The determinants of university patenting: Do incentives matter?

In recent years various studies have examined the factors that may explain academic patents. Existing analyses have also underlined the substantial differences to be found in European countries in the institutional framework that defines property rights for academic patents. The objective of this study is to contribute to the empirical literature on the factors explaining academic patents and to determine whether the incentives that universities offer researchers contribute towards explaining the differences in academic patenting activity. The results of the econometric analysis for the Spanish universities point towards the conclusion that the principal factor determining the patents is funding of R&D while royalty incentives to researchers do not appear to be significant.Patents, University, R&D

Media Value of the Basketball World Cup

El número de negocios que basan su actividad en activos inmateriales ha ido creciendo rápidamente, haciendo perentoria la tarea de identificar y medir el alcance de este tipo de intangibles. El propósito de estas líneas se dirige a analizar un espectáculo deportivo concreto -el Mundial de Baloncesto 2006- aplicando una metodología novedosa. El análisis de esta industria concreta de espectáculo constituye un ejercicio interesante en sí mismo, puesto que permite extraer importantes conclusiones y enseñanzas. Sin embargo, otro objetivo no menos importante del presente trabajo es ilustrar el alcance de la metodología desarrollada por ESIrg, que se presenta como modo de evaluar intangibles de naturaleza muy diversa.The number of businesses whose activities are based on immaterial assets is growing very rapidly, which demands new ways of evaluating the economic relevance of intangible assets. The aim of this study is precisely to examine the Basketball World Cup 2006 -a particular experience within the industry of spectacle - through applying a novel methodology. The analysis of this sport event is an interesting exercise in itself, since it allows achieving important lessons and conclusions. Yet, the scope of this paper is broader, including another major goal. Effectively, the present study illustrates the potential capacity that ESIrg methodology has for evaluating intangible assets of different types and character (that must not necessary be linked to the sport industry)

Plan de equipamientos e infraestructuras culturales de Córdoba

La elaboración del Plan de Equipamientos e Infraestructuras culturales de Córdoba (PEICC) se propone estructurar un mapa geográfico de espacios públicos y equipamientos culturales que sirva como base futura de trabajo para la ciudad. Se trata de una reflexión relacionada con las infraestructuras culturales y su relación urbana, en una visión disciplinar y arquitectónica, que será integrada en un plan estratégico de programación cultural orientado a la candidatura de Córdoba como Capital Cultural Europea en 2016. El Plan establece como indisoluble la relación del binomio Cultura y Ciudad, a través del Espacio Público como lugar de Activación cultural al aire libre, además de conexión entre los equipamientos. Se establecen como prioritarios unos equipamientos de ámbito territorial que generan polaridades con los sistemas territoriales; una serie de equipamientos de barrio puntuales perfilan la integración de los ámbitos urbanos externos al Centro Histórico en las actividades de la ciudad, transformándose en “lámparas” culturales de la periferia; el Espacio Público se entiende como la nueva apuesta de Córdoba para la cultura, elemento de unión de los equipamientos y lugar activado a su vez para eventos culturales al aire libre, siguiendo la tradición consolidada en Córdoba dada su meteorología favorable durante todo el año.The production of the Plan of Cultural Equipments and Infrastructures in Córdoba (PEICC) proposes to organize a geographical map of public spaces and cultural equipments that should serve as a future work base for the city. It is a reflection related to the cultural infrastructures and its urban relation, in a disciplinary and architectural vision, that will be integrated to the strategic plan of cultural programming for the candidacy of Córdoba as European Capital of Culture 2016. The Plan establishes as indissolubly the relation between Culture and City, through the concept of Public Space as place for Cultural Activation outdoors, besides of being the connection among the equipments. It’s established as priority a series of territorial equipments that generate polarities with the territorial systems; a series of punctual equipments in the neighborhoods that outline the integration of the urban areas out of the Old Town in the activities of the whole city, transforming in the so called cultural "lamps" of the periphery; and the Public Space, understood as the new bet of Córdoba for the culture, element of union and place of activation for cultural events outdoors, following the tradition consolidated in Córdoba due to its favorable meteorology all year

What Drives Students' Loyalty-Formation in Social Media Learning Within a Personal Learning Environment Approach? The Moderating Role of Need for Cognition

Our study analyzes an educational experience based on the integrated use of social media within a higher education course under a personal learning environment approach and investigates the factors that determine students' loyalty to social media learning. We examined the moderating role of need for cognition (NFC) in students' formation of attitudes, satisfaction, and loyalty toward this learning experience. The results indicate that NFC has an influence on these variables, significantly moderating how loyalty toward social media learning is formed. For high-NFC students, satisfaction with the learning experience is the most important variable to explain loyalty; whereas for low-NFC students, attitudes have a stronger effect. Different strategies are suggested, according to the learners' NFC levels, for increasing the use of social media in personal learning environments. Practical implications for improving the integration of such informal resources into formal education are discussed.Junta de Andalucía – Programa Andaluz de I + D P12 SEJ 259

Value Co-Creation in Ecotourism: Finding Solutions in a Digital Era

This study aims to identify the main actors in the ecotourism online value co-creation ecosystem. With the ever-increasing demand to which the ecotourism sector has been subject in recent years, there is a need for business models featuring interactive tools that allow ecotourists to participate and co-create their own experiences. Not only will ecotourism businesses and ecotourists participate in this process, but so too will several other stakeholders, becoming key actors in the co-creation of value. Ecotourism, being of a hedonic and experiential nature, requires strategies that are geared towards enjoyment of the joint value co-creation experience. With this finality, we present some factors, such as motivation, that are necessary for the ecotourist's value co-creation, as well as various other aspects that influence their behavior. Our expectation is that value co-creation will have a positive effect on the behavior and experiences of tourists when it comes to developing ecotourism products and services. Specifically, we expect that the implementation of a co-creation strategy will lead to greater satisfaction and loyalty. Accordingly, drawing on the existing literature, we present a theoretical proposal of the antecedents and consequents that affect and enable online value co-creation by ecotourists

Key antecedents of brand equity in heritage brand extensions: The moderating role of tourist heritage experience

This study was funded by Campus of International Excellence BioTic Granada (grant number 20F12/43), and Spanish National Research Program (R+D+i Research Project ECO2017-88458-R).This study examines how the degree of fit between the brand extension and the parent brand, in the case of heritage sites, affects the extension's brand equity-formation, considering the mediating role of brand attitude and brand credibility and the moderating role of the tourist's level of experience of the parent heritage brand. An experimental design is applied, in which two different levels of fit between the parent heritage brand and the brand extension are controlled between subjects. Suggestions are provided for effective ways of enhancing heritage brand equity and therefore contributing to destination promotion and competitiveness.Campus of International Excellence BioTic Granada 20F12/43Spanish National Research Program (R+D+i Research Project) ECO2017-88458-

How does parent heritage brand preference affect brand extension loyalty? A moderated mediation analysis

La versión aceptada puede estar ya en abierto, pues parece que la revista tiene un periodo de embargo de 24 meses. Se publicó en 2020Firms with high brand equity often employ the strategy of brand extension to place new products on the market. Very few studies have analyzed brand extensions in the cultural heritage context, and fewer still have dealt with brands carrying the World Heritage hallmark. This work contributes to the existing knowledge in this field by examining how cultural heritage brand preference contributes to the formation of brand-extension loyalty, taking into account the tourists' perceptions of the extension (via attitudes and image) and the moderating role of brand extension fit and authenticity. A 2 (high vs. low brand extension fit) x 3 (high, moderate, and low degree of brand extension authenticity) between-subjects experimental design was used. The results show that parent brand preference exerts a positive effect on brand extension loyalty, mediated by brand extension attitude and brand extension image. These relationships are moderated by brand extension fit.This study was funded by Campus of International Excellence BioTic Granada (grant number 20F12/43), and Spanish National Research Programme (R + D + i Research Project ECO2017-88458-R)

Website design as moderating factor of online user behavior

It is widely assumed that online user behaviour is mainly utilitarian, although hedonic motivations such as enjoyment have also been found by recent research to have a marked influence on such behaviour. The present study explores the influence of website design (utilitarian motivation) on online user behaviour, in the context of a site promoting a tourist destination. The results underline the importance of utilitarian aspects for the effectiveness of online information-processing and the formation of perceived risk online. It is recommended that websites should reflect this type of motivation so as to make browsing useful for the online consumer.The authors appreciate the financial help provided via a research project of group ADEMAR (University of Granada) under the auspices of the Andalusian Program for R&D, number P06-SEJ02170, and Research Program from the Faculty of Education, Economy and Technology of Ceuta

To comply or not to comply? How a UEFA wage-to-revenue requirement might affect the sport and managerial performance of soccer clubs

This paper evaluates the soccer clubs' compliance with a potential wage-to-revenue requirement by the Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) and studies the effect on sport achievements resulting from sports and managerial skills. The empirical analysis uses data on first division teams of the Premier League, La Liga, Serie A, and Ligue 1, from seasons 2009/2010 to 2018/2019. We measure the teams' quality through the annual wages and use the wage-to-revenue ratio as a proxy measure for financial responsibility. Our results reveal that a more prudent financial performance, which is generally linked to good management practices, implies better sport performance and higher chances of qualifying for UEFA competitions

Consumer searching information process and Culture Values

The use of Internet as a new market has increased interest in research on Consumer Behaviour Online. Due to its complexity, each investigation has been centred on different aspects. So to continue, a theoretical model will be offered developed from TAM and the State of Flow but adding some new elements related to social pressure and the intention to reduce cognitive effort of the navigator so that he can concentrate more on enjoying himself while navigating and shopping