a need for wastewater treatment and subsequent reuse. Reclamation can be achieved through conventional intensive systems or natural, ecologically engineered treatments such as horizontal subsurface flow (HSSF) constructed wetlands...Fil: Morató Farreras, Jordi. Universidad Politécnica de Catalunya; EspañaFil: Codony, Francesc. Universidad Politécnica de Catalunya; EspañaFil: Sánchez Negrette, Olga. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; EspañaFil: Perez, Leonardo Martin. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario. Instituto de Química Rosario. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas. Instituto de Química Rosario; ArgentinaFil: García, Joan. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; EspañaFil: Mas, Jordi. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Españ

Presence of opportunistic oil-degrading microorganisms operating at the initial steps of oil extraction and handling

Hydrocarbon-degrading microorganisms from natural environments have been isolated and identified using culture-dependent or molecular techniques. However, there has been little research into the occurrence of microorganisms incorporated into crude oil in the initial steps of extraction and handling, which can reduce the quality of stored petroleum. In the present study, a packed-column reactor filled with autoclaved perlite soaked with crude oil was subjected to a continuous flow of sterile medium in order to determine the presence of potential hydrocarbon degraders. Microorganisms developed on the surface of the perlite within a period of 73 days. DNA was extracted from the biofilm and then PCR-amplified using 16S rRNA bacterial and archaeal primers and 18S rRNA eukaryotic primers. No amplification was obtained using archaeal primers. However, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) revealed the presence of unique bands indicating bacterial and eukaryotic amplification. Excision of these bands, sequencing, and subsequent BLAST search showed that they corresponded to Bacillus sp. and Aspergillus versicolor. The fungus was later isolated from intact perlite in agar plates. A bacterial clone library was used to confirm the presence in the biofilm of a unique hydrocarbon-degrading bacterium closely related to Bacillus sp. Analysis of the petroleum components by gas chromatography showed that there n-alkanes, aromatic hydrocarbons, and carbazoles were degraded. [Int Microbiol 2006; 9(2):119-124

Organocatalytic vs. Ru-based electrochemical hydrogenation of nitrobenzene in competition with the hydrogen evolution reaction

The electrochemical reduction of organic contaminants allows their removal from water. In this contribution, the electrocatalytic hydrogenation of nitrobenzene is studied using both oxidized carbon fibres and ruthenium nanoparticles supported on unmodified carbon fibres as catalysts. The two systems produce azoxynitrobenzene as the main product, while aniline is only observed in minor quantities. Although PhNO2 hydrogenation is the favoured reaction, the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) competes in both systems under catalytic conditions. H2 formation occurs in larger amounts when using the Ru nanoparticle based catalyst. While similar reaction outputs were observed for both catalytic systems, DFT calculations revealed some significant differences related to distinct interactions between the catalytic material and the organic substrates or products, which could pave the way for the design of new catalytic materials

Modern sedimentation patterns and human impacts on the Barcelona continental shelf (NE Spain)

Seafloor sediments were collected from the Barcelona continental shelf, NE Spain, to determine the textural characteristics and sedimentary processes related to different depositional systems and human pressures. The Barcelona continental shelf is principally influenced by the discharge of the Llobregat and Besòs rivers, and also by anthropogenic modifications Duch as the diversion of the Llobregat River or the enlargement of the Port of Barcelona. Sedimentological, physical and biogeochemical properties of 14 sediment cores and grabs indicate the presence of three distinct depositional environments linked to river-influenced, marine-influenced and mixed sedimentation. Sedimentological results have been used to groundtruth available backscatter data. The river-influenced environment, mainly associated to the Llobregat River input, does not reach the shelf edge as the prevailing oceanographic currents deflect sediments south-westward. Riverine sediments are fine-grained, with abundant plant debris, micas and relatively high organic carbon content. The associated sedimentary features are the Holocene prodelta and two modern mud patches. The marine-influenced environment extends north-easterly over the middle and outer shelf and on the upper continental slope. The sediments are coarser grained with abundant bioclasts and lower organic carbon content. Mixed sedimentation is present between the river- and marine-influenced areas. In addition, 210Pb, 226Ra and 137Cs radiometric analyses were used to estimate accumulation rates as well as to identify sites with disturbed sedimentation. Relatively high sediment accumulation rates (up to 0.70-1.03 g•cm-2•yr-1 equivalent to 6.4-10 mm•yr-1) are estimated on the Llobregat prodelta while moderate rates 0.21-0.46 g•cm-2•yr-1 or 1.6-3.6 mm•yr-1) are found between the Besòs and the Llobregat outlets. Two sediment cores show a sharp change from river-influenced to marine-dominated conditions that occurred in the mid- 1960s. This is interpreted as a significant regression (~2.5 km in 40 years) of the river-influenced domain that may be associated to the extension of the Port of Barcelona and the canalization of the Besòs River, amongst other reasons. Other important human impacts observed in the Barcelona continental shelf are (i) sediment mixing by dredging, ship anchoring and trawling; and (ii) possible organic pollution associated to river and sewage discharges

Recambio de sonda de gastrostomía endoscópica percutánea en atención domiciliaria

The PEG tube or Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy is used to deliver fluids or medication directly into the stomach. It is mainly indicated in patients with prolonged dysphagia and preserved gastrointestinal function. PEG replacement technique is straightforward. Some common complications from the procedure are: Tube pulling, balloon problems, and stomatal granulation and infection. The replacement can be carried out at home and entails an increase in the well-being of the patient and family, as well as a reduction in healthcare costs.La sonda PEG o Gastrostomía Endoscópica Percutánea es utilizada para suministrar líquidos y/o medicamentos directamente en el estómago. Está principalmente indicada en pacientes con disfagia prolongada y función gastrointestinal conservada. La técnica de recambio de PEG es sencilla. Algunas de las complicaciones frecuentes derivadas del procedimiento son: Arrancamiento de la sonda, problemas con el balón y granulación e infección del estoma. El recambio puede ser realizado en el domicilio y conlleva un incremento del bienestar del paciente y familiares, así como una reducción del gasto sanitario

1,2-Diaryl(3-pyridyl)ethanone Oximes. Intermolecular Hydrogen Bonding Networks Revealed by X-ray Diffraction

The synthesis of a set of 1-aryl-2-aryl(3-pyridyl)ethanones 1-5 and thecorresponding ketoximes 6-9 is reported. Structural studies of oximes 6, 7 and 9 wereperformed in solution using 1H-NMR and in the solid state by X-ray crystallography,providing evidence of H-bonding networks. The crystal packing was controlled byhomomeric intermolecular oxime···oxime H-bond interactions for 6 and cooperativeoxime···N(pyridyl) and CH/π interactions for 7 and 9. Keywords: Oximes; ethanones; hydrogen bonds; self-assembly; X-ray diffraction crystalograph

A mutation in the melon Vacuolar Protein Sorting 41prevents systemic infection of Cucumber mosaic virus

[EN] In the melon exotic accession PI 161375, the gene cmv1, confers recessive resistance to Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) strains of subgroup II. cmv1 prevents the systemic infection by restricting the virus to the bundle sheath cells and impeding viral loading to the phloem. Here we report the fine mapping and cloning of cmv1. Screening of an F2 population reduced the cmv1 region to a 132 Kb interval that includes a Vacuolar Protein Sorting 41 gene. CmVPS41 is conserved among plants, animals and yeast and is required for post-Golgi vesicle trafficking towards the vacuole. We have validated CmVPS41 as the gene responsible for the resistance, both by generating CMV susceptible transgenic melon plants, expressing the susceptible allele in the resistant cultivar and by characterizing CmVPS41 TILLING mutants with reduced susceptibility to CMV. Finally, a core collection of 52 melon accessions allowed us to identify a single amino acid substitution (L348R) as the only polymorphism associated with the resistant phenotype. CmVPS41 is the first natural recessive resistance gene found to be involved in viral transport and its cellular function suggests that CMV might use CmVPS41 for its own transport towards the phloem.The TILLING platform is supported by the Program Saclay Plant Sciences (SPS, ANR-10-LABX-40) and the European Research Council (ERC-SEXYPARTH). This work was supported by grants AGL2009-12698-C02-01 and AGL2012-40130-C02-01 from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, the Spanish Ministry of Econom and Competitiveness, through the "Severo Ochoa Programme for Centres of Excellence in R&D" 2016-2019 (SEV-2015-0533)" and the CERCA Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya.Giner, A.; Pascual, L.; Bourgeois, M.; Gyetvai, G.; Rios, P.; Picó Sirvent, MB.; Troadec, C.... (2017). 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SNP genotyping in melons: genetic variation, population structure, and linkage disequilibrium. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 126, 1285–1303, doi: 10.1007/s00122-013-2053-5 (2013).Leida, C. et al. Variability of candidate genes, genetic structure and association with sugar accumulation and climacteric behavior in a broad germplasm collection of melon (Cucumis melo L.). BMC Genetics 16, 28, doi: 10.1186/s12863-015-0183-2 (2015).Balderhaar, H. Jk & Ungermann, C. CORVET and HOPS tethering complexes – coordinators of endosome and lysosome fusion. Journal of Cell Science 126, 1307–1316, doi: 10.1242/jcs.107805 (2013).Darsow, T., Katzmann, D. J., Cowles, C. R. & Emr, S. D. Vps41p Function in the Alkaline Phosphatase Pathway Requires Homo-oligomerization and Interaction with AP-3 through Two Distinct Domains. Molecular Biology of the Cell 12, 37–51 (2001).Ostrowicz, C. W. et al. Defined subunit arrangement and Rab interactions are required for functionality of the HOPS tethering complex. 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Human African Trypanosomiasis in a Spanish traveler returning from Tanzania

Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT) is a parasitic disease usually confined to endemic areas in sub-Saharan Africa, but it occasionally may occur among travelers, migrants, or expatriates. Although it is an uncommon diagnosis in returning travelers attending travel and tropical medicine clinics [1], the number of HAT diagnoses in travelers has been rising in recent years [2], most likely in connection with an increase of tourists visiting endemic areas and improved reporting systems. Trypanosoma brucei is the etiological agent of HAT, and is transmitted by tsetse flies of the genus Glossina. Two species can cause the disease: T. brucei gambiense in West and Central Africa (g-HAT) and T. brucei rhodesiense (r-HAT) in Eastern and Southern Africa. The disease usually presents in two stages: a first or hemolymphatic stage, where the parasite is located in the lymphatic system and blood; and a second or meningo-encephalitic stage, which occurs when trypanosomes penetrate the central nervous system