Adaptive Comfort Models Applied to Existing Dwellings in Mediterranean Climate Considering Global Warming

Comfort analysis of existing naturally ventilated buildings located in mild climates, such as the ones in the Mediterranean zones, offer room for a reduction in the present and future energy consumption. Regarding Spain, most of the present building stock was built before energy standards were mandatory, let alone considerations about global warming or adaptive comfort. In this context, this research aims at assessing adaptive thermal comfort of inhabitants of extant apartments building in the South of Spain per EN 15251:2007 and ASHRAE 55-2013. The case study is statistically representative housing built in 1973. On-site monitoring of comfort conditions and computer simulations for present conditions have been carried out, clarifying the degree of adaptive comfort at present time. After that, additional simulations for 2020, 2050, and 2080 are performed to check whether this dwelling will be able to provide comfort considering a change in climate conditions. As a result, the study concludes that levels of adaptive comfort can be considered satisfactory at present time in these dwellings, but not in the future, when discomfort associated with hot conditions will be recurrent. These results provide a hint to foresee how extant dwellings, and also dwellers, should adapt to a change in environmental conditions

Higgs-dilaton cosmology: From the early to the late Universe

We consider a minimal scale-invariant extension of the standard model of particle physics combined with unimodular gravity formulated in [M. Shaposhnikov and D. Zenhausern, Phys. Lett. B 671, 187 (2009).]. This theory is able to describe not only an inflationary stage, related to the standard model Higgs field, but also a late period of dark-energy domination, associated with an almost massless dilaton. A number of parameters can be fixed by inflationary physics, allowing us to make specific predictions for any subsequent period. In particular, we derive a relation between the tilt of the primordial spectrum of scalar fluctuations, ns, and the present value of the equation of state parameter of dark energy (DE), wDE0. We find bounds for the scalar tilt, ns-1. The relation between ns and wDE0 allows us to use the current observational bounds on ns to further constrain the dark-energy equation of state to 0<1+wDE0<0.02, which is to be confronted with future dark-energy surveysWe acknowledge financial support from the Madrid Regional Government (CAM) under the Program No. HEPHACOS P-ESP-00346 and MICINN under Grant No. AYA2009-13936-C06-06. We also participate in the Consolider-Ingenio 2010 PAU (CSD2007-00060), as well as in the European Union Marie Curie Network UniverseNet under Contract No. MRTN-CT-2006-035863. J. R. would like to acknowledge financial support from UAM/CSIC. The work of M. S. and D. Z. was supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation and by the Tomalla Foundatio

Implementación de una aplicación móvil de teledocencia en J2ME con tecnología Bluetooth

La tecnología de comunicación inalámbrica Bluetooth ha adquirido en estos últimos años una presencia importante en la conexión de dispositivos de uso cotidiano (móviles, impresoras, manos libres, cámaras de fotos,…). Al permitir su interconexión de una manera sencilla ha supuesto una revolución esencial que se convertirá en indispensable en pocos años. En este proyecto se ha implementado una aplicación en J2ME (Java 2 Micro Edition), que aprovecha las posibilidades que nos brinda la tecnología Bluetooth, y que está orientada a la docencia. A través de ella, el usuario podrá optar por el rol de alumno (cliente) o de tutor (servidor). De forma que, un usuario que haya elegido el rol de alumno podrá localizar a otros que hayan escogido el rol de tutor, basándose en unos criterios de búsqueda especificados por el alumno, y seleccionar aquel tutor que más le pueda interesar para establecer una conversación por chat con él. Con la realización del proyecto se ha adquirido una visión en profundidad de J2ME, se ha estudiado la tecnología Bluetooth para comprender su funcionamiento, y posteriormente se han aplicado estos conocimientos en el análisis y desarrollo de la aplicación. También se ha realizado una batería de pruebas, con ayuda de la herramienta Sun Wireless Toolkit, para demostrar la robustez de la aplicación. _____________________________________________________________Wireless communication Bluetooth technology has acquired an important presence in daily use devices connection (mobiles, printers, free hands, cameras of photos,…) in the last years. It has supposed an essential revolution, that will become indispensably in a few years, allowing its interconnection in a simple way. In this project an application has been implemented in J2ME (Java 2 Micro Edition), taking advantage of the possibilities that Bluetooth technology offers to us, and that is orientated to the teaching. Across it, the user will be able to choose for the pupil's role (client) or tutor´s role (servant). So that, a user who has chosen the pupil's role will be able to locate others who have chosen the tutor's role, being based on a few criteria of search specified by the pupil, and selecting that tutor who more could interest him to establish a chat conversation with him. With the project accomplishment, it has been acquired a J2ME depth vision, there has been studied Bluetooth technology to understand its functioning, and later this knowledge has been applied in the application analysis and development. Also a tests battery has been realized, with the tool Sun Wireless Toolkit, to demonstrate the application hardiness.Ingeniería Técnica en Sistemas de Telecomunicació

Modelling and real-data validation of a logistic centre using TRNSYS®: Influences of the envelope, infiltrations and stored goods

In this paper, the authors aim to support users when modelling scenarios with complex processes entailing thermal loads and infiltrations. The large building analysed is a logistics centre for the replenishment and distribution of perishable foodstuffs where cold chains must be maintained. The logistics centre, with 96 loading/unloading docks, handles large turnovers of different goods. This produces heat inside the facility. Due to continuous loading/unloading, the infiltrations in the building, and the fixed and variable thermal loads, this facility consumes a large amount of energy. Aiming to optimise the centre and contribute to sustainable development goal SDG7, this building has been modelled with a classical non-D envelope using TRNBuild® and also with the more sophisticated 3D software, SketchUp®, to compare and validate their results over a year with real consumption, as well as to assess the main sources of energy consumption. To obtain reliable results, the authors provide some methodology models to identify the sources of the building's thermal losses and quantify the different sources of consumption. These models are useful tools to support decision-makers (to improve insulation and arrange loads, among other things) when trying to reduce energy use in large buildings with intense operating processes. The results indicate that by modelling the entire facility with 3D software, the model estimation differs from real consumption by around 7.22%, while using a non-D model increases the difference to 26%. Additionally, the results show that around 47% of the energy consumption in the building is due to air infiltrations during loading/unloading, 18% is due to perishable products, and around 30% is due to building insulation. The methodology and models presented here, including the possibility of modifying the thermal load profiles, have demonstrated their capacity to reduce and optimise the load demand of refrigeration for warehouses if reliable data records are available.This research was funded by RTI2018-099139-B-C21 from Ministry of Science and Innovation - National Research Agency (MCIN/AEI) 10.13039/501100011033 and by ‘‘ERDF A way of making Europe” of the ‘‘European Union”

Basketball as part of the curriculum in secondary education. Motion for education: a comprehensive model

Resumen basado en el de la publicaciónSe muestra una forma de entender la enseñanza del baloncesto. Partiendo de los objetivos de la Educación Física en secundaria y de la estructura de un deporte colectivo como lo es el baloncesto, se propone su enseñanza basada en la comprensión del propio juego, con el objeto de conseguir alumnos activos, que se impliquen cognitivamente durante las sesiones. Dejando a un lado las propuestas que desde una perspectiva teórica a menudo resultan poco prácticas para los profesores, se proporcionan ideas y principios útiles a tener en cuenta a la hora del diseño de las actividades de cada una de las sesiones que conformaran la unidad didáctica para la enseñanza de este deporte.AndalucíaES

Prismas trasescalares en el estudio de las migraciones

This article aims to reflect on the way social anthropology can contribute to the study of migrations and, simultaneously, to “find out” what the discipline can also learn from this field of study, and thus to transfer its knowledge to other areas. From here we will learn how important here and there are for the study of migrations, not as situations or places, but as constructed and reconstructed notions of identification processes. From that point, we will try to show some examples of our ethnographic research that lead to the analysis of the concept of situation from its relational dimension. A notion of context that shouldn’t be seen in relation to space, but in the provision of meanings for the social and cultural events within it. Therefore a trans-scalar approach of anthropology will arise in a global context and referring to any sociocultural pnenomenon. Such an approach wil lead to the enforcement of a multisited ethnography.El presente artículo pretende reflexionar sobre lo que la antropología social puede aportar al estudio de las migraciones y, a la vez, “descubrir” lo que puede aprender también la disciplina de este campo de estudio, y, de esta manera transdisciplinar, sus saberes. De aquí aprenderemos lo importante que es para el estudio de las migraciones el aquí y allí no como situaciones o lugares, sino como nociones que construyen y reconstruyen los procesos de identificación. Desde ellos trataremos de mostrar varios ejemplos de nuestras investigaciones etnográficas, que nos pongan en la situación de analizar el concepto de contexto desde sus dimensiones relacionales. Es una noción de contexto que no debe dimensionarse en lo espacial, sino en la dotación de significados de los acontecimientos sociales y culturales que deben ser inscritos en él. De todo ello surgirá el enfoque transescalar, que en un contexto global debe tomar la antropología en el estudio de cualquier fenómeno sociocultural, lo que le obligará a intensificar una etnografía multisituada

Determination of the heat release rate inside operational road tunnels by comparison with CFD calculations

Usually, during a fire inside a tunnel, the average heat release rate (HRR) is estimated according to the type of vehicle. Frequently, the overall HRR is considered, however it is also necessary to know its time evolution to design real time systems, particularly ventilation, which respond to fire events or signals as fast as possible. Nowadays, there is not a well established and generally accepted procedure to know the power liberated at each instant of time inside an operational tunnel. That procedure could help in taking the correct actions to adapt the tunnel ventilation in order to diminish the effects of the fire and the smoke. This work shows a method to calculate the heat release rate using sensors that can be installed inside an operational road tunnel. Besides, the location of the fire could also be calculated accurately and quickly. To achieve the previous purposes, a stationary database that depends on HRR, its location, and the ventilation speed is calculated with CFD programs; the data are compared with temperatures measured by the sensors located inside the tunnel. The program used to generate the database is the simplified model UPMTUNNEL. The predictions of the model are compared with the results of calculations carried out using the general purpose code FLUENT, and with measurements done in a tunnel with a real fire, produced with a fuel tray

Scoring coordination patterns in basketball international championships of national teams

The performance of two basketball teams can be analysed by exploring their different scoring dynamics on the basis of the two time series representing the scoring process of each team throughout the game. Existing studies following this approach focused mainly on regular season and playoff games in different basketball leagues. The aim of this study was to conduct this type of analysis on games of National Teams championships, focusing specifically on final round close games, as those in which medals are decided and teams perform in a very similar level. The study considers the final round games (i.e. semi-finals games, third-place game and final game) of the main men's professional basketball International Championships of National Teams (i.e. European Championships, World Championships and Olympic Games) played during the period 2005-2013. Different methods of time series analysis were used (i.e. autocorrelation and cross-correlation functions, double backward moving averages, Hilbert transform). The results revealed an increasing scoring coordination pattern between the teams as the games unfolded, showing extremely high coordinated behaviours in the 3rd and 4th quarters (i.e. similar scoring streaks by the two teams; back-and-forth scoring patterns). This suggests that are the first two quarters of the games those leading to major fluctuations on the scoreboard (i.e. game periods in which one team's scoring performance is very successful whilst the other team's is not). This study may be matter of interest to coaches and performance analysts in the field of basketball, providing practical information for specific games preparations in International Championships of National Teams.El rendimiento de dos equipos de baloncesto se puede analizar mediante la exploración de sus diferentes dinámicas de anotación sobre la base de las dos series temporales que representan el proceso anotador de cada equipo durante todo el partido. Los estudios existentes siguiendo este enfoque se han centrado principalmente en partidos de temporada regular y de playoff en diferentes ligas de baloncesto. El objetivo de este estudio fue llevar a cabo este tipo de análisis en partidos de campeonatos de selecciones nacionales, centrándose específicamente en los partidos ajustados de las rondas finales, como aquellos en los que se deciden las medallas y en los que los equipos desempeñan en un nivel muy similar. El estudio considera los partidos de las rondas finales (semifinales, tercer y cuarto puesto, y final) de los principales campeonatos internacionales de baloncesto de selecciones nacionales en categoría masculina (Campeonatos Europeos, Campeonatos del Mundo y Juegos Olímpicos) disputados durante el período 2005-2013. Se utilizaron diferentes métodos de análisis de series temporales (funciones de autocorrelación y correlación cruzada, doble media móvil, transformada de Hilbert). Los resultados revelaron un patrón creciente de coordinación anotadora entre los equipos a medida que los partidos avanzaban, mostrando patrones de coordinación extremadamente altos en el tercer y último cuarto (rachas de anotación similares para los dos equipos, patrones de anotación de ida y vuelta). Esto sugiere que son los dos primeros cuartos de los partidos aquellos que conducen a mayores fluctuaciones en el marcador (períodos de juego en los que el rendimiento anotador de un equipo es muy exitoso, mientras que el del otro equipo no lo es). Este estudio puede ser de interés para los entrenadores y analistas de rendimiento en baloncesto, proporcionando información práctica para la preparación específica de partidos en los campeonatos internacionales de selecciones nacionales

Training and Competition Load Monitoring and Analysis of Women's Amateur Basketball by Playing Position: Approach Study

Currently, the number of women involved in sport is increasing. Although, research on their characteristics and performance is scarce. A great amount of research on men's basketball is available, but it is unknown if it can be applied to women's basketball. The objective of this research was to characterize the internal and external load performed by female basketball players during training and sports competition according to playing positions through inertial devices. The participants in the following study were 10 amateur basketball players who competed at regional level (21.7 ± 3.65 years; 59.5 ± 12.27 kg, and 168.5 ± 3.56). Data were collected in games of the final phase (n = 8) and from 5 vs. 5 training tasks (n = 47). All the analyses were run according to playing positions. Each player was equipped with a GarminTM Heart Rate Band and WimuTM inertial device that monitored physical activity and movement in real time. The results obtained showed that the load experienced during competition was significantly higher (p &lt; 0.001) than during training (Heart Rate, Player Load, Steps, Jumps, and Impacts). There were also differences according to playing positions, mainly between the backcourt and frontcourt players (p &lt; 0.001). The players must work in higher areas of heart rate during training, mainly in Z4 and Z5, increasing their HRmáx y HRavg. The training doesn't equal the load supported and the distance performed in competition, so it is necessary to pay more attention during training. This information allows us to develop adequate training protocols adjusted to the specific individual requirements of the sports competition

How Do Player Substitutions Influence Men's UEFA Champions League Soccer Matches?

Coaches' player substitution strategies can change the tactical behavior and the final result of matches. This empirical study aims to describe the relationship/association of player substitution variables with the results of men's UEFA Champions League matches during the 2018-2019 season. A total of 125 matches were analyzed using an ad hoc observation sheet created for this purpose. To measure the degree and strength of association between the variables studied, Chi-square and Cramer’s V tests were used, respectively. In turn, the Adjusted Standardized Residuals from the contingency tables were calculated to detect patterns of association. Likewise, a decision tree, in particular, the CHAID method, was used to predict and identify interactions. Player substitutions affect the final result and the findings prove it. An own team's goal after 5-10 minutes of player substitution was win-related (positive impact) (90.40%, ASRs = 10.40), while an opposing team’s goal after 5-10 minutes of player substitution was loss-related (negative impact) (90.30%, ASRs = 10.30). Regardless of the match status, the positive impact increased the winning percentage. Furthermore, the match status was postulated as an indicator of the need to make player substitutions. It showed that player substitutions could determine the final result when teams were tying. On the other hand, the match location was not a differentiating factor between winning and losing teams, although the winning percentage was somewhat higher for home teams. Coaches could use this information to establish player substitution strategies that would allow them to perform at their best.This study was partially subsidized by the Aid for Research Groups (GR21149) from the Regional Government of Extremadura (Department of Economy, Science and Digital Agenda), with a contribution from the European Union from the European Funds for Regional Development. The author J.M.G.-C. was supported by a grant from the Universities Ministry of Spain and the European Union (NextGenerationUE) “Ayuda del Programa de Recualificación del Sistema Universitario Español, Modalidad de ayudas Margarita Salas para la formación de jóvenes doctores” (MS-01)